我正在尝试编写一个由 3 个方程组成的系统,按数字排序,左对齐,带有一个大左括号,并用 进行编译pdflatex
。
到目前为止我尝试了以下subequations
环境empheq
:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{empheq}[left={\empheqlbrace\,}]{align}
& \delta \underline{v}^{T} \int_{\Omega} \left( \D : \underline{\nabla}^{s} \underline{v} \right) \underline{\nabla}^{s} \mathrm{d} \Omega + \int_{\Omega} \left( \underline{a} \, \underline{a}^{T} \right) \underline{\nabla} T \mathrm{d} \Omega + \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla} P \mathrm{d} \Omega - \int_{\Omega} \underline{f}_{b} \mathrm{d} \Omega - \int_{\Gamma} \underline{f}_{s} \mathrm{d} \Gamma \\
& \delta P \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla} \cdot \underline{v} \mathrm{d} \Omega \\
& \delta T \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla}^{s} \underline{v} : \left( \underline{a} \, \underline{a}^{T} \right) \mathrm{d} \Omega
\end{empheq}
\end{subequations}
导致第一个方程太长(我无法减小字体大小)。然后我尝试添加一个split
标签:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{empheq}[left={\empheqlbrace\,}]{align}
& \begin{split} \delta \underline{v}^{T} \int_{\Omega} \left( \D : \underline{\nabla}^{s} \underline{v} \right) \underline{\nabla}^{s} \mathrm{d} \Omega + \int_{\Omega} \left( \underline{a} \, \underline{a}^{T} \right) \underline{\nabla} T \mathrm{d} \Omega + \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla} P \mathrm{d} \Omega \\ - \int_{\Omega} \underline{f}_{b} \mathrm{d} \Omega - \int_{\Gamma} \underline{f}_{s} \mathrm{d} \Gamma \end{split} \\
& \delta P \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla} \cdot \underline{v} \mathrm{d} \Omega \\
& \delta T \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla}^{s} \underline{v} : \left( \underline{a} \, \underline{a}^{T} \right) \mathrm{d} \Omega
\end{empheq}
\end{subequations}
导致第一个方程没有正确对齐。
环境出现相同的对齐问题align
:
\begin{align}
& \begin{split} \delta \underline{v}^{T} \int_{\Omega} \left( \D : \underline{\nabla}^{s} \underline{v} \right) \underline{\nabla}^{s} \mathrm{d} \Omega + \int_{\Omega} \left( \underline{a} \, \underline{a}^{T} \right) \underline{\nabla} T \mathrm{d} \Omega + \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla} P \mathrm{d} \Omega \\ - \int_{\Omega} \underline{f}_{b} \mathrm{d} \Omega - \int_{\Gamma} \underline{f}_{s} \mathrm{d} \Gamma \end{split} \\
& \delta P \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla} \cdot \underline{v} \mathrm{d} \Omega \\
& \delta T \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla}^{s} \underline{v} : \left( \underline{a} \, \underline{a}^{T} \right) \mathrm{d} \Omega
\end{align}
所以它可能与标签有关split
,但在或环境multline
中显然是被禁止的。subequations
align
我怎样才能按我想要的方式格式化这些方程式?
答案1
\D
对此进行大胆猜测\Delta
,这是一种方法。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{cases}
\newcommand{\D}{\Delta}
\begin{document}
\begin{subnumcases}{}
\begin{multlined} \delta \underline{v}^{T} \int_{\Omega} \left( \D : \underline{\nabla}^{s} \underline{v} \right) \underline{\nabla}^{s} \mathrm{d} \Omega + \int_{\Omega} \left( \underline{a} \, \underline{a}^{T} \right) \underline{\nabla} T \mathrm{d} \Omega + \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla} P \mathrm{d} \Omega \\ - \int_{\Omega} \underline{f}_{b} \mathrm{d} \Omega - \int_{\Gamma} \underline{f}_{s} \mathrm{d} \Gamma \end{multlined} \\
\delta P \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla} \cdot \underline{v} \mathrm{d} \Omega \\
\delta T \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla}^{s} \underline{v} : \left( \underline{a} \, \underline{a}^{T} \right) \mathrm{d} \Omega
\end{subnumcases}
\end{document}
答案2
使用aligned
而不是split
。我还简化了代码,并\dd
为具有更好间距的差分符号定义了一个命令。第一个多行方程的方程编号默认垂直居中,但可以通过添加选项与第一行对齐[t]
。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{empheq}
\newcommand\D{{D}}
\newcommand*{\dd}{\mathop{\kern0pt\mathrm{d}}\mkern-2.5mu{}}%
\begin{document}
\begin{subequations}
\begin{empheq}[left={\empheqlbrace\,}]{align}
&\begin{aligned}\delta \underline{v}^{T}\int_{\Omega}( \D : \underline{\nabla}^{s} \underline{v}) \underline{\nabla}^{s} \dd \Omega+ \int_{\Omega} \bigl( \underline{a} \, \underline{a}^{T} \bigr) \underline{\nabla} T \dd \Omega+ \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla} P \dd \Omega \\ - \int_{\Omega} \underline{f}_{b} \dd \Omega - \int_{\Gamma} \underline{f}_{s} \dd \Gamma\end{aligned} \\
& \delta P \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla} \cdot \underline{v} \dd\Omega \\
& \delta T \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla}^{s} \underline{v} : \bigl( \underline{a} \, \underline{a}^{T} \bigr) \dd \Omega
\end{empheq}
\end{subequations}
\end{document}
编辑: 将此代码添加到您的序言中:
\DeclareFontFamily{U}{mathx}{\hyphenchar\font45}
\DeclareFontShape{U}{mathx}{m}{n}{
<-6> mathx5 <6-7> mathx6 <7-8> mathx7
<8-9> mathx8 <9-10> mathx9
<10-12> mathx10 <12-> mathx12
}{}
\DeclareSymbolFont{mathx}{U}{mathx}{m}{n}
\DeclareFontSubstitution{U}{mathx}{m}{n}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\bigboxvoid}{\mathop}{mathx}{"DC}
\DeclareMathAccent{\widebar}{0}{mathx}{"73}
\newcommand\uwidebar[1]{\underaccent{\widebar}{#1}}
\newcommand\D{\uwidebar{\uwidebar{\uwidebar{\uwidebar{D}}}}}
\newcommand\unabla{\uwidebar{\nabla\mkern2mu}\mkern-2mu}
您可以使用中widebar
的命令,我认为这样看起来更好。新的主体代码将是:mathbx
\underaccent
\begin{subequations}
\begin{empheq}[left={\empheqlbrace\,}]{align}
&\begin{aligned}[t]\delta \uwidebar{v}^{T}\int_{\Omega}( \D : \unabla^{s} \uwidebar{v}) \unabla^{s} \dd \Omega+ \int_{\Omega} \bigl( \uwidebar{a} \, \uwidebar{a}^{T} \bigr) \unabla T \dd \Omega+ \int_{\Omega} \unabla P \dd \Omega \\%
- \int_{\Omega} \uwidebar{f}_{b} \dd \Omega - \int_{\Gamma} \uwidebar{f}_{s} \dd \Gamma\end{aligned} \\
& \delta P \int_{\Omega} \unabla \cdot \uwidebar{v} \dd\Omega \\
& \delta T \int_{\Omega} \unabla^{s} \uwidebar{v} : \bigl( \uwidebar{a} \, \uwidebar{a}^{T} \bigr) \dd \Omega
\end{empheq}
\end{subequations}
答案3
像这样?
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{empheq}
\begin{document}
with \verb+multlined+:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{empheq}[left={\empheqlbrace\,}]{align}
& \begin{multlined}[0.75\linewidth]
\delta \underline{v}^{T}
\int_{\Omega} \left( D : \underline{\nabla}^{s} \underline{v} \right) \underline{\nabla}^{s} \mathrm{d} \Omega \\
+ \int_{\Omega} \left( \underline{a} \, \underline{a}^{T} \right) \underline{\nabla} T \mathrm{d} \Omega
+ \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla} P \mathrm{d} \Omega
- \int_{\Omega} \underline{f}_{b} \mathrm{d} \Omega - \int_{\Gamma} \underline{f}_{s} \mathrm{d} \Gamma
\end{multlined} \\
& \delta P \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla} \cdot \underline{v} \mathrm{d} \Omega \\
& \delta T \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla}^{s} \underline{v} : \left( \underline{a} \, \underline{a}^{T} \right) \mathrm{d} \Omega
\end{empheq}
\end{subequations}
with \verb+split+:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{empheq}[left={\empheqlbrace\,}]{align}
\begin{split}
&
\delta \underline{v}^{T}
\int_{\Omega} \left( D??? : \underline{\nabla}^{s} \underline{v} \right) \underline{\nabla}^{s} \mathrm{d} \Omega \\
& + \int_{\Omega} \left( \underline{a} \, \underline{a}^{T} \right) \underline{\nabla} T \mathrm{d} \Omega
+ \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla} P \mathrm{d} \Omega
- \int_{\Omega} \underline{f}_{b} \mathrm{d} \Omega - \int_{\Gamma} \underline{f}_{s} \mathrm{d} \Gamma
\end{split} \\
& \delta P \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla} \cdot \underline{v} \mathrm{d} \Omega \\
& \delta T \int_{\Omega} \underline{\nabla}^{s} \underline{v} : \left( \underline{a} \, \underline{a}^{T} \right) \mathrm{d} \Omega
\end{empheq}
\end{subequations}
\end{document}