如何在自己的 TikZ 图表中制作箭头、文字和点

Question

按照@cfr 的建议，我从 0 开始制作 TikZ 图表，并指导我通过其他方法制作几个 pdf 和 TikZ 图表。

这是我的 TikZ LaTex：

\begin{tikzpicture}[
  ell/.style 2 args={
    ellipse,
    minimum width=2.4cm,
    minimum height=1cm,
    draw,
    label={[name=#1]center:#2}
  },
  connection/.style={thick,densely dotted, latex-latex}
]

\node [ell={A}{A },   fill=green!20] (a) at (1.5,1.0) {};
\node [ell={B}{B},   fill=blue!20]  (b) at (1.5,-0.5) {};
\node [ell={C}{C},   fill=blue!20]  (c) at (1.5,-2.0) {};
\node [ell={D}{D},   fill=blue!20]  (d) at (1.5,-3.5) {};
\node [ell={E}{E},   fill=blue!20]  (e) at (1.5,-5.0) {};

\node [ell={F}{F},   fill=blue!20]  (f) at (1.5,-8.0) {};
\node [ell={G}{G},   fill=blue!20]  (g) at (1.5,-9.5) {};
\node [ell={H}{H},   fill=blue!20]  (h) at (1.5,-11.0) {};



\node [ell={I}{I},fill=red!20]   (i) at (9.5, 1.0) {};
\node [ell={J}{J},fill=red!20]   (j) at (9.5,-0.5) {};
\node [ell={K}{K},fill=red!20]   (k) at (9.5,-2.0) {};
\node [ell={L}{L},fill=red!20]   (l) at (9.5,-3.5) {};
\node [ell={M}{M},fill=red!20]   (m) at (9.5,-5.0) {};

\node [ell={N}{N},fill=red!20]   (n) at (9.5,-8.0) {};
\node [ell={O}{O},fill=red!20]   (o) at (9.5,-9.5) {};
\node [ell={P}{P},fill=red!20]   (p) at (9.5,-11.0) {};


\draw [->] (A)->(I);
\draw [->] (K)->(B);
\draw [->] (B)->(L);
\draw [->] (L)->(C);
\draw [->] (E)->(M);


\draw [->] (E)->(M);

\draw [dotted] (E)->(F);
\draw [dotted] (M)->(N);


\draw [->] (G)->(N);
\draw [->] (P)->(H);


\draw [-latex] (i.10) to[bend left] (j.5);
\draw [-latex] (j.10) to[bend left] (k.5);

\draw [-latex] (c.180) to[bend right] (d. -180);
\draw [-latex] (d.180) to[bend right] (e. -180);

\draw [-latex] (f.180) to[bend right] (g. -180);


\draw [-latex] (n.10) to[bend left] (o.5);
\draw [-latex] (o.10) to[bend left] (p.5);



%\draw [-latex] (a.300) to[bend right] (b.150);
\end{tikzpicture}

我尝试在开头写第一行，其中写着“pH1”，另外两行中间带有省略号，并且文本为“rho”，我该如何添加这两行？

再次问候，M

Answer 1

使用tikz库calc、chains和：positioning​quotes

\documentclass[tikz, border=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, chains, positioning, quotes, shapes}


\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[auto=right,
    node distance = 3mm and 18mm,
      start chain = going below,
    mynode/.style = {ellipse, draw, fill=cyan!70,
                     minimum width=12mm, inner sep=1pt,
                     on chain}
                        ]
\foreach \i [count=\j] in {A,B,C,D,E,n,F,G,H}
{
\ifnum\j=6
  \node[on chain] (\i) {$\vdots$}
\else
    \node[mynode] (\i) {\i}
\fi;
}
\node[mynode, right=of A] (I) {I};
\foreach \i [count=\j from 0] in {J,K,L,M,n,N,O,P}
{
\ifnum\j=4
  \node[on chain] (\i) {$\vdots$}
\else
    \node[mynode] (\i) {\i}
\fi;
}
%
\coordinate[above=of $(A)!0.5!(I)$, label=pH1] (in);
%
\draw[-latex]   (in) edge (A)
                (A) edge (I)
                (B) edge (L)
                (K) edge (B)
                (L) edge (C)
                (E) edge (M)
                (M) edge (E)
                (G) edge (N)
                (P) edge (H)
                (C.west) edge [bend right] (D.west)
                (D.west) edge [bend right] (E.west)
                (F.west) edge [bend right] (G.west)
                (I.east) edge [bend left]  (J.east)
                (J.east) edge [bend left]  (K.east)
                (N.east) edge [bend left]  (O.east)
                (O.east)  to  [bend left]  (P.east);
\path (M) to coordinate[pos=0.3] (aux-1) coordinate[pos=0.7] (aux-2) (F);
\draw[-latex]   (M) -- (aux-1)
                (aux-2)-- (F);
\draw[dotted]    (aux-1) to ["rho"] (aux-2);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 2

请不要抱怨节点的颜色。;-)

\documentclass[tikz, border=5]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,calc}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[murmel/.style={shape=ellipse,fill=blue!70!yellow!20!green!40, 
minimum width=2cm,minimum height=0.5cm, draw,inner sep=0pt,align=center,text
width=1.9cm}]
\foreach \i [count=\y] in {A,...,H}
  \node[murmel] (\i) at (0,-\y) { \i};
\foreach \i [count=\y] in {I,...,M}
  \node[murmel] (\i) at (5,-\y) { \i};
\foreach \i [count=\y] in {N,...,P}
  \node[murmel] (\i) at ($(5,-\y)+(0,-6)$) { \i};
\draw[-latex,bend right](C.west) to (D.west);
\draw[-latex,bend right](D.west) to (E.west);
\draw[-latex,bend right](F.west) to (G.west);
\draw[-latex,bend left](I.east) to (J.east);
\draw[-latex,bend left](J.east) to (K.east);
\draw[-latex,bend left](N.east) to (O.east);
\draw[-latex,bend left](O.east) to (P.east);
\draw[-latex](A.east) -- (I.west);
\draw[-latex](K.west) -- (B.east);
\draw[-latex](B.east) -- (L.west);
\draw[-latex](L.west) -- (C.east);
\draw[latex-latex](M.west) -- (E.east);
\draw[-latex](M.west) -- (F.east);
\draw[-latex](G.east) -- (N.west);
\draw[-latex](P.west) -- (H.east);
\draw[ultra thick, dotted](M.south) -- (N.north);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}