我是硕士生，刚开始接触 LaTeX，前两天想画一张图，但不知道怎么画，我试了很多次。我试着像附图这样画。
这是我尝试过的另一个代码，但这个图表太小了。
\documentclass[a4paper, oneside]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{pgfpicture}
\pgfsetcornersarced{\pgfpoint{5pt}{5pt}}
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpointpolar{340}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{10}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{20}{0.5cm}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{30}{0.4cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{40}{0.3cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{50}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{60}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{70}{1cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{80}{1cm}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{90}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{100}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{110}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{120}{0.5cm}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{130}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{140}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{150}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{160}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{170}{0.5cm}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{180}{0.3cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{290}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{200}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{210}{0.3cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{220}{0.3cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{230}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{240}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{250}{0.5cm}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{260}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{270}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{280}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{290}{0.5cm}}
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{300}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{310}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{320}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{330}{0.5cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{340}{1cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{350}{1cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{360}{1cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{115}{1cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{135}{1cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{145}{1cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{135}{1cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{155}{1cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{165}{1cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{265}{1cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{300}{1cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{315}{1cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{325}{1cm}}
% \pgfpathlineto{\pgfpointpolar{360}{1cm}}
\pgfpathclose
\pgfusepath{stroke}
\begin{tikzpicture}[ thin]
\draw[->] (-3.3,-0.3) -- (-2.1,-0.1);
% \draw (-3.1,-2.2) -- (-2.1,-1.7);
\draw (-3.2,-0.5) -- (-2.1,-0.3);
\draw (-3.1,-0.7) -- (-2.1,-0.5);
%\begin{scope}[thin]
%\draw (-4,0.-3) -- (0,-1);
%\draw (2,0) -- (2,1);
%\end{scope}
\draw (3,0) -- (3,1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{pgfpicture}
%\begin{tikzpicture}[ultra thick]
%\draw (0,0) -- (0,1);
%\begin{scope}[thin]
%\draw (1,0) -- (1,1);
%\draw (2,0) -- (2,1);
%\end{scope}
%\draw (3,0) -- (3,1);
%\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw [thick] (-1,2) % Draws a line
to [out=10,in=190] (1,4)
% to [out=10,in=190] (1,3)
to [out=10,in=90] (6,0)
to [out=-90,in=-30] (-1,2);
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{fig 2.}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
答案1
我只画了第二张图。
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\tikzset {b/.code = {\pgfsetadditionalshadetransform{ \pgftransformshift{\pgfpoint{0 bp } { 0 bp } } \pgftransformrotate{0 } \pgftransformscale{2 } }}}
\pgfdeclarehorizontalshading{a}{150bp}{rgb(0bp)=(1,1,1);
rgb(37.5bp)=(1,1,1);
rgb(45.427829197474885bp)=(0.88,0.88,0.88);
rgb(50bp)=(0.95,0.95,0.95);
rgb(62.5bp)=(0.96,0.96,0.96);
rgb(100bp)=(0.96,0.96,0.96)}
\tikzset{every picture/.style={line width=0.75pt}}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=0.75pt,y=0.75pt,yscale=-1,xscale=1]
\draw (180,111) -- (112,172) ;
\draw [shift={(112,172)}, rotate = 318.26] [color=black] (0,0) .. controls (3.31,-0.3) and (6.95,-1.4) .. (10.93,-3.3)(0,0) .. controls (3.31,0.3) and (6.95,1.4) .. (10.93,3.29) ;
\draw (180,111) -- (180,12) ;
\draw [shift={(180,12.32)}, rotate = 450] [color=black] (0,0) .. controls (3.31,-0.3) and (6.95,-1.4) .. (10.93,-3.29)(0,0) .. controls (3.31,0.3) and (6.95,1.4) .. (10.93,3.29) ;
\draw (180,111.32) -- (315,112) ;
\draw [shift={(315,112)}, rotate = 180.42] [color=black] (0,0) .. controls (3.31,-0.3) and (6.95,-1.4) .. (10.93,-3.29)(0,0) .. controls (3.31,0.3) and (6.95,1.4) .. (10.93,3.29) ;
\path [shading=a,b] (208,68) .. controls (228,58) and (318,48) .. (298,68) .. controls (278,88) and (278,98) .. (298,128) .. controls (318,158) and (228,158) .. (208,128) .. controls (188,98) and (188,78) .. (208,68) ;
\draw (208,68) .. controls (228,58) and (318,48) .. (298,68) .. controls (278,88) and (278,98) .. (298,128) .. controls (318,158) and (228,158) .. (208,128) .. controls (188,98) and (188,78) .. (208,68) ;
\draw (243.5,76.47) -- (289,32.47) ;
\draw [shift={(289,32.47)}, rotate = 495.96] [color=black] (0,0) .. controls (3.31,-0.3) and (6.95,-1.4) .. (10.93,-3.29)(0,0) .. controls (3.31,0.3) and (6.95,1.4) .. (10.93,3.29) ;
\draw [dash pattern={on 0.85pt off 2.50pt}] (204,113) -- (244,77) ;
\draw (163,150) -- (200,117);
\draw (181,171) -- (217.6,138) ;
\draw (171,161) -- (208,128) ;
\draw [dash pattern={on 0.84pt off 2.51pt}] (224,133.2) -- (264,96) ;
\draw (263.5,96.47) -- (309,52.47) ;
\draw [shift={(309,53)}, rotate = 496] [color=black] (0,0) .. controls (3.31,-0.3) and (6.95,-1.4) .. (10.93,-3.29)(0,0) .. controls (3.31,0.3) and (6.95,1.4) .. (10.93,3.29) ;
\draw [dash pattern={on 0.84pt off 2.51pt}] (214.6,123.19) -- (254.5,86.47) ;
\draw (254.5,86) -- (300,42) ;
\draw [shift={(300,43)}, rotate = 496] [color=black] (0,0) .. controls (3.31,-0.3) and (6.95,-1.4) .. (10.93,-3.29)(0,0) .. controls (3.31,0.3) and (6.95,1.4) .. (10.93,3.29) ;
\draw (199,74) -- (200,6.46) ;
\draw [shift={(200,6.46)}, rotate = 450.85] [color=black] (0,0) .. controls (3.31,-0.3) and (6.95,-1.4) .. (11,-3.29)(0,0) .. controls (3.31,0.3) and (6.95,1.4) .. (10.93,3.29) ;
\draw (199,74) -- (233,47) ;
\draw [shift={(233,47)}, rotate = 500] [color=black ] (0,0) .. controls (3.31,-0.3) and (6.95,-1.4) .. (10.93,-3.29)(0,0) .. controls (3.31,0.3) and (6.95,1.4) .. (10.93,3.29) ;
\draw (135,170) node [scale=0.8] {$x$};
\draw (331,116) node [scale=0.8] {$y$};
\draw (166,28) node [scale=0.8] {$z$};
\draw (306,150) node [scale=0.8] {$C$};
\draw (315,37) node [color=black ,opacity=0.7] {$I$};
\draw (210,29) node [scale=0.8] {$\mathbf{B}$};
\draw (246,43) node [scale=0.8] {d$\overline{r}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
所有这些\pgfpathlineto坐标等在原则上都是可行的，但只有当您想要发明新的装饰等时才真正有用。但是，如果您想制作一些类似 3D 的图片，我建议您使用 tikz-3dplot。这里有两个简单的例子，希望它们足够简单和不言自明，以便您可以根据需要进行调整。
\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\begin{document}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{70}{110}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2.0, line cap=round, line join=round, >=latex,tdplot_main_coords]
\draw[->] (0,0,0) -- (3,0,0)node[below]{$x$};
\draw[->] (0,0,0) -- (0,3,0)node[below]{$y$};
\draw[->] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,3)node[left]{$z$};
\draw [fill] (0,0,0) circle (0.5pt) node[below]{0};
\draw[thick] (0,0,1) to[out=80,in=165] (1,1,2) coordinate(X) to[out=-15,in=150] (1,2.5,1);
\draw[->] (0,0,0) -- (X) node[midway,right]{$\vec r$};
\draw[->] (X) --++(0.1,0.4,0.) node[above] {d$\vec r$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2.0, line cap=round, line join=round, >=Triangle,tdplot_main_coords]
\draw[-latex] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,3)node[left]{$B$};
\foreach \X in {1,2,3}
\draw[very thick,->] (1,{0.5*\X},0) -- ++(0,1,3);
\begin{scope}
\clip plot [smooth cycle] coordinates {(0,0,1) (1,2,2) (1,2.5,1)
(0.1,2,0.2)};
\fill[white] plot [smooth cycle] coordinates {(0,0,1) (0,1,1) (1,2.5,0.8)
(0.1,2,0)};
\end{scope}
\draw[thick] plot [smooth cycle] coordinates {(0,0,1) (1,2,2) (1,2.5,1)
(0.1,2,0.2)};
\node at (1,2.6,0.5) {$C$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}