大家好，我想建立一个如下图所示的组织结构图，但我不知道如何开始。我读了有关 tikz 软件包的信息……
\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzset{every node/.style=
{thick, draw=black, align=center, minimum height=30pt, text
width=150pt}
}
\node(a1) {deterministische \\Prozesse};% start with left second level
\node[right=10pt] (a2) at (a1.east) {stochastische Prozesse};
\node[above=10pt] (top) at ($(a1.north)!.5!(a2.north)$)
{Maschinenbelegungs-\\planung};
\node[below=10pt] (b1) at (a1.south) {ein- Maschinen\\Probleme};
\node[below=10pt] (b2) at (a2.south) {mehrstufige\\Probleme};
%\node[below=10pt] (c1) at (b1.south) {identische Maschinenfolge für\\alle
Auftr\"age \\\texbf{Flow Shop}};
\node[below=10pt] (c2) at (b2.south) {unterschiedliche\\Maschinenfolge der
Auftr\"age \\\textbf{Job Shop}};
%\node[below=10pt] (c3) at (b2.south) {ungeordnete Maschinenfolge\\ der
Auftr\"age \\\textbf{Open Shop}};
\coordinate (atop) at ($(top.south) + (0,-5pt)$);% midpoint below top
\coordinate (btop) at ($(a2.south) + (0,-5pt)$);% midoint below a3
\coordinate (ctop) at ($(b2.south) + (0,-5pt)$);
\draw[thick] (top.south) -- (atop)
(a1.north) |- (atop) -| (a2.north)
(a1.south) -- (b1.north)
(b1.north) |- (btop) -| (b2.north)
(b2.south) -- (c2.north);
% (c2.north) |- (ctop) -| (c3.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
这是我的代码，但在更多问题下，我不知道如何在其下构建最后的东西……并且所有块周围的框架应该相同吗？你们能帮帮我吗？
答案1
您可以使用类似以下方法修复节点的位置
\node[below right=10pt] (c3) at (b2.south east) {ungeordnete Maschinenfolge\\ der Auftr\"age \\\textbf{Open Shop}};
然而，请注意，这种语法已被弃用，并且positioning建议使用库。
更根本的是，这不是一种绘制树的简单方法。我建议使用为此设计的库或包。森林就是一个例子。
\documentclass[border=10pt,tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage[edges]{forest}
\usetikzlibrary{fit}
\begin{document}
\begin{forest}
for tree={
draw,
align=center
},
forked edges,
[Maschinenbelegungs-\\planung
[deterministische\\Prozesse
[ein- Maschinen\\Probleme
]
[mehrstufige\\Probleme
[identische Maschinenfolge für\\alle Auftr\"age \\\textbf{Flow Shop}
]
[unterschiedliche\\Maschinenfolge der Auftr\"age \\\textbf{Job Shop}
]
[ungeordnete Maschinenfolge\\ der Auftr\"age \\\textbf{Open Shop}
]
]
]
[stochastische\\Prozesse
]
]
\node [draw, fit=(current bounding box.south east) (current bounding box.north west)] {};
\end{forest}
\end{document}
编辑
为了使其适合标准文章而不旋转它，我建议将最终节点设为 4 行而不是 3 行。这会使图表略高一些，但会明显变窄。我认为它看起来也更整洁。
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[edges]{forest}
\usetikzlibrary{fit}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{forest}
for tree={
draw,
align=center
},
forked edges,
[Maschinenbelegungs-\\planung
[deterministische\\Prozesse
[ein- Maschinen\\Probleme
]
[mehrstufige\\Probleme
[identische\\Maschinenfolge\\für alle Auftr\"age\\\textbf{Flow Shop}
]
[unterschiedliche\\Maschinenfolge\\der Auftr\"age\\\textbf{Job Shop}
]
[ungeordnete\\Maschinenfolge\\der Auftr\"age\\\textbf{Open Shop}
]
]
]
[stochastische\\Prozesse
]
]
\node [draw, fit=(current bounding box.south east) (current bounding box.north west)] {};
\end{forest}
\caption{Organisation}\label{fig:org}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
答案2
这只是制作组织结构图的一个例子。我在 tikz 中制作了一个，所以我想它可能会帮助其他人了解如何开始。
\documentclass[border=10pt,tikz]{standalone}
\definecolor{highlight}{HTML}{A3C87B}
\tikzstyle{role} = [rectangle, rounded corners, minimum width=1cm, minimum height=1cm,text centered, draw=black]
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node (A) [role, align=center] at (0,0) {Presidente - Conseil \\ d'administration};
\node (B) [role] at (0,-2) {Directrice Generale};
\node (C) [role] at (-3.0,-4) {Assistante de direction};
\node (D) [role] at (3.5,-4) {Assistante administratif comptable};
\node (E) [role] at (-2.5,-6) {R\'ef\'erente handicap};
\node (F) [role, align=center] at (-19,-10) {Responsable d'activit\'es \\ R\'ef\'erente qualit\'e};
\node (G) [role, align=center] at (-13,-10) {Responsable d'activit\'es};
\node (H) [role, align=center] at (-7,-10) {Charg\'e de d\'eveloppement \\ R\'ef\'erent actions num\'eriques};
\node (I) [role, align=center] at (0,-10) {Responsable d'activit\'es};
\node (J) [role, align=center] at (7,-10) {Responsable d'activit\'es};
\node (K) [role, align=center] at (12,-10) {Directeur CER \\ Chef de service};
\node (L) [role, align=center] at (19,-10) {Responsable d'activit\'es};
%%%%%% F
\node (F10) [role, align=center] at (-20.5,-12) {Intervenantes \\ exterieurs};
\node (F11) [align=center] at (-22,-13.5) {PPP};
\node (F12) [role, align=center] at (-21,-14.5) {CIP};
\node (F13) [align=center] at (-22,-16) {CBP};
\node (F14) [role, align=center] at (-20.5,-17) {Formateur \\ FLE};
\node (F20) [align=center] at (-18,-12) {CBP};
\node (F21) [role, align=center] at (-16.5,-13) {Formateur};
\node (F30) [align=center] at (-18,-14) {PPP};
\node (F31) [role, align=center] at (-17,-15) {CIP};
\node (F40) [align=center] at (-18,-16) {CLEA};
\node (F41) [role, align=center] at (-16,-17) {Formateur};
\node (F42) [role, align=center] at (-16,-18.3) {Formateur};
\node (F43) [role, align=center] at (-16,-19.6) {Formateur};
\node (F44) [role, align=center] at (-16,-20.9) {Formateur};
\node (F45) [role, align=center] at (-16,-22.2) {Formateur};
\node (F46) [role, align=center] at (-16,-23.5) {Formateur};
\node (F50) [align=center] at (-18,-24.8) {Parcours s\'ecuris\'e};
\node (F51) [role, align=center] at (-16,-26.1) {Formateur technique \\ informatique};
%%%%%% G
\node (G10) [align=center] at (-13.88,-11) {EDI 94};
\node (G11) [role, align=center] at (-12.88,-12) {CIP};
\node (G12) [role, align=center] at (-12.44,-13.3) {Formateur};
%%%%%% H
\node (H10) [align=center] at (-9.5,-11.5) {TIC TRUCK};
\node (H11) [role, align=center] at (-8,-12.5) {Coordinateur};
\node (H20) [align=center] at (-6.5,-11.5) {Actions Informatiques};
\node (H21) [role,align=center] at (-5,-12.5) {Coordinateur \\ num\'erique};
\node (H22) [role,align=center] at (-5,-13.8) {Technicien \\ informatique};
%%%%%% I
\node (I10) [align=center, fill=highlight] at (-2,-11.5) {ISAE};
\node (I11) [role, align=center, fill=highlight] at (-1,-12.5) {CIP};
\node (I12) [role, align=center, fill=highlight] at (-1,-13.8) {CIP};
\node (I13) [role, align=center, fill=highlight] at (-0.8,-15.1) {Assistant \\ sociale};
\node (I14) [role, align=center, fill=highlight] at (-0.8,-16.4) {Assistant \\ sociale};
\node (I20) [align=center] at (-2,-18) {Chantier de \\ remobilisation};
\node (I21) [role, align=center] at (-0.8,-19.3) {Encadrant \\ technique};
\node (I30) [align=center, fill=highlight] at (1.5,-11.5) {PPAIP};
\node (I31) [role, align=center, fill=highlight] at (3,-12.5) {Psychologue \\ du travail};
\node (I32) [role, align=center, fill=highlight] at (3,-14) {Psychologue \\ du travail};
\node (I33) [role, align=center, fill=highlight] at (3,-15.5) {Psychologue \\ du travail};
\node (I34) [role, align=center, fill=highlight] at (2.5,-16.8) {CIP};
\node (I35) [role, align=center, fill=highlight] at (2.5,-18.1) {CIP};
\node (I36) [role, align=center, fill=highlight] at (2.5,-19.4) {CIP};
\node (I37) [role, align=center, fill=highlight] at (2.5,-20.7) {CIP};
\node (I38) [role, align=center, fill=highlight] at (2.5,-22) {CIP};
%%%%%% J
\node (J10) [align=center] at (5.5,-11.5) {EDI 92};
\node (J11) [role, align=center] at (6.7,-12.5) {Assistant \\ sociale};
\node (J12) [role, align=center] at (6.7,-13.8) {Assistant \\ sociale};
\node (J13) [role, align=center] at (6.7,-15.1) {Secr\'etaire};
\node (J20) [align=center] at (8.5,-11.5) {EDIP};
\node (J21) [role, align=center] at (9.7,-12.5) {Assistant \\ sociale};
\node (J22) [role, align=center] at (9.7,-13.8) {RSA 93};
%%%%%% K
\node (K10) [role, align=center] at (13.2,-11.3) {Educateur};
\node (K11) [role, align=center] at (13.2,-12.6) {Educateur};
\node (K12) [role, align=center] at (13.2,-13.9) {Educateur};
\node (K13) [role, align=center] at (13.2,-15.2) {Educateur};
\node (K14) [role, align=center] at (13.2,-16.5) {Educateur};
\node (K15) [role, align=center] at (13.2,-17.8) {Educateur};
\node (K16) [role, align=center] at (13.2,-19.1) {CIP};
\node (K17) [role, align=center] at (13.2,-20.4) {Agent \\ d'entretien};
\node (K18) [role, align=center] at (13.2,-21.7) {Agent \\ d'entretien};
%%%%%% L
\node (L10) [align=center] at (16,-11.5) {OFI};
\node (L11) [role, align=center] at (17.5,-12.8) {Coordinateur};
\node (L12) [role, align=center] at (17.5,-14.1) {Coordinateur};
\node (L13) [role, align=center] at (17.5,-15.3) {Formateur};
\node (L14) [role, align=center] at (17.5,-16.6) {Formateur};
\node (L15) [role, align=center] at (17.5,-17.9) {Formateur};
\node (L16) [role, align=center] at (17.5,-19.2) {Formateur};
\node (L17) [role, align=center] at (17.5,-20.5) {Formateur};
\node (L18) [role, align=center] at (17.5,-21.8) {Secr\'etaire};
\node (L20) [align=center] at (20,-11.5) {Pr\'epa apprentissage};
\node (L21) [role, align=center] at (22,-12.8) {Coordinateur/CIP};
\node (L22) [role, align=center] at (21.5,-14.1) {Formateur};
\node (L23) [role, align=center] at (21.5,-15.4) {Formateur};
\node (L30) [align=center] at (20,-16.7) {ALPHA PRO};
\node (L31) [role, align=center] at (21.5,-18) {Formateur};
%%%%%% Phantoms
\node (phantom1) at (0,-8.12) {};
\node (phantom2) at (0.12,-6) {};
%%%%%% Edges
\draw (A) edge (B);
\draw (C) edge (D);
\draw (B) edge (phantom1);
\draw (E) edge (phantom2);
\draw (-19,-8) edge (19,-8);
\draw (-19,-8) edge (F);
\draw (-13,-8) edge (G);
\draw (-7,-8) edge (H);
\draw (0,-8) edge (I);
\draw (7,-8) edge (J);
\draw (12,-8) edge (K);
\draw (19,-8) edge (L);
%%%%%% F
\draw (F) |- (-22,-11) edge (F11);
\draw (F) |- (-18,-11) edge (F20);
\draw (-22,-12) edge (F10);
\draw (F11) |- (F12);
\draw (F11) edge (F13);
\draw (F13) |- (F14);
\draw (F20) |- (F21);
\draw (F20) edge (F30);
\draw (F30) |- (F31);
\draw (F30) edge (F40);
\draw (F40) |- (F41);
\draw (F40) |- (F42);
\draw (F40) |- (F43);
\draw (F40) |- (F44);
\draw (F40) |- (F45);
\draw (F40) |- (F46);
\draw (F40) edge (F50);
\draw (F50) |- (F51);
%%%%%% G
\draw (G.210) edge (G10);
\draw (G10) |- (G11);
\draw (G10) |- (G12);
%%%%%% H
\draw (H) |- (-9.5,-11) edge (H10);
\draw (H10) |- (H11);
\draw (H) |- (-6.5,-11) edge (H20);
\draw (H20) |- (H21);
\draw (H20) |- (H22);
%%%%%% I
\draw (I) |- (-2,-11) edge (I10);
\draw (I10) |- (I11);
\draw (I10) |- (I12);
\draw (I10) |- (I13);
\draw (I10) |- (I14);
\draw (I10) edge (I20);
\draw (I20) |- (I21);
\draw (I) |- (1.5,-11) edge (I30);
\draw (I30) |- (I31);
\draw (I30) |- (I32);
\draw (I30) |- (I33);
\draw (I30) |- (I34);
\draw (I30) |- (I35);
\draw (I30) |- (I36);
\draw (I30) |- (I37);
\draw (I30) |- (I38);
%%%%%% J
\draw (J) |- (5.5,-11) edge (J10);
\draw (J10) |- (J11);
\draw (J10) |- (J12);
\draw (J10) |- (J13);
\draw (J) |- (8.5,-11) edge (J20);
\draw (J20) |- (J21);
\draw (J20) |- (J22);
%%%%%% K
\draw (K) |- (K10);
\draw (K) |- (K11);
\draw (K) |- (K12);
\draw (K) |- (K13);
\draw (K) |- (K14);
\draw (K) |- (K15);
\draw (K) |- (K16);
\draw (K) |- (K17);
\draw (K) |- (K18);
%%%%%% L
\draw (L) |- (16,-11) edge (L10);
\draw (L10) |- (L11);
\draw (L10) |- (L12);
\draw (L10) |- (L13);
\draw (L10) |- (L14);
\draw (L10) |- (L15);
\draw (L10) |- (L16);
\draw (L10) |- (L17);
\draw (L10) |- (L18);
\draw (L) |- (20,-11) edge (L20);
\draw (L20) |- (L21);
\draw (L20) |- (L22);
\draw (L20) |- (L23);
\draw (L20) edge (L30);
\draw (L30) |- (L31);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
从而产生...
