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表格问题——如何放置跨越多列的标题？

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表格问题——如何放置跨越多列的标题？

我正在处理下表，但第一行未对齐。

我的出口如下

enter image description here

有人能帮我把标题对齐吗？

\documentclass[preprint,12pt,authoryear]{elsarticle}
% !TeX spellcheck = en_US 
\usepackage{multirow} % para las tablas
\usepackage{siunitx}% paquete para manejo de números y unidades
\sisetup{detect-weight, detect-display-math}
\sisetup{detect-inline-weight=math}
% modo de unidades con barra en lugar de fracción de tamaño reducido
\sisetup{mode=text,per-mode=symbol}
\usepackage{booktabs}% para tablas
\usepackage{graphicx}% para gráficos
\usepackage{pgfplots}% para gráficos
\usepackage{pdflscape}% para gráficos
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}% para gráficos
\usetikzlibrary{plotmarks}% para gráficos
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}% para gráficos
\usepgfplotslibrary{patchplots}% para gráficos
\newlength\fwidth% definido en el código de Matlab
\setlength{\fwidth}{0.8\textwidth}% defino valor de parámetro fwidth de gráficos
\usepackage{tikzscale}% para gráficos
\pgfplotsset{plot coordinates/math parser=false}% para gráficos
\usepackage{overpic}% figuras
\usepackage{tikz}% figuras
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.15}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{natbib}
\usepackage{hyperref,url}
\newcounter{bibcount}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd{\@lbibitem}{\item[}{\item[\hfil\stepcounter{bibcount}{\thebibcount.}}{}{}
\setlength{\bibhang}{2\parindent}
\renewcommand\NAT@bibsetup%
[1]{\setlength{\leftmargin}{\bibhang}\setlength{\itemindent}{-\parindent}%
    \setlength{\itemsep}{\bibsep}\setlength{\parsep}{\z@}}
\makeatother
\bibliographystyle{agsm}
\usepackage[margin=2.5cm]{geometry}% setea márgenes de hoja
\usepackage{bicaption}
\usepackage{makecell}
\renewcommand\theadfont{\bfseries}
\renewcommand\theadgape{}
\usepackage[skip=1ex, labelfont=bf]{caption}
\usepackage[skip=0.333\baselineskip]{caption}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\def\UrlFont{\normalfont}
\begin{document}
    \begin{table}[H]
    \centering
    \caption{Chemical properties of differents OS of the world}
    \label{Chemical properties of OS on dry basis}
        \begin{tabular}{l
            *{10}S[table-format=2.0]
        }
        \toprule
        &\multicolumn{6}{l}{\bfseries{Ultimate analysis (wt.\%)}} 
            & \multicolumn{9}{l}{\bfseries{Proximate analysis (wt.\%)}} 
            & \multicolumn{11}{l}{\bfseries{Calorific value (MJkg$^{-1}$)}} \\
        \cmidrule(lr){2-6} \cmidrule(lr){7-9} \cmidrule(lr){10-11}
        {\bfseries{Region}} & {\bfseries{C}}    & {\bfseries{H}}    & 
        {\bfseries{O}}      & {\bfseries{N}}    & {\bfseries{S}}    & 
            {\bfseries{VM}}     & {\bfseries{FC$^\varphi$}}   & 
            {\bfseries{Ash}} & {\bfseries{HHV}} & {\bfseries{LHV}} \\
        \midrule
        Mangrullo $^a$ &  &  & &  &  &  &  &  &  & \\
        (Uruguay) &  &  &  &   &  & &  &  &\\\\
        Huadian$^b$ & 29.2 & 4.3 & * & 0.6 & 4.9 & 39.3 & 3.8 & 56.9 & * & 13.1 \\
        (China) &  &  &  & &  &  & &  &  &\\\\
        Irati$^c$ & 16.5 & 1.8 & * & 0.5 & 4.0 & * & 76.9 & * & * & *\\
        (Brazil) &  &  &  & &  &  & &  &  &\\\\
        Nongan$^b$ & 9.7 & 1.0 & * & 0.32 & 5.7 & 9.7 & 1.6 & 89.3 & * & 2.9\\
        (China) &  &  &  & &  &  & &  &  &\\\\
        Estonia$^d$ & 30.4 & 3.0 & * & 0.1 & 1.6 & 49.6 & 1.1 & 49.3 & 11.9 & 11.\\
        &  &  &  & &  &  & &  &  &\\\\
        Kentucky$^e$ & 10.3 & 1.3 & * & 0.4 & 2.7 & * & * & 83.6 & * & *\\
        (USA) &  &  &  & &  &  & &  &  &\\
        \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}\\\smallskip
    \parbox{0.9\textwidth}{
    \scriptsize.\\VM: volatile matter, FC: Fixed carbon. 
    All these values are expressed in dry basis\\ 
    $\varphi$: Determined by difference: FC= 100\%-VM\%-Ash\%\\
    a-obtained in this work\\
    b-\cite{bai2015thermal}\\ 
    c-\cite{carter1991testing}\\ 
    d-\cite{yoruk2016oxy}\\ 
    e-\cite{carter1985fluidized}\\ 
    {*}: no data reported\\}
\end{table}
\end{document}

答案1

像这样吗？

我的主要建议是使用tabularx环境而不是tabular环境，以确保表格实际上适合文本块。我也会放弃使用加粗在表格的标题中：如果标题设计得很好，就没有必要喊。

还要注意，我已将序言简化为仅包含必要内容；您真的非常需要研究一下您真实文档的序言。

enter image description here

\documentclass[preprint,12pt,authoryear]{elsarticle}

\usepackage{siunitx}
\sisetup{per-mode=symbol}
\usepackage{booktabs}

\usepackage[margin=2.5cm]{geometry} 
\usepackage[skip=0.333\baselineskip]{caption}
\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath}

\usepackage{tabularx}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\setlength\tabcolsep{4pt} % default value is '6pt'
\caption{Chemical properties of different OS of the world}
\label{Chemical properties of OS on dry basis}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}l *{10}{C} @{}}
\toprule
Region
& \multicolumn{5}{>{\hsize=\dimexpr5\hsize+8\tabcolsep\relax}C}{Ultimate analysis} 
& \multicolumn{3}{>{\hsize=\dimexpr3\hsize+4\tabcolsep\relax}C}{Proximate analysis} 
& \multicolumn{2}{>{\hsize=\dimexpr2\hsize+2\tabcolsep\relax}C@{}}{Calorific value} \\
& \multicolumn{5}{c}{(wt. \%)}
& \multicolumn{3}{c}{(wt. \%)}
& \multicolumn{2}{c@{}}{(\si{\mega\joule\per\kilo\gram})}\\
\cmidrule(lr){2-6} \cmidrule(lr){7-9} \cmidrule(l){10-11}
& C & H & O & N & S & VM & FC$^\varphi$ & Ash & HHV & LHV \\
\midrule
Mangrullo$^a$ &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  &  & \\
(Uruguay)\\ \addlinespace
Huadian$^b$ & 29.2 & 4.3 & * & 0.6 & 4.9 & 39.3 & 3.8 & 56.9 & * & 13.1 \\
(China)\\ \addlinespace
Irati$^c$ & 16.5 & 1.8 & * & 0.5 & 4.0 & * & 76.9 & * & * & *\\
(Brazil)\\ \addlinespace
Nongan$^b$ & 9.7 & 1.0 & * & 0.32 & 5.7 & 9.7 & 1.6 & 89.3 & * & 2.9\\
(China)\\ \addlinespace
Estonia$^d$ & 30.4 & 3.0 & * & 0.1 & 1.6 & 49.6 & 1.1 & 49.3 & 11.9 & 11.\\ \addlinespace
Kentucky$^e$ & 10.3 & 1.3 & * & 0.4 & 2.7 & * & * & 83.6 & * & *\\
(USA)\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}

\smallskip\footnotesize
VM: volatile matter, FC: Fixed carbon. 
All values are expressed in dry basis.\\ 
$\varphi$: Determined by difference: 
$\text{FC}=100\%-\text{VM\%}-\text{Ash\%}$.\\
a -obtained in this work\\
b -\cite{bai2015thermal}\\ 
c -\cite{carter1991testing}\\ 
d -\cite{yoruk2016oxy}\\ 
e -\cite{carter1985fluidized}\\ 
{*}: no data reported
\end{table}
\end{document}

答案2

编辑：现在我明白了，在我的答案的第一个版本中，我没有正确理解问题 :-(。但是，我仍然不清楚为什么州名在第二列。如果这样做的原因是为了给其他列腾出更多空间，那么就不能将其括起来\makecell[tl]{<province>\\<state>}，正如我在下面翻新的 mwe 中所假设的那样。现在其中是更正后的列标题和注释：

enter image description here

  • 对于表格，您文档序言中加载的大多数包都不相关。我将它们全部从我的 mwe 序言中删除
  • 目前尚不清楚表格应该是什么样子。我认为，以州名开头的行是多余的（错误的假设，现已纠正）。
  • 由于您有表格注释，我添加threepartable并使用它\note命令

\documentclass[preprint,12pt,authoryear]{elsarticle}
\usepackage[margin=25mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{siunitx}% paquete para manejo de números y unidades
\sisetup{detect-weight,
         detect-display-math,
         detect-inline-weight=math,
         mode=text,
         per-mode=symbol}% modo de unidades con barra en lugar de fracción de tamaño reducido
\usepackage[skip=1ex, labelfont=bf]{caption}
\usepackage{booktabs, makecell, multirow, threeparttable}% para tablas
\renewcommand\theadfont{\bfseries\footnotesize}
\renewcommand\theadgape{}
\setcellgapes{3pt}

\begin{document}
    \begin{table}[ht]
\caption{Chemical properties of differents OS of the world}
\label{Chemical properties of OS on dry basis}
    \centering
    \setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
    \makegapedcells
    \begin{threeparttable}
\begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}
                             l
                        *{10}S[table-format=2.1]
                            @{}}
        \toprule
\thead[l]{Region}
    &   \multicolumn{5}{c}{\thead{Proximate analysis\\ (wt.\%)}}
        &   \multicolumn{3}{c}{\thead{Ultimate analysis\\ (wt.\%)}}
            &   \multicolumn{2}{c}{\thead{Calorific value\\ (MJkg$^{-1}$)}}\\
    \cmidrule(lr){2-6} \cmidrule(lr){7-9} \cmidrule(lr){10-11}
    & {\thead{C}}    & {\thead{H}} & {\thead{O}} & {\thead{N}} & {\thead{S}}
    & {\thead{VM}}   & {\thead{FC$^\varphi$}} & {\thead{Ash}}
    & {\thead{HHV}} & {\thead{LHV}} \\
    \midrule
\makecell[tl]{Mangrullo\tnote{a}\\ (Uruguay)}
    &       &       &     &       &
    &       &       &
    &       &                   \\
\makecell[tl]{Huadian\tnote{b}\\ (China)}
    & 29.2  & 4.3   & {*} & 0.6   & 4.9
    & 39.3  & 3.8 & 56.9
    & {*} & 13.1              \\
\makecell[tl]{Irati\tnote{c}\\ (Brazil)}
    & 16.5  & 1.8   & {*} & 0.5   & 4.0
    & {*} & 76.9  & *
    & {*} & {*} \\
\makecell[tl]{Nongan\tnote{b}\\ (China)}
    & 9.7   & 1.0   & {*} & 0.32  & 5.7
    & 9.7   & 1.6   & 89.3
    & {*} & 2.9              \\
\makecell[tl]{Estonia\tnote{d}}
    & 30.4  & 3.0   & {*} & 0.1   & 1.6
    & 49.6  & 1.1 & 49.3
    & 11.9  & 11.               \\
\makecell[tl]{Kentucky\tnote{e}\\ (USA)}
    & 10.3  & 1.3   & {*} & 0.4   & 2.7
    & {*} & {*} & 83.6
    & {*} & {*} \\
    \bottomrule
\end{tabular*}
\begin{tablenotes}[flushleft]\footnotesize
    \item[]    VM: volatile matter, FC: Fixed carbon.¸All these values are expressed in dry basis
    \item[]$\varphi$:   Determined by difference:
                        $\text{FC} = \SI{100}{\%} - \text{VM}\,\% - \text{Ash}\,\%$
    \item[a] obtained in this work
    \item[b] \cite{bai2015thermal}
    \item[c] \cite{carter1991testing}
    \item[d] \cite{yoruk2016oxy}
    \item[e] \cite{carter1985fluidized}
    \item[*] no data reported
\end{tablenotes}
\end{threeparttable}
    \end{table}

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