我可以创建一个颜色表，但现在我想为该表添加一些解释，如下图所示
我应该使用tikz还是只使用表格功能？有人能给我一个起点吗？
这是我的表格代码：
\documentclass[xcolor=x11names,compress]{beamer}
\usepackage{xcolor, colortbl}
\usepackage{makecell}
\definecolor{Gray}{gray}{0.85}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}{I$^{2}$C contd}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\cellcolor{Gray}S & \cellcolor{Gray}SLAVE ADDRESS & \cellcolor{Gray}R/W & A & \cellcolor{Gray}DATA & A & \cellcolor{Gray}DATA & A/A & \cellcolor{Gray}P \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
我找到了一种方法来做到这一点，这里是输出和代码：
\documentclass[xcolor=x11names,compress]{beamer}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\definecolor{Gray}{gray}{0.85}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}{I$^{2}$C contd}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\hspace*{-1.5em}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[gray] (0,0) grid (12,6);
\foreach \x in {0,1,...,12}
\draw (\x cm,1pt) -- (\x cm,-1pt) node[anchor=north] {$\x$};
\foreach \y in {1,2,...,6}
\draw (1pt,\y cm) -- (-1pt,\y cm) node[anchor=east] {$\y$};
%draw data structure
\draw [fill=Gray] (0,5.5) rectangle (1,6) node[pos=.5] {S};
\draw [fill=Gray] (1,5.5) rectangle (4.5,6) node[pos=.5] {SLAVE ADDRESS};
\draw [fill=Gray] (4.5,5.5) rectangle (5.5,6) node[pos=.5] {R/$\overline{W}$};
\draw (5.5,5.5) rectangle (6,6) node[pos=.5] {A};
\draw [fill=Gray] (6,5.5) rectangle (7.5,6) node[pos=.5] {DATA};
\draw (7.5,5.5) rectangle (8,6) node[pos=.5] {A};
\draw [fill=Gray] (8,5.5) rectangle (9.5,6) node[pos=.5] {DATA};
\draw (9.5,5.5) rectangle (11,6) node[pos=.5] {A/$\overline{A}$};
\draw [fill=Gray] (11,5.5) rectangle (11.5,6) node[pos=.5] {P};
%draw example
\draw [fill=Gray] (0.5,3) rectangle (1,3.5);
\draw (0.5,2) rectangle (1,2.5);
%draw line
\draw (5,5.3) -- (5,4.5);
\draw (6,5.3) -- (6,4.5) -- (6.5,4.5);
\draw (11,5.3) -- (11,4.5) -- (10.5,4.5);
%add text
%\coordinate [label={[blue]above:`0'(write)}] (RW) at (5,4);
%\coordinate [label={[blue]above:`0'(data transferred \\())}] (RW) at (8.5,4);
\node [blue, align=center, above] at (5,4) {`0'(write)};
\node [blue, align=center, above] at (8.5,4) {data transferred \\(n bytes + ACK)};
\node [red, align=left, above] at (2.8,3) {from master to slave};
\node [red, align=left, above] at (2.8,2) {from slave to master};
\node [red, align=left, above] at (8, 3) {A$=$ACK (SDA LOW)};
\node [red, align=left, above] at (8, 2.5) {$\overline{A}=$NAK (SDA HIGH)};
\node [red, align=left, above] at (7, 2) {S=START};
\node [red, align=left, above] at (7, 1.5) {P=STOP};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
它的输出如下：
但是，红色文本有什么问题？我已经使用了align=left或right或center，它们的输出都相同。
我把代码改成：
\node [red, align=left, above] at (2.8,3) {from master to slave};
\node [red, align=left, above] at (2.8,2) {from slave to master};
它可以输出以上两个正确的内容，但是为什么呢？正确的文本怎么样，如何对齐它们？
答案1
我个人会使用并根据条件来制作方形节点chains以进行填充。
输出
代码
\documentclass[xcolor=x11names,compress]{beamer}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, positioning, chains}
\tikzset{
box/.style={draw, text centered, minimum size=2em},
sqarr/.style={to path={-- ++(0,-8mm) -| (\tikztotarget) \tikztonodes},pos=.25}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}{I$^{2}$C contd}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\hspace*{-1.5em}
\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\sffamily, shorten <= 1mm, shorten >= 1mm]
\begin{scope} [start chain, node distance=-\pgflinewidth, every node/.style={fill=gray!50}]
\foreach \name [count=\xi starting from 0] in {%
S,
SLAVE ADDRESS,
R/\={W},
A,
DATA,
A,
DATA,
A/\={A},
P}{%
\pgfmathparse{\xi>2 && mod(\xi,2)}
\ifnum\pgfmathresult=0
\node[box, on chain] (n\xi) {\name\vphantom{R/\={W}}};
\else
\node[box, fill=white, on chain] (n\xi) {\name\vphantom{R/\={W}}};
\fi
}
\end{scope}
\draw (n2.south) --++ (0,-8mm) node[below, font=\footnotesize] {'0' (write)};
\draw[sqarr] (n3.south east) to node[text width=2.5cm, yshift=-.3\baselineskip, inner xsep=0, text centered, fill=white, font=\footnotesize] {data transferred \\(n bytes + ACK)} (n7.south west);
\node[box, font=\footnotesize, fill=gray!50, minimum size=1em, below=2cm of n0, label={right:from master to slave}] (d1) {};
\node[box, minimum size=1em, below=2.5cm of n0, label={right:from slave to master}] {};
\node[text width=4.5cm,font=\footnotesize, anchor=north west] at (d1.north-|n3) {
A = acknowledge (SDA LOW)\\
\={A} = acknowledge (SDA HIGH)\\
S = START condition\\
P = STOP condition
};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
答案2
最简单的方法可能是将所有线条放在同一个节点内，并左对齐。这就是我在下面的代码中所做的，它还展示了如何使用nodes节点rectangle+node绘制框架。
\documentclass[xcolor=x11names,compress]{beamer}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\definecolor{Gray}{gray}{0.85}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}[fragile]{I$^{2}$C contd}
Follow figure shows a master writes data to slave with 7-bits address:
\medskip
{\par\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[field/.style={draw, minimum height=5mm, outer sep=-\pgflinewidth, fill={#1}, inner ysep=0pt},
field/.default={Gray},]
\begin{scope}[node distance=0pt]
\node[field, minimum width=1cm] (S) {S};
\node[field, right=of S] (SA) {SLAVE ADDRESS};
\node[field, right=of SA, label={[label distance=5mm, blue, name=label1]-90:0 (write)}] (RW) {R/$\overline{\text{W}}$};
\node[field=white, right=of RW] (A1) {A};
\node[field, right=of A1] (D1) {DATA};
\node[field=white, right=of D1] (A2) {A};
\node[field, right=of A2] (D2) {DATA};
\node[field=white, right=of D2] (AA) {A/$\overline{\text{A}}$};
\node[field, right=of AA] (P) {P};
\end{scope}
\draw[shorten <=1mm, shorten >=0mm] (RW)--(label1);
\draw[shorten <=1mm, shorten >=1mm] (A1.south east)--(A1.south east|-label1)-|(AA.south east) node[pos=.25, align=center, blue, fill=white] {data transferred \\(n bytes + ACK)};
\node[draw, fill=Gray, minimum size=5mm, label={[name=label2]0:from master to slave}, below=1.5cm of S] (fmts) {};
\node[draw, minimum size=5mm, label=0:from slave to master, below= 5mm of fmts] (fstm) {};
\node [align=left, anchor=north west] at (fmts.north-|A1.west) {A = ACK (SDA LOW)\\$\overline{\text{A}}$ = NACK (SDA HIGH)\\S = START\\P = STOP};
\end{tikzpicture}\par}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
