将 tikzpicture 的不同组件缩放在一起。

Question 1

建立一个框架，以便能够将集成的 tikz 绘图处理到文本文档中；在我看来，将所有 tikz 绘图放在一个单独的文档中，使用standalone class，将画布剪切为占据绘图的大小并具有一定的边框，是一种很好的做法；这允许将图像导入已经处理过的主文档中，从而减少了主文档的编译时间，而不会丢失任何类型的 svg 绘图属性，如果您使用 pdf 格式，该属性将会保留。

，还graphicx package可以在 tikzpicture 环境中使用，并将导入的图像作为节点放置；在文档类型环境中，例如示例中的 IEEEtran 类型，因此我展示了一个示例，要求您在同一个文件夹中创建三个 tex 文件，或者您可以为 tikz 图纸创建一个文件夹，但您应该在 includegraphics 宏中包含该目录。\includegraphics[modifier1,modifier2,..etc]{folder_name/pdf_tex_output_file.pdf}，MWE 分三个步骤进行解释。

梅威瑟：

创建一个名为的文件Matrix-01.tex，其中包含将要修改的图形的 tikz latex 代码。文档类是独立的，边框 =14pt；tikz 代码如下（优化和压缩您的代码）。

\documentclass[tikz,border=14pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}  
\usetikzlibrary{fit,matrix,shapes,arrows}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
        %Global config
        >=latex,
        line width=1pt
    ]

    \matrix[% General option for all nodes
        matrix of math nodes,
        text height=2.5ex,
        text depth=0.75ex,
        text width=3.25ex,
        align=center,
        line width=1pt,
        column sep=-1pt,
        nodes={draw, fill=black!10},
        column 1/.style={% Style option for column 1
            rectangle,
            nodes={draw, fill=white}
        },
        row 6 column 1/.style={% Style option for row 6 column 1
            rectangle,
            red,
            text width=8ex,
            nodes={draw, fill=white}
        },
    ] at (0,0) (M1){ % Macrix contents  
    % PSD: n1 & [horizontal separation between nodes] & t_2 ... could be n1 & [separation] t_2 & t_3 ...
    n1 &[30pt,between borders] t_2 & t_3 & t_6\\ [5pt] % \\[separation]
    n2 & t_1 & t_3 & t_4\\ [5pt]
    n3 & t_1 & t_2 & t_3\\ [5pt]
    n4 & t_3 & t_4 & t_5\\ [5pt]
    n5 & t_1 & t_3 & \\ [35pt]
    Space & t_1 & t_2 & t_3 & t_4 & t_5 & t_6\\
    };

    \node[
        draw,
        red,
        dashed,
        rounded corners,
        inner sep=10pt,
        line width=1pt,
        fit=(M1-5-2)(M1-1-4) % Nice option
    ](node1){};
    \foreach \i in {1,...,5}{
        \draw[->] (M1-\i-1.east) -- (M1-\i-2.west);
    }
    \draw[->,red] (M1-6-1.east) -- (M1-6-2.west);
    \draw[->,red] (node1) to[out=-90,in=90] (M1-6-5.north);

    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

结果：正如您在编译 tex 文件之前获得的输出文件中看到的Matrix-01.pdf，画布被裁剪了！

创建第二个文件Matrix-02.tex，其中包含 tikz 代码和包 graphicx，这里完成了您想要的操作，Matrix-01.tex使用 tikz 中的标准节点定义将输出的 pdf 文件作为节点导入，但使用 graphicx 包，放置文本：\node[inner sep=0pt] (FIG1) at (0,0) {\includegraphics[scale=1]{Matrix-01.pdf}};；正如您在结果和代码中所看到的，使用了修饰符 scale 和 angle；背景库用于演示不影响矢量工作和透明度。

\documentclass[tikz,border=0pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}  
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usetikzlibrary{fit,matrix,shapes,arrows,backgrounds,positioning}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
        background rectangle/.style={% Background style
            rectangle, 
            rounded corners,
            shade,
            opacity=0.8,
            top color=black!3,
            bottom color=black!30,
            draw=black!40!black!60,
            },
        show background rectangle,
        %Global config
        >=latex,
        line width=1pt
    ]

    \node[inner sep=0pt] (FIG1) at (0,0) {\includegraphics[scale=1]{Matrix-01.pdf}};
    \draw (FIG1)++(0,-4) node[font=\bf]{Imported scale =1}; 
    \node[inner sep=0pt] (FIG2) at (6,1) {\includegraphics[scale=0.7]{Matrix-01.pdf}};
    \draw (FIG2)++(0,-3) node[font=\bf]{Imported scale =0.7}; 
    \node[inner sep=0pt] (FIG3) at (6,-5) {\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{Matrix-01.pdf}};
    \draw (FIG3)++(0,-2.5) node[font=\bf]{Imported scale =0.5}; 
    \node[inner sep=0pt] (FIG3) at (0,-5.5) {\includegraphics[scale=0.25,angle=45]{Matrix-01.pdf}};
    \draw (FIG3)++(0,-2) node[font=\bf, align=center]{Imported scale =0.25 and \\ rotate 45 degrees}; 


    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

结果：输出文件Matrix-02.pdf，，border 0pt您可以看到画布被裁剪，没有边框。

最后，将这些元素包含在文档类型 IEEEtran 中的代码，图形也使用 pdf 格式包含在内，现在如果在环境图中，其中 includegrapics 宏使用宽度修改器来改变图像的宽度而不会丢失纵横比。\includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{Matrix-01.pdf}

% arara: pdflatex: {synctex: yes, action: nonstopmode}
% arara: bibtex
% arara: bibtex
% arara: pdflatex: {synctex: yes, action: nonstopmode}
% arara: pdflatex: {synctex: yes, action: nonstopmode}

\documentclass[conference,letterpaper]{IEEEtran}
\usepackage[letterpaper, left=1in, right=1in, bottom=1in, top=0.75in]{geometry}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % input encoding for interpreter
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{newtxtext}
\usepackage{multicol}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{xcolor} % Allows the definition of hex colors
\usepackage{colortbl} % colors library.
\definecolor{klein}{HTML}{002fa7} % Klein blue
\usepackage[hyphens,spaces,obeyspaces]{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks=True,citecolor=red,urlcolor=klein]{hyperref}% For Hyperlinks

\usepackage[all]{hypcap}
%\usepackage{natbib} %Is not compatible with IEEEtran %Try using plainnat
% Enables to cite using author names  commands \citet \citep
\usepackage{lipsum}

\title{IEEEtran Conference Mode}
\author{\IEEEauthorblockN{Foo Bar}
    \IEEEauthorblockA{School of Electrical and\\
        Computer Engineering\\
        Foo Institute of Technology\\
        Foo, Bar 454545--4545\\
        Email: [email protected]}
    \and
    \IEEEauthorblockN{Homer Simpson}
    \IEEEauthorblockA{Twentieth Century Fox\\
        Springfield, USA\\
        Email: [email protected]}
    \and
    \IEEEauthorblockN{Foo Bar\\
        and Bar Foo}
    \IEEEauthorblockA{Foo Academy\\
        San Francisco, California 45454-4545\\
        Telephone: (800) 454--4545\\
        Fax: (888) 454--4545}}
    \IEEEspecialpapernotice{(Testing Paper)}

\begin{document}

\maketitle
    \begin{abstract}
            \lipsum[1]
    \end{abstract}

    \begin{IEEEkeywords}
            Broad band networks, quality of service, WDM.
    \end{IEEEkeywords}
    \vspace{2\baselineskip}
    \IEEEraisesectionheading{\section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}}
    \IEEEPARstart{S}{ome} author \cite{cultLIBRE}, another author or reference\cite{cisco}. some text that is used to complete\footnote{\lipsum[5]} a line.\\
    \lipsum[1-2]
    \begin{figure}[h!]
        \centering
        \noindent\includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{Matrix-01.pdf}
        \caption{Pdf exported from Matrix-01.tex tikz code in standalone mode.}
        \label{example1}
    \end{figure}
    \vspace{3\baselineskip}
    \IEEEraisesectionheading{\section{MORE TEXT}\label{sec:MORETEXT}}
    \lipsum[3-4]
    \begin{figure}[h!]
        \centering
        \noindent\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{Matrix-02.pdf}
        \caption{Pdf exported from Matrix-02.tex tikz code in standalone mode border 0, with background and some imported draws from Matrix-01}
        \label{example2}
    \end{figure}

    \lipsum[6]
    \begin{figure}[h!]
        \centering
        \noindent\includegraphics[width=0.5\columnwidth]{Matrix-02.pdf}
        \caption{PIdem but with 0.5 column width}
        \label{example3}
    \end{figure}
    \lipsum[7-8]
    \bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}

    \bibliography{references}

\end{document}

注意：要正确编译此文件，您需要创建具有以下内容的文件 references.bib：

@article{cultLIBRE,
  author = { Lessig, Lawrence },
  title = {{Free Culture: How Big Media uses Technology and the Law to lock down Culture
  and control Creativity}},
  journal ={ Versión en Español, por LOM Ediciones},
  year = {2005},
  numpages ={270},
  url = {https://www.derechosdigitales.org/culturalibre/cultura_libre.pdf},
  pages={31-209},
  Abstract={Todo sobre la cultura libre},
  language = {spanish}}

@Report{cisco,
    title = {{Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, 2016–2021 White Paper}},
    year  = {2017},
    date  = {2017-03-28},
    url  = {https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/mobile-white-paper-c11-520862.html}}

结果：

Answer