问题描述 当路径中包含希伯来语时，无法导出为 PDF（和其他格式）。
在装有 LyX 2.3 的 Ubuntu 16.04 上我收到以下错误消息：
在装有 LyX 2.2.3 的 Ubuntu 18.04 上我收到此错误消息：
This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.19 (TeX Live 2018) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2018.6.12) 12 JUN 2018 23:20
entering extended mode
restricted \write18 enabled.
%&-line parsing enabled.
**______.tex
(./______.tex
LaTeX2e <2018-04-01> patch level 5
(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
Document Class: article 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo
File: size10.clo 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX file (size option)
)
\c@part=\count80
\c@section=\count81
\c@subsection=\count82
\c@subsubsection=\count83
\c@paragraph=\count84
\c@subparagraph=\count85
\c@figure=\count86
\c@table=\count87
\abovecaptionskip=\skip41
\belowcaptionskip=\skip42
\bibindent=\dimen102
) (/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/fontenc.sty
Package: fontenc 2017/04/05 v2.0i Standard LaTeX package
(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/t1enc.def
File: t1enc.def 2017/04/05 v2.0i Standard LaTeX file
LaTeX Font Info: Redeclaring font encoding T1 on input line 48.
)) (/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/inputenc.sty
Package: inputenc 2018/04/06 v1.3b Input encoding file
\inpenc@prehook=\toks14
\inpenc@posthook=\toks15
(/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/tex/generic/ivritex/cp1255.def
File: cp1255.def 2001/07/22 v1.1a Hebrew input encoding file
)) (/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/theorem.sty
Package: theorem 2014/10/28 v2.2c Theorem extension package (FMi)
\theorem@style=\toks16
\theorem@bodyfont=\toks17
\theorempreskipamount=\skip43
\theorempostskipamount=\skip44
(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/latex/tools/thp.sty
File: thp.sty 2014/10/28 v2.2c Theorem extension package (FMi)
))
\c@theorem=\count88
(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel.sty
Package: babel 2018/06/05 3.22 The Babel package
(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/switch.def
File: switch.def 2018/06/05 3.22 Babel switching mechanism
)
! Undefined control sequence.
<argument> \heblamed
l.426 {}}
%
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.
! Undefined control sequence.
<argument> \hebhet
l.426 {}}
%
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.
(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel-english/english.ldf
Language: english 2017/06/06 v3.3r English support from the babel system
(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/babel.def
File: babel.def 2018/06/05 3.22 Babel common definitions
\babel@savecnt=\count89
\U@D=\dimen103
(/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/tex/generic/babel/txtbabel.def)
\bbl@dirlevel=\count90
)
\l@canadian = a dialect from \language\l@american
\l@australian = a dialect from \language\l@british
\l@newzealand = a dialect from \language\l@british
! Undefined control sequence.
<argument> \heblamed
l.191 \ldf@finish\CurrentOption
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.
! Undefined control sequence.
<argument> \hebhet
l.191 \ldf@finish\CurrentOption
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.
) (/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/tex/generic/ivritex/rlbabel.def
File: rlbabel.def 2002/12/26 v2.3f Right-to-Left support from the babel system
Hebrew language support from the babel system
) (/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/tex/generic/ivritex/hebrew.ldf
File: hebrew.ldf 2002/12/26 v2.3f Hebrew language definition from the babel sys
tem Hebrew language support from the babel system
Package babel Warning: No hyphenation patterns were preloaded for
(babel) the language `Hebrew' into the format.
(babel) Please, configure your TeX system to add them and
(babel) rebuild the format. Now I will use the patterns
(babel) preloaded for english instead on input line 71.
\l@hebrew = a dialect from \language0
! Undefined control sequence.
<argument> \heblamed
l.331 \ldf@finish{hebrew}
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.
! Undefined control sequence.
<argument> \hebhet
l.331 \ldf@finish{hebrew}
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.
)) (/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/tex/generic/ivritex/lheenc.def
File: lheenc.def 1998/01/07 v1.1a 7-bit Hebrew font encoding (test version: sti
ll liable to change)
Now handling font encoding LHE ...
! Undefined control sequence.
<argument> \heblamed
l.69 \DeclareFontEncoding{LHE}{}{}
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.
! Undefined control sequence.
<argument> \hebhet
l.69 \DeclareFontEncoding{LHE}{}{}
The control sequence at the end of the top line
of your error message was never \def'ed. If you have
misspelled it (e.g., `\hobx'), type `I' and the correct
spelling (e.g., `I\hbox'). Otherwise just continue,
and I'll forget about whatever was undefined.
... no UTF-8 mapping file for font encoding LHE
)
! LaTeX Error: Command \heblamed unavailable in encoding T1.
See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type H <return> for immediate help.
...
l.29 \begin{document}
Your command was ignored.
Type I <command> <return> to replace it with another command,
or <return> to continue without it.
! LaTeX Error: Command \hebhet unavailable in encoding T1.
See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type H <return> for immediate help.
...
l.29 \begin{document}
Your command was ignored.
Type I <command> <return> to replace it with another command,
or <return> to continue without it.
! LaTeX Error: Missing \begin{document}.
See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type H <return> for immediate help.
...
l.29 \begin{document}
You're in trouble here. Try typing <return> to proceed.
If that doesn't work, type X <return> to quit.
No file ______.aux.
\openout1 = `______.aux'.
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OML/cmm/m/it on input line 29.
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 29.
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for T1/cmr/m/n on input line 29.
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 29.
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OT1/cmr/m/n on input line 29.
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 29.
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OMS/cmsy/m/n on input line 29.
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 29.
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for OMX/cmex/m/n on input line 29.
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 29.
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for U/cmr/m/n on input line 29.
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 29.
LaTeX Font Info: Checking defaults for LHE/cmr/m/n on input line 29.
LaTeX Font Info: Try loading font information for LHE+cmr on input line 29.
(/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/tex/generic/ivritex/lhecmr.fd
File: lhecmr.fd 1998/01/07 v1.1a Hebrew default font (test version: still liabl
e to change)
)
LaTeX Font Info: ... okay on input line 29.
[1
{/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-var/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}] (./____
__.aux) )
Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
1295 strings out of 492646
15505 string characters out of 6129548
80899 words of memory out of 5000000
5217 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
4623 words of font info for 16 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000
1141 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
25i,4n,23p,187b,115s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s
</home/yitzchak/.texlive2018/texmf-var/fonts/pk/ljfour/hebrew/jerus10
.600pk>{/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/fonts/enc/dvips/cm-super/cm-super-t1
.enc}</usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/cm-super/sfrm1000.p
fb>
Output written on ______.pdf (1 page, 13739 bytes).
PDF statistics:
23 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607)
12 compressed objects within 1 object stream
0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000)
1 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000)
最小示例文件，名为א.lyx：
#LyX 2.2 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
\lyxformat 508
\begin_document
\begin_header
\save_transient_properties true
\origin unavailable
\textclass heb-article
\use_default_options true
\maintain_unincluded_children false
\language hebrew
\language_package default
\inputencoding cp1255
\fontencoding global
\font_roman "default" "default"
\font_sans "default" "default"
\font_typewriter "default" "default"
\font_math "auto" "auto"
\font_default_family default
\use_non_tex_fonts false
\font_sc false
\font_osf false
\font_sf_scale 100 100
\font_tt_scale 100 100
\graphics default
\default_output_format default
\output_sync 0
\bibtex_command default
\index_command default
\paperfontsize default
\spacing single
\use_hyperref false
\papersize default
\use_geometry false
\use_package amsmath 1
\use_package amssymb 1
\use_package cancel 1
\use_package esint 1
\use_package mathdots 1
\use_package mathtools 1
\use_package mhchem 1
\use_package stackrel 1
\use_package stmaryrd 1
\use_package undertilde 1
\cite_engine basic
\cite_engine_type default
\biblio_style plain
\use_bibtopic false
\use_indices false
\paperorientation portrait
\suppress_date false
\justification true
\use_refstyle 1
\index Index
\shortcut idx
\color #008000
\end_index
\secnumdepth 3
\tocdepth 3
\paragraph_separation indent
\paragraph_indentation default
\quotes_language english
\papercolumns 1
\papersides 1
\paperpagestyle default
\tracking_changes false
\output_changes false
\html_math_output 0
\html_css_as_file 0
\html_be_strict false
\end_header
\begin_body
\begin_layout Standard
א
\end_layout
\end_body
\end_document
重现步骤：
安装：
git clone https://github.com/scottkosty/install-tl-ubuntu.git
cd install-tl-ubuntu
sudo sudo ./install-tl-ubuntu --hebrew
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:lyx-devel/release
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install lyx
LyX 应用程序和文档设置：
Tools->Prefrences->Keyboard/Mouse:
Set Hebrew keyboard map
Document->Settings->Document Class:
Set Hebrew Article as the document class
Document->Settings->Fonts:
*Do not* check "Use non-Tex fonts (via XeTeX/LuaTex) and leave everything on default
Document->Settings->Language:
Language: Hebrew
Encoding: Unicode (ucs-extended)(utf8x) OR Hebrew (CP 1255)
创建并导出文件：
Create a file such as ~/Desktop/א/א.lyx (Or you can use the above example file)
Close LyX
Open LyX again and open that file.
Attempt to export or preview using pdflatex