Grub-install:无法在 Bios/GPT 中嵌入

Grub-install:无法在 Bios/GPT 中嵌入

这几天我一直在努力设置加密 NAS。基本计划是在 raid1 上的 lvm 上的 luks 上安装 btrfs,并在根分区上使用写回模式的 lvmcache,以减少磁盘访问。

长话短说:

设置分区和文件系统后GRUB无法安装:

grub-install: warning: Attempting to install GRUB to a disk with multiple partition labels.  This is not supported yet..
grub-install: error: embedding is not possible, but this is required for RAID and LVM install.

分区

按照 Arch Wiki,我首先设置分区:

gdisk/dev/sda 和 /dev/sdb 的输出:

Disk /dev/sda: 976773168 sectors, 465.8 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 9EFA6587-E34F-4AC1-8B56-5262480A6C6A
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 976773134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048            4095   1024.0 KiB  EF02  BIOS boot partition
   2            4096       976773134   465.8 GiB   8300  Linux filesystem

请注意BIOS启动分区这显然是在模式GRUB下安装时所需要的BIOS/GPT

MDADM

因为我有两个磁盘,所以我希望它们位于一个RAID1阵列中:

mdadm --create --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/md0 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2

root@archiso ~ # mdadm --detail --scan
ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=archiso:0 UUID=bdfc3fea:f4a0ee6d:6ac08012:59ea384b

root@archiso ~ # cat /proc/mdstat     
Personalities : [raid1] 
md0 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0]
      488253440 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      [>....................]  resync =  2.0% (9832384/488253440) finish=96.6min speed=82460K/sec
      bitmap: 4/4 pages [16KB], 65536KB chunk

unused devices: <none>

卢克斯

接下来我LUKS在以下位置设置一个卷RAID

root@archiso ~ # cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/md0 

WARNING!
========
This will overwrite data on /dev/md0 irrevocably.

Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES
Enter passphrase: 
Verify passphrase:


root@archiso ~ # cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/md0 md0-crypt
Enter passphrase for /dev/md0:

左心室容量

Btrfs可以使用快照来代替LVM,但在撰写本文时,无法向 中添加 SSD 缓存设备Btrfs。所以我选择使用LVM并通过稍后添加SSD lvmcache

(一步创建卷组:)

root@archiso ~ # vgcreate vg0 /dev/mapper/md0-crypt 
  Physical volume "/dev/mapper/md0-crypt" successfully created
  Volume group "vg0" successfully created

root@archiso ~ # lvcreate -L 100M -C y vg0 -n boot
  Logical volume "boot" created.
root@archiso ~ # lvcreate -L 20G vg0 -n root
  Logical volume "root" created.
root@archiso ~ # lvcreate -L 10G vg0 -n var
  Logical volume "var" created.
root@archiso ~ # lvcreate -L 6G -C y vg0 -n swap
  Logical volume "swap" created.
root@archiso ~ # lvcreate -l +100%FREE vg0 -n home
  Logical volume "home" created

产生以下布局:

root@archiso ~ # lvs
  LV   VG   Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  boot vg0  -wc-a----- 100.00m                                                    
  home vg0  -wi-a----- 429.53g                                                    
  root vg0  -wi-a-----  20.00g                                                
  swap vg0  -wc-a-----   6.00g                                                    
  var  vg0  -wi-a-----  10.00g 

Btrfs/文件系统

创建文件系统:

root@archiso ~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg0/boot
root@archiso ~ # mkfs.btrfs /dev/vg0/home
root@archiso ~ # mkfs.btrfs /dev/vg0/root
root@archiso ~ # mkfs.btrfs /dev/vg0/var

ext4之所以选择引导,是因为btrfs抱怨分区尺寸太小。)

挂载文件系统:

root@archiso ~ # swapon /dev/vg0/swap
root@archiso ~ # mount /dev/vg0/root /mnt/arch -o compress=lzo
root@archiso ~ # mount /dev/vg0/home /mnt/arch/home -o compress=lzo
root@archiso ~ # mount /dev/vg0/var /mnt/arch/var -o compress=lzo
root@archiso ~ # mount /dev/vg0/boot /mnt/arch/boot

安装拱门

实际上我只是从以前的备份中复制系统:

root@archiso ~ # rsync -Pa /mnt/bkp/sda/* /mnt/arch

咖啡时间(休闲时光

设置 mdadm.conf 和 fstab

root@archiso ~ # genfstab -U /mnt/arch > /mnt/arch/etc/fstab
root@archiso ~ # cat /mnt/arch/etc/fstab 
# /dev/mapper/vg0-root
UUID=62ebf0c9-bb37-4b4e-87dd-eb8a4ace6a69       /               btrfs           rw,relatime,compress=lzo,space_cache 0 0

# /dev/mapper/vg0-home
UUID=53113e11-b663-452f-b4da-1443e470b065       /home           btrfs           rw,relatime,compress=lzo,space_cache 0 0

# /dev/mapper/vg0-var
UUID=869ffe10-7a1c-4254-9612-25633c7ae619       /var            btrfs           rw,relatime,compress=lzo,space_cache 0 0

# /dev/mapper/vg0-boot
UUID=d121a9df-8c03-4ad9-a6e0-b68739b1a358       /boot           ext4            rw,relatime,data=ordered        0 2

# /dev/mapper/vg0-swap
UUID=29035eeb-540d-4437-861b-c30597bb7c16       none            swap            defaults        0 0

root@archiso ~ # mdadm --detail --scan >> /mnt/arch/etc/mdadm.conf
root@archiso ~ # cat /mnt/arch/etc/mdadm.conf
[...]
ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=archiso:0 UUID=bdfc3fea:f4a0ee6d:6ac08012:59ea384b

chroot 进入系统

root@archiso ~ # arch-chroot /mnt/arch /bin/bash
[root@archiso /]#

mkinitcpio.conf

添加了这些钩子:mdadm_udev encrypt lvm2 btrfs

[root@archiso /]# mkinitcpio -p linux

配置GRUB

现在,对于有趣的(也是失败的)部分,我选择GRUB作为我的引导加载程序,因为它应该支持我使用的所有装置。

参考:

更改的部分/etc/default/grub

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=/dev/md0:vg0"
GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y

安装 grub:

[root@archiso /]# grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck  /dev/sda                                                  
Installing for i386-pc platform.
  /run/lvm/lvmetad.socket: connect failed: No such file or directory
  WARNING: Failed to connect to lvmetad. Falling back to internal scanning.
  /run/lvm/lvmetad.socket: connect failed: No such file or directory
  WARNING: Failed to connect to lvmetad. Falling back to internal scanning.
  /run/lvm/lvmetad.socket: connect failed: No such file or directory
  WARNING: Failed to connect to lvmetad. Falling back to internal scanning.
grub-install: warning: Attempting to install GRUB to a disk with multiple partition labels.  This is not supported yet..
grub-install: error: embedding is not possible, but this is required for RAID and LVM install.

--debug输出可用这里

坦白说......我不知道这里出了什么问题。在 BIOS/GPT 模式下,GRUB 应该将其 core.img 嵌入到ef02/BIOS boot分区中,不是吗?

编辑

https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=144254不适用于此处:

[root@archiso /]# btrfs fi show --all-devices
Label: none  uuid: 62ebf0c9-bb37-4b4e-87dd-eb8a4ace6a69
        Total devices 1 FS bytes used 965.77MiB
        devid    1 size 20.00GiB used 3.04GiB path /dev/mapper/vg0-root

Label: none  uuid: 869ffe10-7a1c-4254-9612-25633c7ae619
        Total devices 1 FS bytes used 339.15MiB
        devid    1 size 10.00GiB used 3.04GiB path /dev/mapper/vg0-var

Label: none  uuid: 53113e11-b663-452f-b4da-1443e470b065
        Total devices 1 FS bytes used 384.00KiB
        devid    1 size 429.53GiB used 2.04GiB path /dev/mapper/vg0-home

Btrfs v3.17.3

答案1

嗯......显然这一行是线索:

grub-install: warning: Attempting to install GRUB to a disk with multiple partition labels.  This is not supported yet..

以前我直接安装btrfs/dev/sda和上/dev/sdb。这就是为什么它们都附加了 FSTYPE 和 LABEL(如图所示lsblk)。

解决方案:我现在已经用(安全擦除)擦除了/dev/sda和。可能有更好的方法来取消设置这些标志......但这对我有用。/dev/sdbhdparm

答案2

这是 Google 的最佳搜索结果之一

grub-install: error: embedding is not possible, but this is required for RAID and LVM install.

对我来说,修复方法是使用 dd 擦除我的启动磁盘(我试图在 USB 磁盘上安装 GRUB),例如...

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdd bs=1M status=progress

然后创建一个新的分区表,只不过这次比默认晚几个扇区启动......

fdisk /dev/sdd

n (for new partition)

p (for primary partition)

1 (for partition 1)

50000 (for first sector 50,000 vs default 2,480)

写入新分区和分区表后,我运行了 grub-install 程序...

grub-install --force --skip-fs-probe /dev/sdd

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