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无限方阱势

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无限方阱势

我如何才能画出无限方阱势的完美图像？换句话说，我需要这样的东西。谢谢你的帮助在此处输入图片描述

答案1

我想，要开始使用和喜爱 TikZ，您需要一些示例 =p 这是一个快速草稿；您可能需要调整文本和字体等等。

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}

% #1    x coordinate.
\newcommand{\vandbarrier}[1]{%
    \node at (#1, 1) {\scriptsize $V = \infty$};
    \node[scale = 0.5] at (#1, 0.5) {\textbf{(Barrier)}};%
}

% #1    x coordinate.
\newcommand{\vabove}[1]{%
    \node[anchor = south] at (#1, 2) {\scriptsize $V = \infty$};%
}

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \fill[gray]
        (0, 0) rectangle (1, 2)
        (2, 0) rectangle (3, 2);

    \vandbarrier{0.5}
    \vandbarrier{2.5}
    \vabove{1}
    \vabove{2}
    \node[anchor = north] at (1, 0)   {\scriptsize 0};
    \node[anchor = north] at (2, 0)   {\scriptsize $L$};
    \node[anchor = north] at (3, 0)   {\scriptsize $x$};
    \node[anchor = south] at (1.5, 0) {\scriptsize $V = 0$};

    \draw[<->] (0, 0) to (3, 0);
    \draw[->]  (1, 0) to (1, 2);
    \draw[->]  (2, 0) to (2, 2);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

输出

如果您认为定义我使用的两个命令有点过分，只需复制粘贴定义或其他操作即可。我只是不喜欢复制粘贴东西。我认为这样更容易修改。哦，如果最终在环境中figure，您可以将这两个命令定义放在figure环境本身中，紧跟在 之后\begin，以避免污染全局范围。

答案2

我对量子力学笔记中 Alice 的回答做了一些修改：

具有一些特征函数的无限方阱

\documentclass[tikz, border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{color}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}

\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}

\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}

% #1    x coordinate.
\newcommand{\vandbarrier}[1]{%
    \node at (#1, 1.3) {\scriptsize $V = \infty$};
    %
}

% #1    x coordinate.


\begin{tikzpicture}

    \fill[gray!30]
        (-1, 0) rectangle (0, 2.5)
        (4, 0) rectangle (5, 2.5);

    \vandbarrier{-0.5}
    \vandbarrier{4.5}

    \node[anchor = north] at (0, 0)   {\scriptsize 0};
    \node[anchor = north] at (4, 0)   {\scriptsize $a$};
    \node[anchor = north] at (2, 0)   {\scriptsize $x$};
    \node[anchor = south] at (2, 1) {\scriptsize $V = 0$};
    \node[anchor = north] at (2, 0)   {\scriptsize $x$};
    \node[anchor = north] at (2, 2)   {\scriptsize $\psi_n(x)=\sqrt{\frac{2}{a}}\sin\left(\frac{n\pi}{a}x\right)$};
    \node[anchor = north] at (2, 2.5)   {\scriptsize $E_n(x)=\frac{n^2\pi^2\hbar^2}{2ma^2}$};
    \draw[<->] (-1, 0) to (5, 0);
    \draw[->]  (4, 0) to (4, 2.5);
    \draw[->]  (0, 0) to (0, 2.5);


%Functions

    \draw[red, thick, domain=0:4, samples=200] plot (\x, {sin(180*\x/4)}) ;
    \draw[blue, thick, domain=0:4, samples=200] plot (\x, {sin(360*\x/4)}) ;
    \draw[green, thick, domain=0:4, samples=200] plot (\x, {sin(540*\x/4)})  ;
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

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