我正在做一个beamer带有动画tikzpicture环境的演示。在 MWE 中，顶部的图由一个永不改变的图和一个在其上移动的点组成。由于图很长，编译起来很麻烦，我将其保存在一个文件中，image.pdf然后加载到 中node。不幸的是，我没有找到一种一次性加载图像的方法：我目前的解决方案是每一步都加载它（即大约 600 次……）。
\pgfplots底部的图由数据文件绘制的曲线组成data.dat。我有 5 个不同的数据文件（我在 MWE 中使用同一个文件），它们使用一个接一个地加载only。对于一个数据文件，我在曲线上绘制了一个动画点。同样，我没有找到另一种在每次迭代（即大约 600 次...）时绘制曲线的解决方案。
总的来说，编译需要几分钟。我减少了迭代次数，以便提供的代码大约需要 20 秒。
因此，我的问题是：
我怎样才能在顶部图中一次性加载图像？
我怎样才能在底部图中一次性绘制五条曲线中的每一条？
代码中是否存在我无法发现的笨拙之处？
我尝试将animateinline和multiframe移入 内tikzpicture，导致出现错误：
扫描使用 \beamer@collect@@body 时文件结束。
代码：
\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots,pgfplotstable}
\usepackage{animate}
\pgfplotstableread[header=false]{
1.733 1.770 1.807 1.843 1.880 1.918
}\mytable
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}{Title}
% Data to read [a single file "data.dat" is used here for simplification purposes]
\only<1>{\pgfplotstableread[col sep=space,row sep=newline,header=true]{./data.dat}\datatable\def\indice{5}}
\only<2>{\pgfplotstableread[col sep=space,row sep=newline,header=true]{./data.dat}\datatable\def\indice{4}}
\only<3>{\pgfplotstableread[col sep=space,row sep=newline,header=true]{./data.dat}\datatable\def\indice{3}}
\only<4>{\pgfplotstableread[col sep=space,row sep=newline,header=true]{./data.dat}\datatable\def\indice{2}}
\only<5>{\pgfplotstableread[col sep=space,row sep=newline,header=true]{./data.dat}\datatable\def\indice{1}}
% Get number of rows
\pgfplotstablegetrowsof{\datatable}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\rows}{int(\pgfplotsretval-1)}
\begin{center}
\begin{animateinline}[loop,poster=first]{10}
\multiframe{201}{i=0+1}{%
% Get last value of first column of data.dat
\pgfplotstablegetelem{\rows}{[index]0}\of\datatable%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\tmax}{\pgfplotsretval}%
% Get x-coordinate of moving point
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]\indice}\of\mytable%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\tfirst}{\pgfplotsretval}%
\begin{tikzpicture}
% top plot
\begin{axis}[%
scale only axis,
axis on top,
width=4cm, height=2.25cm,
xmin=1.5, xmax=2.2,
ymin=0.3, ymax=1.5,
]
% LOADS IMAGE AT EVERY STEP!
\node[anchor=south west,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:1.5,0.3) {\includegraphics[width=4cm, height=2.25cm]{./image}};
\addplot[mark=*,red] coordinates {(\tfirst,\tmax-\tfirst)};
\end{axis}
% bottom plot
\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-4.3)}]
\begin{axis}[every axis legend/.append style={nodes={right}},
scale only axis,
width=5.025cm,height=3.15cm,
enlarge x limits={value=0.02,upper},
enlarge y limits=false,
xlabel={$x$}, ylabel={$y$}
]
\pgfplotstablegetelem{\i}{[index]0}\of{\datatable}\let\time\pgfplotsretval
\pgfplotstablegetelem{\i}{[index]\indice}\of{\datatable}\let\position\pgfplotsretval
\addplot[mark=*,blue] coordinates {(\time,\position)};
% PLOTS HOLE CURVE AT EVERY STEP!!
\addplot [thick,blue] table [x index=0, y index=\indice] {\datatable};
\end{axis}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}
\end{animateinline}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
链接到data.dat：托管于 filedropper
链接到image.pdf：托管于 filedropper或者原文见背页
完整项目链接（可以 zip 格式下载）：托管于 overleaf
答案1
整体的静态部分tikzpicture，即顶部带有轴的图像和底部绘制的曲线以及轴和轴标签，可以使用xsavebox包裹。
这样tikzpicture保存的可以作为背景图像插入，同时在其顶部绘制孤立红色和移动的蓝点来创建动画帧。
与插入标准保存盒不同，引用基于 PDF-XObject 的保存盒不会复制 PDF 输出文件内的保存代码。
问题的原始代码需要添加一些内容：
选项axis
scale only axis
用于背景和绘制孤立点时，以及
hide axis
绘制孤立点时。
必须根据输入数据确定轴范围，因为在绘制单个点时必须将它们设置为轴选项。
此外，需要将背景图的边界框左下角坐标保存到 TeX 宏中，以便在动画帧中正确放置背景节点。
原始数据集（5 x 201 个数据点）和原始--> image.jpg<--
- 原始 LaTeX 源：2 分 17 秒；4,235,154 B
- 下面的 LaTeX 代码：0:37 分钟；1,083,389 B
\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots,pgfplotstable}
\usepackage{animate}
%saveboxes without code replication, based on PDF XObjects
\usepackage{xsavebox}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% command for saving node anchor coords into TeX macros
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\makeatletter
\newcommand\saveCoordsOfNodeAnchor[4]{{%
% #1: macro taking x coordinate
% #2: macro taking y coordinate
% #3: <Node id>
% #4: <anchor>
\pgfpointanchor{#3}{#4}%
\pgfmathparse{\pgf@x/\pgf@xx}%
\xdef#1{\pgfmathresult}%
\pgfmathparse{\pgf@y/\pgf@yy}%
\xdef#2{\pgfmathresult}%
}}
\makeatother
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% the data file
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{filecontents*}{data.dat}
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\end{filecontents*}
\pgfplotstableread[header=false]{
1.733 1.770 1.807 1.843 1.880 1.918
}\mytable
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% command for saving static plot content (the top image and the bottom curve
% with axes and labels) into xsavebox
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newcommand\saveStaticPlot{%
\xsbox{staticPlotContent}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
% top plot
\begin{axis}[%
scale only axis,
axis on top,
width=4cm,
height=2.25cm,
xmin=1.5, xmax=2.2,
ymin=0.3, ymax=1.5,
]
\node[anchor=south west,inner sep=0pt] at (axis cs:1.5,0.3) {%
%resize image to fit within the axis box
\resizebox{\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/width}}{\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgfplots/height}}{\thefrog}
};
\end{axis}
% bottom plot
\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-4.3)}]
\begin{axis}[every axis legend/.append style={nodes={right}},
scale only axis,
width=5.025cm,height=3.15cm,
xmin=\xMin, xmax=\xMax,
ymin=\yMin, ymax=\yMax,
enlarge x limits={value=0.02,upper},
xlabel={$x$}, ylabel={$y$}
]
\addplot [thick,blue] table [x index=0, y index=\indice] {\datatable};
\end{axis}
\end{scope}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%save BBox coordinates
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\saveCoordsOfNodeAnchor{\llx}{\lly}{current bounding box}{south west}
%\saveCoordsOfNodeAnchor{\urx}{\ury}{current bounding box}{north east}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\end{tikzpicture}%
}%
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% save bitmap image once for all
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\xsbox{frog}{\includegraphics{./image}}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}{Title}
% Data to read [a single file "data.dat" is used here for simplification purposes]
\only<1>{%
\pgfplotstableread[col sep=space,row sep=newline,header=true]{./data.dat}\datatable%
\def\indice{5}%
%get min and max values
%time
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]0}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]0}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xMin}{\pgfplotsretval}%
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]0},sort cmp={float >}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]0}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xMax}{\pgfplotsretval}%
%data
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]\indice}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]\indice}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yMin}{\pgfplotsretval}%
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]\indice},sort cmp={float >}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]\indice}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yMax}{\pgfplotsretval}%
}
\only<2>{%
\pgfplotstableread[col sep=space,row sep=newline,header=true]{./data.dat}\datatable%
\def\indice{4}%
%get min and max values
%time
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]0}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]0}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xMin}{\pgfplotsretval}%
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]0},sort cmp={float >}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]0}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xMax}{\pgfplotsretval}%
%data
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]\indice}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]\indice}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yMin}{\pgfplotsretval}%
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]\indice},sort cmp={float >}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]\indice}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yMax}{\pgfplotsretval}%
}
\only<3>{%
\pgfplotstableread[col sep=space,row sep=newline,header=true]{./data.dat}\datatable%
\def\indice{3}%
%get min and max values
%time
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]0}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]0}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xMin}{\pgfplotsretval}%
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]0},sort cmp={float >}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]0}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xMax}{\pgfplotsretval}%
%data
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]\indice}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]\indice}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yMin}{\pgfplotsretval}%
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]\indice},sort cmp={float >}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]\indice}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yMax}{\pgfplotsretval}%
}
\only<4>{%
\pgfplotstableread[col sep=space,row sep=newline,header=true]{./data.dat}\datatable%
\def\indice{2}%
%get min and max values
%time
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]0}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]0}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xMin}{\pgfplotsretval}%
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]0},sort cmp={float >}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]0}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xMax}{\pgfplotsretval}%
%data
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]\indice}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]\indice}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yMin}{\pgfplotsretval}%
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]\indice},sort cmp={float >}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]\indice}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yMax}{\pgfplotsretval}%
}
\only<5>{%
\pgfplotstableread[col sep=space,row sep=newline,header=true]{./data.dat}\datatable%
\def\indice{1}%
%get min and max values
%time
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]0}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]0}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xMin}{\pgfplotsretval}%
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]0},sort cmp={float >}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]0}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xMax}{\pgfplotsretval}%
%data
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]\indice}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]\indice}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yMin}{\pgfplotsretval}%
\pgfplotstablesort[sort key={[index]\indice},sort cmp={float >}]\tmptble\datatable%
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]\indice}\of\tmptble%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yMax}{\pgfplotsretval}%
}
% Get number of rows
\pgfplotstablegetrowsof{\datatable}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\rows}{int(\pgfplotsretval-1)}
\begin{center}
\saveStaticPlot% save the satic plot with the current data
\begin{animateinline}[loop,poster=first]{10}
\multiframe{201}{i=0+1}{%
% Get last value of first column of data.dat
\pgfplotstablegetelem{\rows}{[index]0}\of\datatable%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\tmax}{\pgfplotsretval}%
% Get x-coordinate of moving point
\pgfplotstablegetelem{0}{[index]\indice}\of\mytable%
\pgfmathsetmacro{\tfirst}{\pgfplotsretval}%
\begin{tikzpicture}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% insert static plot as a node at (\llx,\lly)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\node[inner sep=0pt, anchor=south west] at (\llx,\lly) {\thestaticPlotContent};
%\useasboundingbox (\llx,\lly) rectangle (\urx,\ury);
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% overlay the red and blue dots
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% top plot (red point only!!!)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{axis}[%
scale only axis,
% note: axes hidden, no axis labels
hide axis,
width=4cm, height=2.25cm,
xmin=1.5, xmax=2.2,
ymin=0.3, ymax=1.5,
]
\addplot[mark=*,red] coordinates {(\tfirst,\tmax-\tfirst)};
\end{axis}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% bottom plot, blue point only, axes hidden, no axis labels
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{scope}[shift={(0,-4.3)}]
\begin{axis}[every axis legend/.append style={nodes={right}},
scale only axis,
hide axis,
xmin=\xMin, xmax=\xMax,
enlarge x limits={value=0.02,upper},
ymin=\yMin, ymax=\yMax,
width=5.025cm,height=3.15cm,
]
\pgfplotstablegetelem{\i}{[index]0}\of{\datatable}\let\time\pgfplotsretval
\pgfplotstablegetelem{\i}{[index]\indice}\of{\datatable}\let\position\pgfplotsretval
\addplot[mark=*,blue] coordinates {(\time,\position)};
\end{axis}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}%
\end{animateinline}
\end{center}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
要查看孤立的点，请启用
\saveCoordsOfNodeAnchor{\urx}{\ury}{current bounding box}{north east}
并改变
\node[inner sep=0pt, anchor=south west] at (\llx,\lly){\thestaticPlotContent};
%\useasboundingbox (\llx,\lly) rectangle (\urx,\ury);
到
%\node[inner sep=0pt, anchor=south west] at (\llx,\lly){\thestaticPlotContent};
\useasboundingbox (\llx,\lly) rectangle (\urx,\ury);