我将图表和表格并列放在一起：
\documentclass[format=acmsmall, review=false, screen=true]{acmart}
\usepackage{multicol} % http://ctan.org/pkg/multicols
\usepackage{balance} % to better equalize the last page
\usepackage{graphicx} % for EPS, load graphicx instead
\usepackage{subfig}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\subfloat[]{\includegraphics[width=0.4\columnwidth, keepaspectratio]{OSM_copy.png}\label{OSM}}
\subfloat[]
{
\resizebox{0.5\columnwidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline \rule[-2ex]{0pt}{5.5ex} \bf Location Type & \bf Index & \bf Location Type & \bf Index \\
\hline
\hline \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{5.5ex} Bar & \raisebox{-0.1cm}{\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{index_bar.png}} & Taxi stand & \raisebox{-0.1cm}{\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{index_taxi.png}}\\
\hline \rule[-2ex]{0pt}{5.5ex} Food court & \raisebox{-0.3cm}{\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{index_foodcourt.png}} & Hospital & \raisebox{-0.2cm}{\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{index_hospital.png}} \\
\hline \rule[-2ex]{0pt}{5.5ex} Library & \raisebox{-0.2cm}{\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{index_library.png}} & Pharmacy & \raisebox{-0.2cm}{\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{index_pharmacy.png}} \\
\hline \rule[-2ex]{0pt}{5.5ex} Fuel station & \raisebox{-0.2cm}{\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{index_fuel.png}} & Movie theater & \raisebox{-0.2cm}{\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{index_movie.png}} \\
\hline \rule[-2ex]{0pt}{5.5ex} Parking & \raisebox{-0.1cm}{\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{index_parking.png}} & Public telephone & \raisebox{-0.2cm}{\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{index_phone.png}} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}}
\label{table2}
}
\caption[]{(a) An area in Taipei showing different location types. (b) Some of the location types defined in OSM. }
\label{fig:location}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
这是我得到的输出：
为什么它们不出现在同一个“平面”上？我该如何纠正？
以下是上述代码中使用的图像文件的下载链接： https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B54tuvGDke8pTW1rSU9CWEtrYzQ
答案1
默认的垂直对齐方式tabular（除非另有说明）位于中心，而图像的垂直对齐方式位于基线。这些垂直对齐位置可以看作锚点，如果放置在同一条水平线上，它们会彼此对齐。下面是一个快速演示：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\begin{document}
x
\includegraphics[height=2\baselineskip]{example-image}
x
\begin{tabular}{c} \hline a \\ b \\ c \\ \hline \end{tabular}
x
\begin{tabular}[t]{c} \hline a \\ b \\ c \\ \hline \end{tabular}
x
\begin{tabular}[b]{c} \hline a \\ b \\ c \\ \hline \end{tabular}
x
\adjustbox{valign=t}{\begin{tabular}[b]{c} \hline a \\ b \\ c \\ \hline \end{tabular}}
x
\adjustbox{valign=T}{\begin{tabular}[b]{c} \hline a \\ b \\ c \\ \hline \end{tabular}}
x
\adjustbox{valign=b}{\begin{tabular}[b]{c} \hline a \\ b \\ c \\ \hline \end{tabular}}
x
\adjustbox{valign=B}{\begin{tabular}[b]{c} \hline a \\ b \\ c \\ \hline \end{tabular}}
x
\bigskip\bigskip
x
\includegraphics[height=2\baselineskip,valign=c]{example-image}
x
\begin{tabular}{c} a \\ b \\ c \end{tabular}
x
\end{document}
考虑到上述情况，您可以将图像对齐到其垂直中心（而不是基线），或者将其对齐tabular到其B基线（而不是其垂直中心）以对齐两个图像。
但是，您仍然有两个高度不同的物体，这可能会令人不快。我采用了您的代码并添加了一些功能，包括valign对图像和进行修改tabular，以及使用booktabs。请注意图例中每幅图像都使用了一致的height（子图 (b)）；这为表格各行提供了一致性，而无需猜测合适的scale。
\documentclass[format=acmsmall, review=false, screen=true]{acmart}
\usepackage{subfig,booktabs,makecell}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\subfloat[]
{\includegraphics[width=0.4\columnwidth]{OSM_copy.png}}\quad
\subfloat[]
{\adjustbox{width=0.5\columnwidth,valign=B,raise=2\baselineskip}{%
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}%
\begin{tabular}{ *{4}{c} }
\toprule
\bfseries \makecell[b]{Location \\ type} & \bfseries Index &
\bfseries \makecell[b]{Location \\ type} & \bfseries Index \\
\midrule
Bar & \includegraphics[height=12pt,valign=c]{index_bar.png} &
Taxi stand & \includegraphics[height=12pt,valign=c]{index_taxi.png} \\
Food court & \includegraphics[height=12pt,valign=c]{index_foodcourt.png} &
Hospital & \includegraphics[height=12pt,valign=c]{index_hospital.png} \\
Library & \includegraphics[height=12pt,valign=c]{index_library.png} &
Pharmacy & \includegraphics[height=12pt,valign=c]{index_pharmacy.png} \\
Fuel station & \includegraphics[height=12pt,valign=c]{index_fuel.png} &
Movie theater & \includegraphics[height=12pt,valign=c]{index_movie.png} \\
Parking & \includegraphics[height=12pt,valign=c]{index_parking.png} &
Public telephone & \includegraphics[height=12pt,valign=c]{index_phone.png} \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}}
}
\caption{%
(a) An area in Taipei showing different location types.
(b) Some of the location types defined in OSM.}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
答案2
tabularx这是一个使用环境而不是的解决方案tabular。它还使用包中的一些宏booktabs来为表格材料提供更开放的空间。最后，它使用了subcaption包。（我使用了“demo”选项，因为我无法访问各种图像文件；在实际代码中省略“demo”选项。）
\documentclass[format=acmsmall, review=false, screen=true,
demo]{acmart} % remove 'demo' option in real document
\usepackage{multicol} % Q: Do you really need this package?
\usepackage{balance}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{subcaption} % Load 'subcaption' instead of 'subfig'
\usepackage{tabularx,booktabs,ragged2e}
\renewcommand{\tabularxcolumn}[1]{m{#1}}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\Centering\arraybackslash}X}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\begin{subfigure}[t]{0.42\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth, keepaspectratio]{OSM_copy.png}
\caption{} \label{OSM}
\end{subfigure}%
\hfill% Maximize the distance between the two subfigure environments
\begin{subfigure}[t]{0.55\textwidth}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}Cm{10mm}Cm{10mm}@{}}
Location Type & Index & Location Type & Index \\
\midrule
Bar & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{index_bar.png} &
Taxi stand & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{index_taxi.png}\\
\addlinespace
Food court & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{index_foodcourt.png} &
Hospital & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{index_hospital.png} \\
\addlinespace
Library & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{index_library.png} &
Pharmacy & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{index_pharmacy.png} \\
\addlinespace
Fuel station & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{index_fuel.png} &
Movie theater & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{index_movie.png} \\
\addlinespace
Parking & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{index_parking.png} &
Public telephone & \includegraphics[width=\linewidth,height=\linewidth]{index_phone.png} \\
\end{tabularx}
\caption{} \label{table2}
\end{subfigure}
\caption[]{(a) An area in Taipei showing different location types.
(b) Some of the location types defined in OSM. }
\label{fig:location}
\end{figure}
\end{document}