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在 TikZ 中绘制循环和边框

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在 TikZ 中绘制循环和边框

我想在 LaTeX 中绘制下面的图片，我认为 TikZ 是个好东西。

在此处输入图片描述

但是，我遇到了多个问题。首先，我如何像图片中那样绘制带有箭头的自循环，以及如何使节点看起来像\bullet？其次，我如何在两组节点周围添加边框？最后，我如何像图片中那样在边框的左侧或顶部写一些东西？

目前，我没有太多，因为我不知道如何继续：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{automata,arrows}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw(0.0, 0.0) node{$E_{1728,w}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

编辑：

接受的答案似乎工作正常，但如果我有这样的场景，其中节点没有任何循环，该怎么办？这是我遇到的最后一个场景，但它有一些奇怪的大小问题：

\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{tikzpicture}[>={[inset=0,length=8,angle'=30,bend]Stealth}, line width=.7pt]
\begin{scope}[shift={(2, 0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c1]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l1){$E_{1728,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(3.3, 0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c2]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l2){$E_{1728,w^3}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c1-tl); % to make a gap above the graphs
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c1-tl) (c2-tr) (l1) (l2) (cheat),
label={left:$\mathcal{G}_\ell(\mathbb{F}_{p^2},0)~~$},
label={above:$\ell=2$}]{};

\begin{scope}[shift={(2, -3.5)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c3]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l3){$E_{0,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(3.3, -3.5)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c4]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l4){$E_{0,w^5}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c3-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c3-tl) (c4-tr) (l3) (l4) (cheat) (l1.west|-l3)
(l2.east|-l4),
label={left:$\mathcal{G}_\ell(\mathbb{F}_{p^2},-p)$},
label={above:$\ell=3$}]{};

\begin{scope}[shift={(2, -7.0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c9]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l9){$E_{0,w^2}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(3.3, -7.0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c10]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l10){$E_{0,w^4}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c9-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c9-tl) (c10-tr) (l9) (l10) (cheat) (l3.west|-l9)
(l4.east|-l10),
label={left:$\mathcal{G}_\ell(\mathbb{F}_{p^2},p)$},
label={above:$\ell=3$}]{};
%TODO: Fix this!

\begin{scope}[shift={(6, 0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c5]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l5){$E_{1728,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(7.3, 0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c6]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l6){$E_{1728,w^3}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c5-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c5-tl) (c6-tr) (l5) (l6) (cheat),
label={above:$\ell\equiv1\pmod4$}]{};

\begin{scope}[shift={(6, -3.5)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c7]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l7){$E_{0,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(7.3, -3.5)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c8]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l8){$E_{0,w^5}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c7-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c7-tl) (c8-tr) (l7) (l8) (cheat)
(l5.west|-l7) (l6.east|-l8),
label={above:$\ell\equiv1\pmod3$}]{};

\begin{scope}[shift={(6, -7.0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c11]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l11){$E_{0,w^2}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(7.3, -7.0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c12]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l12){$E_{0,w^4}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c11-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c11-tl) (c12-tr) (l11) (l12) (cheat)
(l7.west|-l11) (l8.east|-l12),
label={above:$\ell\equiv1\pmod3$}]{};
%TODO: Fix this!

\begin{scope}[shift={(10, 0)}]
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l13){$E_{1728,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(11.3, 0)}]
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l14){$E_{1728,w^3}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c5-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(l13) (l14) (cheat)
(l5.west|-l13) (l6.east|-l14),
label={above:$\ell\equiv3\pmod4$}]{};
%TODO: Fix this!

\begin{scope}[shift={(10, -3.5)}]
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l15){$E_{0,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(11.3, -3.5)}]
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l16){$E_{0,w^5}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c7-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(l15) (l16) (cheat)
(l13.west|-l15) (l14.east|-l16),
label={above:$\ell\equiv2\pmod3$}]{};
%TODO: Fix this!

\begin{scope}[shift={(10, -7.0)}]
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l17){$E_{0,w^2}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(11.3, -7.0)}]
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l18){$E_{0,w^4}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c11-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(l17) (l18) (cheat)
(l15.west|-l17) (l16.east|-l18),
label={above:$\ell\equiv2\pmod3$}]{};
%TODO: Fix this!
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

有什么想法可以解决这些问题吗？

答案1

您正在加载弯曲库，那么为什么不使用它呢？（如果这样做，您需要绘制一个箭头和一个圆圈，否则箭头不会弯曲，请参阅 Zarko 的回答。）并且您想将一些图形和文本节点拟合成某种形状？那么为什么不使用 fit？这里有一个代码，它确定图形的极值并使用它们的位置在它们周围绘制一个框节点。然后可以通过放置这些框节点的标签来轻松实现注释。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{automata,arrows.meta,bending,fit}

\tikzset{mark path extrema/.style = {
    path picture={
      \coordinate (#1-bl) at (path picture bounding box.south west);
      \coordinate (#1-tr) at (path picture bounding box.north east);
      \coordinate (#1-br) at (path picture bounding box.south east);
      \coordinate (#1-tl) at (path picture bounding box.north west);
    }
  }
}


\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[!h!]
\begin{tikzpicture}[>={[inset=0,length=8,angle'=30,bend]Stealth}, line width=.7pt]
\begin{scope}[shift={(2, 0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c1]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l1){$E_{1728,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(3.5, 0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c2]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l2) {$E_{1728,w^2}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c1-tl); % to make a gap above the graphs
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c1-tl) (c2-tr) (l1) (l2) (cheat),
label={left:$\mathcal{G}_\ell(\mathbb{F}_{p^2},0)$},
label={above:$\ell=2$}]{};

\begin{scope}[shift={(2, -3.5)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c3]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below](l3){$E_{0,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(3.5, -3.5)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c4]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l4){$E_{0,w^5}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c3-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c3-tl) (c4-tr) (l3) (l4) (cheat) (l1.west|-l3)
(l2.east|-l4),
label={left:$\mathcal{G}_\ell(\mathbb{F}_{p^2},-p)$},
label={above:$\ell=3$}]{};

\begin{scope}[shift={(6, 0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c5]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l5){$E_{1728,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(7.5, 0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c6]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l6){$E_{1728,w^2}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c5-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c5-tl) (c6-tr) (l5) (l6) (cheat),
label={above:$\ell\equiv1\pmod4$}]{};


\begin{scope}[shift={(6, -3.5)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c7]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l7){$E_{0,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(7.5, -3.5)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c8]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l8){$E_{0,w^5}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c7-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c7-tl) (c8-tr) (l7) (l8) (cheat)
(l5.west|-l7) (l6.east|-l8),
label={above:$\ell\equiv1\pmod3$}]{};

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

编辑：回答你的新问题：您正在拟合不想拟合的节点/坐标。fit=(node1) (node2) ...实际上适合所有节点。但是，例如在

\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c11-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(l17) (l18) (cheat)
(l15.west|-l17) (l16.east|-l18),
label={above:$\ell\equiv2\pmod3$}]{};

您已包含cheat节点，该节点位于其中一个圆圈上方。我cheat水平移动节点，使其位于您真正想要适合的标签上方。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{automata,arrows.meta,bending,fit}

\tikzset{mark path extrema/.style = {
    path picture={
      \coordinate (#1-bl) at (path picture bounding box.south west);
      \coordinate (#1-tr) at (path picture bounding box.north east);
      \coordinate (#1-br) at (path picture bounding box.south east);
      \coordinate (#1-tl) at (path picture bounding box.north west);
    }
  }
}


\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[>={[inset=0,length=8,angle'=30,bend]Stealth}, line width=.7pt]
\begin{scope}[shift={(2, 0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c1]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l1){$E_{1728,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(3.3, 0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c2]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l2){$E_{1728,w^3}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c1-tl); % to make a gap above the graphs
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c1-tl) (c2-tr) (l1) (l2) (cheat),
label={left:$\mathcal{G}_\ell(\mathbb{F}_{p^2},0)~~$},
label={above:$\ell=2$}]{};

\begin{scope}[shift={(2, -3.5)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c3]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l3){$E_{0,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(3.3, -3.5)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c4]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l4){$E_{0,w^5}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c3-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c3-tl) (c4-tr) (l3) (l4) (cheat) (l1.west|-l3)
(l2.east|-l4),
label={left:$\mathcal{G}_\ell(\mathbb{F}_{p^2},-p)$},
label={above:$\ell=3$}]{};

\begin{scope}[shift={(2, -7.0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c9]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l9){$E_{0,w^2}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(3.3, -7.0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c10]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l10){$E_{0,w^4}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c9-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c9-tl) (c10-tr) (l9) (l10) (cheat) (l1.west|-l9)
(l2.east|-l10),
label={left:$\mathcal{G}_\ell(\mathbb{F}_{p^2},p)$},
label={above:$\ell=3$}]{};
%TODO: Fix this!

\begin{scope}[shift={(6, 0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c5]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l5){$E_{1728,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(7.3, 0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c6]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l6){$E_{1728,w^3}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c5-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c5-tl) (c6-tr) (l5) (l6) (cheat),
label={above:$\ell\equiv1\pmod4$}]{};

\begin{scope}[shift={(6, -3.5)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c7]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l7){$E_{0,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(7.3, -3.5)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c8]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l8){$E_{0,w^5}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c7-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c7-tl) (c8-tr) (l7) (l8) (cheat)
(l5.west|-l7) (l6.east|-l8),
label={above:$\ell\equiv1\pmod3$}]{};

\begin{scope}[shift={(6, -7.0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c11]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l11){$E_{0,w^2}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(7.3, -7.0)}]
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm]  (270:0.45) arc (270:70:0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.45cm,mark path extrema=c12]  (0,0) circle (0.45);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (270:0.3) arc (270:60:0.3);
\draw[->,yshift=.3cm]  (0,0) circle (0.3);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l12){$E_{0,w^4}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c11-tl); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(c11-tl) (c12-tr) (l11) (l12) (cheat)
(l5.west|-l11) (l6.east|-l12),
label={above:$\ell\equiv1\pmod3$}]{};

\begin{scope}[shift={(10, 0)}]
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l13){$E_{1728,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(11.3, 0)}]
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l14){$E_{1728,w^3}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c5-tl-|l13); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(l13) (l14) (cheat),
label={above:$\ell\equiv3\pmod4$}]{};
%TODO: Fix this!

\begin{scope}[shift={(10, -3.5)}]
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l15){$E_{0,w}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(11.3, -3.5)}]
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l16){$E_{0,w^5}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c7-tl-|l15); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(l15) (l16) (cheat)
(l13.west|-l15) (l14.east|-l16),
label={above:$\ell\equiv2\pmod3$}]{};

\begin{scope}[shift={(10, -7.0)}]
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l17){$E_{0,w^2}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[shift={(11.3, -7.0)}]
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below] (l18){$E_{0,w^4}$};
\end{scope}
%
\coordinate (cheat) at ([yshift=2mm]c11-tl-|l17); 
\node[draw,rounded corners,fit=(l17) (l18) (cheat)
(l13.west|-l17) (l14.east|-l18),
label={above:$\ell\equiv2\pmod3$}]{};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

请注意，根据本网站的规则，我不应该在现有答案中回答新问题或扩展问题。因此，我恳请您以新的单独问题的形式提出其他请求。

答案2

你可以从这样的事情开始：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{automata,arrows.meta,bending}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>={[inset=0,length=10,angle'=29]Stealth}, line width=.7pt]
\draw[->,yshift=1cm]  (90:1.0) arc (90:-270:1.0);
\draw[->,yshift=.5cm] (90:0.5) arc (90:-270:0.5);
\draw [fill] circle(3pt) node[below]{$E_{1728,w}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案3

在此处输入图片描述

由于我从头开始编写代码，所以图像的顺序和标签不正确，但纠正起来并不困难。

fit圆圈周围的边框由节点使用以下选项绘制tikzlibrary fit：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                bending,
                decorations.markings, % for arrows on circles
                fit, % for borders around circled
                positioning % for positioning nodes
                }
\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb} % for math

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[ht]
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
    node distance = 22mm,
line width = 0.7pt,
decoration = {markings,% for drawing arrow's head on circle
              mark=at position 0.25 with {\arrowreversed{Straight Barb}},
             },
dot/.style = {circle,fill, node contents={},% for node below circle
             },
  F/.style = {draw, rounded corners, % for border around circles
              inner xsep= 12mm, inner ysep=4mm,
              yshift=-3mm,
              node contents={},
             }
                    ]
\node (n11) [dot,label=below:{$E_{1728,w}$}];
\draw[postaction={decorate}]  (n11) + (0,1)     circle (10mm);
\draw[postaction={decorate}]  (n11) + (0,0.5)   circle ( 5mm);
\coordinate[above=21mm of n11] (n10);
%
\node (n12) [dot,label=below:{$E_{1728,w^3}$}, right=of n11];
\draw[postaction={decorate}]  (n12) + (0,1)     circle (10mm);
\draw[postaction={decorate}]  (n12) + (0,0.5)   circle ( 5mm);
%
\node (n13) [F, fit=(n11) (n12) (n10),
             label=$\ell\equiv1 (mod 4)$,
             label=left:{$\mathcal{G}_\ell(\mathbb{F}_{p^2},0)$}];
%%%%
\node (n21) [dot,label=below:{$E_{1728,w}$},
             right=of n11 -| n13.east];
\draw[postaction={decorate}]  (n21) + (0,1)     circle (10mm);
\coordinate[above=21mm of n21] (n20);
%
\node (n22) [dot,label=below:{$E_{1728,w^3}$}, right=of n21];
\draw[postaction={decorate}]  (n22) + (0,1)     circle (10mm);
%
\node (n23) [F, fit=(n21) (n22) (n20),
             label={$\ell=2$}];
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

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