在 R 中创建绘图后，我想在我的 Latex 项目中使用它。但绘图前后似乎有很多空白。有人能帮我删除它们吗？对我来说，在 R 中还是通过 Latex 完成并不重要。
问题：
首先是 R 代码
tikz('dataBrakePads.tex', width = 5.75, height = 3)
scatterplot3d(df$width,
df$length,
df$thickness,
pch=16,
color=df$colors,
type="h",
lty.hplot=3,
xlab = xlab,
ylab = ylab,
zlab = zlab)
dev.off()
现在这个 .tex 文件相当长，但由于文件太长，我删除了一些点。这些部分用三个点标记。
% Created by tikzDevice version 0.10.1 on 2018-02-14 19:26:18
% !TEX encoding = UTF-8 Unicode
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=1pt,y=1pt]
\definecolor{fillColor}{RGB}{255,255,255}
\path[use as bounding box,fill=fillColor,fill opacity=0.00] (0,0) rectangle (415.55,216.81);
\begin{scope}
\path[clip] ( 37.20, 61.20) rectangle (378.35,167.61);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{190,190,190}
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.84, 65.14) -- (158.52,102.93);
...
\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 0.80] at ( 40.80,125.88) {22};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\path[clip] ( 37.20, 61.20) rectangle (378.35,167.61);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{0,0,0}
\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base west,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 0.80] at (257.47, 63.30) { 60};
\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base west,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 0.80] at (273.00, 68.70) { 80};
\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base west,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 0.80] at (288.53, 74.10) {100};
\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base west,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 0.80] at (304.05, 79.50) {120};
\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base west,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 0.80] at (319.58, 84.90) {140};
\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base west,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 0.80] at (335.11, 90.30) {160};
\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base west,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 0.80] at (350.63, 95.70) {180};
\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base west,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 0.80] at (366.16,101.10) {200};
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.84, 65.14) --
(245.47, 65.14);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\path[clip] ( 0.00, 0.00) rectangle (415.55,216.81);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{0,0,0}
\node[text=drawColor,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 1.00] at (147.65, 33.60) {Breite in mm};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\path[clip] ( 37.20, 61.20) rectangle (378.35,167.61);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{0,0,0}
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (245.47, 65.14) --
(354.16,102.93);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\path[clip] ( 0.00, 0.00) rectangle (415.55,216.81);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{0,0,0}
\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 1.00] at (393.95,102.93) {Länge in mm};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\path[clip] ( 37.20, 61.20) rectangle (378.35,167.61);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{0,0,0}
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.84, 65.14) --
( 49.84,125.88);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\path[clip] ( 0.00, 0.00) rectangle (415.55,216.81);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{0,0,0}
\node[text=drawColor,rotate= 90.00,anchor=base,inner sep=0pt, outer sep=0pt, scale= 1.00] at ( 16.80, 95.51) {Dicke in mm};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}
\path[clip] ( 37.20, 61.20) rectangle (378.35,167.61);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{0,0,0}
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (158.52,102.93) --
(354.16,102.93);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (158.52,163.67) --
(354.16,163.67);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.84, 65.14) --
(158.52,102.93);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.84,125.88) --
(158.52,163.67);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (158.52,102.93) --
(158.52,163.67);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (354.16,102.93) --
(354.16,163.67);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{139,26,26}
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt ,line join=round,line cap=round] (235.83,152.12) -- (235.83,101.10);
...
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt ,line join=round,line cap=round] (108.53, 80.93) -- (108.53, 70.00);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt ,line join=round,line cap=round] (141.82, 98.78) -- (141.82, 69.62);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{139,26,26}
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt ,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 97.69, 80.66) -- ( 97.69, 66.09);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{16,78,139}
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt ,line join=round,line cap=round] (108.68, 87.55) -- (108.68, 65.68);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{139,26,26}
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt ,line join=round,line cap=round] (101.69, 83.90) -- (101.69, 65.68);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{16,78,139}
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt ,line join=round,line cap=round] (109.57, 74.71) -- (109.57, 65.60);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt ,line join=round,line cap=round] (109.57, 86.86) -- (109.57, 65.60);
\definecolor{fillColor}{RGB}{139,26,26}
\path[fill=fillColor] (235.83,152.12) circle ( 2.25);
...
\path[fill=fillColor] (121.72,106.17) circle ( 2.25);
\path[fill=fillColor] (121.03,107.39) circle ( 2.25);
\definecolor{fillColor}{RGB}{139,26,26}
\path[fill=fillColor] (115.02, 85.40) circle ( 2.25);
\path[fill=fillColor] (117.81, 85.40) circle ( 2.25);
\definecolor{fillColor}{RGB}{16,78,139}
\path[fill=fillColor] (118.93, 87.83) circle ( 2.25);
\path[fill=fillColor] (108.34, 82.23) circle ( 2.25);
\path[fill=fillColor] (108.53, 80.93) circle ( 2.25);
\path[fill=fillColor] (141.82, 98.78) circle ( 2.25);
\definecolor{fillColor}{RGB}{139,26,26}
\path[fill=fillColor] ( 97.69, 80.66) circle ( 2.25);
\definecolor{fillColor}{RGB}{16,78,139}
\path[fill=fillColor] (108.68, 87.55) circle ( 2.25);
\definecolor{fillColor}{RGB}{139,26,26}
\path[fill=fillColor] (101.69, 83.90) circle ( 2.25);
\definecolor{fillColor}{RGB}{16,78,139}
\path[fill=fillColor] (109.57, 74.71) circle ( 2.25);
\path[fill=fillColor] (109.57, 86.86) circle ( 2.25);
\definecolor{drawColor}{RGB}{0,0,0}
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] ( 49.84,125.88) --
(245.47,125.88);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (245.47,125.88) --
(354.16,163.67);
\path[draw=drawColor,line width= 0.4pt,line join=round,line cap=round] (245.47, 65.14) --
(245.47,125.88);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
它包含在另一个 Latex 文件中：
\begin{figure}
\centering
{\input{graphics/dataBrakePads}}
\caption{Systematisierung der Funktionen und Einflüsse auf die Entwicklung des Klassifizierungssystems}
\label{fig:dataBrakePads}
\end{figure}
感谢您思考我的问题。
答案1
这些空白来自 TikZ 代码中分散的几行代码。首先是第二行：
\path[use as bounding box,fill=fillColor,fill opacity=0.00] (0,0) rectangle (415.55,216.81);
关键use as bounding box的意思就是，的边界框tikzpicture由该路径定义，也就是角位于(0,0)和的矩形(415.55,216.81)。
此外，还有多行以 开头的行\path[clip]，其中一些会影响边界框。特别是，有两行（您展示的 TikZ 代码中的 53 和 66）说
\path[clip] ( 0.00, 0.00) rectangle (415.55,216.81);
路径clip与路径不同use as bounding box，它会切断其外部的所有内容。不过看起来似乎不需要任何剪辑，所以您可能可以将它们全部注释掉。如果需要剪辑，请调整矩形的大小。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
This is what your original code looks like:
\medskip
\fbox{\input{fig}}
\bigskip
And this is with all \verb|\path[clip]| and the \verb|\path[use as bounding box, ...]| commented out:
\medskip
\fbox{\input{fig2}}
\end{document}