答案1
通过堆栈。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[usestackEOL]{stackengine}
\begin{document}
\sffamily
{\footnotesize\stackanchor{Self-adjusted}{Market}}
$\leftarrow$
\Centerstack{1840s -- 1870s\\$\downarrow$\\Adam Smith \& David Ricardo\\
$\downarrow$\\ \small Restriction on Economic Competition}
$\rightarrow$
{\footnotesize\stackanchor{Comparitive}{Advantage}}
\end{document}
答案2
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[every text node part/.style={align=center}]
\node (a) at (0,0) {Adam Smith \& David Ricardo};
\node[below=of a] (b) {Restriction on Economic Competition};
\node[above=of a] (c) {1840s--1870s};
\node[left=of a] (d) {Self--adjusted\\Market};
\node[right=of a] (e) {Comparative\\Advantage};
\draw[->] (c.south)--(a.north);
\draw[->] (a.west)--(d.east);
\draw[->] (a.east)--(e.west);
\draw[->] (a.south)--(b.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}