使用 (*) 和 (**) 代替数字自动标记公式

Question

正如标题所示，我想在某些环境（例如证明）中使用 (*)、(**)、... 而不是编号来标记公式。有办法实现吗？

Answer 1

像这样吗？

只要防假计数器没有重置，hyperref即使出现多次（然而这并不清楚），这种方法也能起作用。**proof

在使用之前，首先要对方程编号进行扩展\loopstars。

当然，如果符号超过 10 个，就会带来麻烦，即等式“数字”会变得太宽！

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsthm}

\newcounter{starcnt}
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\loopstars}[1]{%
  \c@starcnt\z@%
  \loop\unless\ifnum\c@starcnt = #1%
  \advance \c@starcnt by \@ne%
  *%
  \repeat%
}
\makeatother

\newcounter{proof}
\usepackage{xpatch}

\makeatletter
\AtBeginEnvironment{proof}{%
  \refstepcounter{proof}%
  \renewcommand{\theHequation}{equation.\arabic{proof}.\arabic{equation}}
  \renewcommand{\theequation}{\protect\loopstars{\number\value{equation}}}
}

\makeatother

\usepackage{hyperref}


\begin{document}

In \eqref{foo} we see that and in \eqref{foobar}


\begin{proof}
  \begin{equation}
    E=mc^2
    \end{equation}  
    \begin{align}
      E=mc^2 \label{foo} \\
      E=mc^2
 \end{align}    
\end{proof}

\clearpage
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\begin{proof}
  \begin{equation}
    E=mc^2
    \end{equation}  
    \begin{align}
      E=mc^2 \label{foobar} \\
      E=mc^2
 \end{align}    
\end{proof}

代码高尔夫前进

  \documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsthm}

\newcounter{starcnt}
\newcounter{proof}
\newcounter{dummycntr}

\newcommand{\mynumberingplaceholder}{$\int\!$}
\makeatletter
\newcommand{\loopsymbols}[1]{%
  \raggedleft%
  \c@starcnt\z@%
  \loop\unless\ifnum\c@starcnt = #1%
  \advance \c@starcnt by \@ne%
  \mynumberingplaceholder%
  \repeat%
}
\makeatother

\usepackage{xpatch}

\makeatletter
\AtBeginEnvironment{proof}{%
  \refstepcounter{proof}%
  \renewcommand{\theHequation}{equation.\arabic{proof}.\arabic{equation}}
  \renewcommand{\theequation}{\protect\loopsymbols{\number\value{equation}}}
}

\makeatother

\usepackage{hyperref}


\begin{document}

In \eqref{foo} we see that and in \eqref{foobar}


\begin{proof}
  \begin{equation}
    E=mc^2
    \end{equation}  
    \begin{align}
      E=mc^2 \label{foo} \\
      E=mc^2
    \end{align} 
    \loop\unless\ifnum\value{dummycntr} = 10
    \stepcounter{dummycntr}
    \begin{equation}
      c^2 = a^2 +b^2 \\
    \end{equation}  
    \repeat
\end{proof}

\clearpage
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\begin{proof}
  \begin{equation}
    E=mc^2
    \end{equation}  
    \begin{align}
      E=mc^2 \label{foobar} \\
      E=mc^2
 \end{align}    
\end{proof}



\end{document}

Answer 2

基于 Christian 的想法，这里有一个版本，它重置了证明中的方程编号，并将外部编号保持为标准。它还允许（本地）更改给定环境中的符号proof（默认为星号）。

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm,xpatch}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\ExplSyntaxOn
\cs_new:Npn \stars #1
 {
  \prg_replicate:nn { \use:c { c@#1 } } { \l_anhoa_eqsym_tl }
 }
\tl_new:N \l_anhoa_eqsym_tl
\NewDocumentCommand{\seteqsymbol}{m}
 {
  \tl_set:Nn \l_anhoa_eqsym_tl { #1 }
 }
\ExplSyntaxOff
\seteqsymbol{*} % initialize

\newcounter{saveequation}
\newcounter{proof}
\xapptocmd{\proof}
 {%
  \stepcounter{proof}%
  \setcounter{saveequation}{\value{equation}}%
  \setcounter{equation}{0}%
  \renewcommand{\theequation}{\stars{equation}}%
  \renewcommand{\theHequation}{\theproof.\arabic{equation}}%
 }{}{}
\xapptocmd{\endproof}
 {\setcounter{equation}{\value{saveequation}}}
 {}{}

\begin{document}

Here is an equation
\begin{equation}
a=b
\end{equation}

\begin{proof}
This is an important equation
\begin{equation}
0=0\label{a}
\end{equation}
Note that \eqref{a} together with
\begin{equation}
0=0
\end{equation}
ends the proof.
\end{proof}

\begin{proof}\seteqsymbol{\ensuremath{\vee}}
This is an important equation
\begin{equation}
0=0\label{b}
\end{equation}
Note that \eqref{b} together with
\begin{equation}
0=0
\end{equation}
ends the proof.
\end{proof}

Here is an equation
\begin{equation}
a=b
\end{equation}

\end{document}