如何让表格里的数字变大？

Question 1

我建议不要使用scriptsize，lscape而是使用sidewaystable。

您可以使用填充宽度tabular*。

无论如何，将表格从 Excel 转换为 LaTeX 需要一些手工操作。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[left=1.0in, right=1.0in, top=1.0in, bottom=1.0in]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{caption}

\begin{document}

\begin{sidewaystable}
\centering

\captionsetup{singlelinecheck=off}

\caption[This is a test table]{This is a test table}

\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\footnotesize
  This table reports estimates from the following panel regression model:
  \begin{equation*}
  \begin{split}
  A_{ijt}&=\alpha_0+\beta_{1}\times B_{ijt} \times C_{j}+\beta_{2} \times
    D_{it}+\beta_{3} \times E_{jt} \times F_{j} \\
  &\qquad+ \beta_{4} \times G_{ijt} \times H_{j} + 
    \beta_{5} \times I_{ijt} \times J_{j} +           
    \phi_{j}+\gamma_{t}+\varepsilon_{ijt}
  \end{split}
  \end{equation*}
  A big caption goes here describing all the variables
\end{minipage}

\medskip

\small
\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}l*{12}{c}}
\toprule
  & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
\midrule
  & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y \\
  & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari \\
\midrule
A   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
B   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
C   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
D   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
E   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
F   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
G   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
H   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
I   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
N   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
AR  & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-5} \cmidrule(lr){6-9} \cmidrule(l){10-13}
XYZ
    & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Some text}
    & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Some text}
    & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Some text} \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular*}

\end{sidewaystable}

\end{document}

Answer

我建议不要使用scriptsize，lscape而是使用sidewaystable。

您可以使用填充宽度tabular*。

无论如何，将表格从 Excel 转换为 LaTeX 需要一些手工操作。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[left=1.0in, right=1.0in, top=1.0in, bottom=1.0in]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{caption}

\begin{document}

\begin{sidewaystable}
\centering

\captionsetup{singlelinecheck=off}

\caption[This is a test table]{This is a test table}

\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\footnotesize
  This table reports estimates from the following panel regression model:
  \begin{equation*}
  \begin{split}
  A_{ijt}&=\alpha_0+\beta_{1}\times B_{ijt} \times C_{j}+\beta_{2} \times
    D_{it}+\beta_{3} \times E_{jt} \times F_{j} \\
  &\qquad+ \beta_{4} \times G_{ijt} \times H_{j} + 
    \beta_{5} \times I_{ijt} \times J_{j} +           
    \phi_{j}+\gamma_{t}+\varepsilon_{ijt}
  \end{split}
  \end{equation*}
  A big caption goes here describing all the variables
\end{minipage}

\medskip

\small
\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}l*{12}{c}}
\toprule
  & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
\midrule
  & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y & Y \\
  & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari & Vari \\
\midrule
A   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
B   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
C   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
D   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
E   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
F   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
G   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
H   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
I   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
    & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
N   & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\midrule
AR  & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-5} \cmidrule(lr){6-9} \cmidrule(l){10-13}
XYZ
    & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Some text}
    & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Some text}
    & \multicolumn{4}{c}{Some text} \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular*}

\end{sidewaystable}

\end{document}

Question 2

（在 OP 提供了更具代表性的数字和表格的其他单元格后更新了答案）

没有必要诉诸\resizebox。由于您的 12 个数据列标题非常宽（并且似乎没有明显的换行点），因此有必要将表格材料的主体从切换\scriptsize到。\tiny

如果您使用包的线条绘制宏booktabs，请不要使用垂直线。没有例外。无论如何，表格中几乎不需要垂直线。真的。

请注意，在论证中塞入大量材料是没有必要的，甚至不是一个好主意\caption。这些材料大部分是图例，而不是标题。

如果所有数字都按小数点对齐，数字数据材料的可读性和可理解性将会增强。

最后但同样重要的一点是，您还应该努力从序言中删除多余的内容。在下面的代码中，我尝试开始。您一定要确定哪些包在您的文档中根本没有使用 - 因此不应该从一开始就加载。

\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article} % or 'letterpaper', as appropriate
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage{layout}
\usepackage{footnote}
%%\usepackage{epstopdf}  % shouldn't be needed
%%\usepackage{lscape}    % don't load both 'pdflscape' and 'lscape'
\usepackage{rotating}
%\usepackage{subfigure}  % deprecated -- don't use!
%\usepackage{graphicx}   % is loaded by 'rotating' package 
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{setspace}
%%\usepackage{amsfonts}  % is loaded automatically by 'amssymb' package
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{longtable}
%\usepackage{color}      % don't load since 'xcolor' is already loaded
\usepackage{natbib}
%%\usepackage{setspace}  % don't load a package more than once
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{adjustbox}
\usepackage[normalem]{ulem}
\usepackage{xr}
%%\usepackage{longtable} % don't load a package more than once
\usepackage{array} 

\usepackage{dcolumn}
\newcolumntype{d}[1]{D..{#1}}

\newcommand\vn[1]{\mathrm{#1}}  % "variable name"
\newcommand\mc[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{#1}} % handy shortcut macro

\usepackage{hyperref}    % be sure to load this package **last**

\begin{document}

\begin{sidewaystable}
\scriptsize
\setlength\tabcolsep{0pt} % make LaTeX figure out intercolumn space    
\captionsetup{singlelinecheck=off,
              font=scriptsize, textfont=bf,
              skip=0.5\baselineskip}
\caption{This is a test table}

This table reports estimates from the following panel regression model:
\begin{equation*}
\begin{split}
\vn{ABCD\textsuperscript{xyz}Firm}_{ijt}
&=\alpha_0+\beta_{1}\times \vn{FirmSize}_{ijt} 
          +\beta_{2}\times \vn{FirmAge}_{it}
          +\beta_{3}\times \vn{Profit}_{jt}   \times \vn{FirmSize}_{j} \\
&\quad    +\beta_{4}\times \vn{FirmAge}_{ijt} \times \vn{Profits}_{j} 
          +\beta_{5}\times \vn{Market}_{ijt}  \times \vn{Profits}_{j} 
          +\phi_{j}+\gamma_{t}+\varepsilon_{ijt}
\end{split}
\end{equation*}
A big legend (9 lines of text) goes here describing all the variables. 

\smallskip
\tiny
\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}}
    l*{12}{d{2.5}}}
\toprule
\multicolumn{7}{l}{\textbf{Panel A: Some text here}} \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-5} \cmidrule(lr){6-9} \cmidrule(l){10-13}
& 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\
\addlinespace %\midrule
& \mc{ABCD\textsuperscript{xyz}Firm} 
& \mc{ABCD\textsuperscript{xyz}Firm} 
& \mc{ABCD\textsuperscript{xyz}Firm} 
& \mc{ABCD\textsuperscript{xyz}Firm} 
& \mc{ABCD\textsuperscript{xyz}Firm} 
& \mc{ABCD\textsuperscript{xyz}Firm} 
& \mc{ABCD\textsuperscript{xyz}Firm} 
& \mc{ABCD\textsuperscript{xyz}Firm} 
& \mc{ABCD\textsuperscript{xyz}Firm} 
& \mc{ABCD\textsuperscript{xyz}Firm} 
& \mc{ABCD\textsuperscript{xyz}Firm} 
& \mc{ABCD\textsuperscript{xyz}Firm} \\
\addlinespace %\midrule
& \mc{ABCD} & \mc{ABCD} & \mc{ABCD} & \mc{ABCD} 
& \mc{EFGH} & \mc{EFGH} & \mc{EFGH} & \mc{EFGH} 
& \mc{PQRS} & \mc{PQRS} & \mc{PQRS} & \mc{PQRS} \\
\midrule
FirmSize & 0.027^{***} & 0.023^{***} & 0.023^{***} & 0.023^{***} & 0.008^{***} & 0.033^{***} & 0.043^{***} & 0.063^{***} & 0.025^{***} & 0.043^{***} & 0.053^{***} & 0.063^{***} \\
& (0.003) & (0.002) & (0.002) & (0.002) & (0.002) & (0.002) & (0.002) & (0.002) & (0.002) & (0.002) & (0.002) & (0.002) \\
FirmAge & -0.096^{***} & -0.097^{***} & -0.097^{***} & -0.098^{***} & -0.097^{***} & -0.088^{***} & -0.088^{***} & -0.088^{***} & -0.097^{***} & -0.097^{***} & -0.088^{***} & -0.068^{***} \\
& (0.005) & (0.005) & (0.005) & (0.005) & (0.005) & (0.005) & (0.005) & (0.005) & (0.005) & (0.005) & (0.005) & (0.005) \\
Mkt   & 0.043 & 0.053 & 0.166** & 0.035 & 0.027 & 0.043 & 0.056 & 0.012 & 0.032 & 0.044 & 0.118 & 0.020 \\
& (0.088) & (0.088) & (0.228) & (0.088) & (0.090) & (0.089) & (0.092) & (0.091) & (0.089) & (0.089) & (0.215) & (0.090) \\
Share & 0.114 & 0.011 & 0.011 & 0.999 & 0.127 & 0.035 & 0.044 & 0.056 & 0.312 & 0.039 & 0.056 & 0.679 \\
& (0.124) & (0.119) & (0.119) & (0.308) & (0.121) & (0.119) & (0.119) & (0.119) & (0.120) & (0.119) & (0.120) & (0.285) \\
Profits & 0.3^{***} & 0.276^{***} & 0.264^{***} & 0.264^{***} & 0.267^{***} & 0.254^{***} & 0.265^{***} & 0.265^{***} & 0.268^{***} & 0.269^{***} & 0.266^{***} & 0.265^{***} \\
& (0.026) & (0.026) & (0.026) & (0.026) & (0.026) & (0.028) & (0.026) & (0.026) & (0.026) & (0.026) & (0.026) & (0.026) \\
FirmSize$\times$Profits & -0.011^{***} &       &       &       & 0.010^{***} &       &       &       & 0.013^{***} &       &       &  \\
& (0.003) &       &       &       & (0.003) &       &       &       & (0.004) &       &       &  \\
FirmAge$\times$Profits &       & -0.042** &       &       &       & 0.049 &       &       &       & 0.038 &       &  \\
&       & (0.018) &       &       &       & (0.02) &       &       &       & (0.023) &       &  \\
Mkt$\times$Profits &       &       & -0.668^{***} &       &       &       & -0.006 &       &       &       & 0.327 &  \\
&       &       & (0.246) &       &       &       & (0.203) &       &       &       & (0.305) &  \\
Share$\times$Profits &       &       &       & -0.560 &       &       &       & 0.123 &       &       &       & 0.327 \\
&       &       &       & (0.355) &       &       &       & (0.435) &       &       &       & (0.500) \\
\addlinespace
N  & \mc{60000} & \mc{60000} & \mc{60000} & \mc{60000} & \mc{60000} & \mc{60000} 
   & \mc{60000} & \mc{60000} & \mc{60000} & \mc{60000} & \mc{60000} & \mc{60000} \\
adj.\ R-sq & 0.067 & 0.076 & 0.072 & 0.079 & 0.067 & 0.075 & 0.074 & 0.064 & 0.079 & 0.075 & 0.072 & 0.074 \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-5} \cmidrule(lr){6-9} \cmidrule(l){10-13}
Fixed Effects
& \multicolumn{4}{c}{Industry, Year}
& \multicolumn{4}{c}{Industry, Year}
& \multicolumn{4}{c}{Industry, Year} \\
\bottomrule

\end{tabular*}
\end{sidewaystable}
\end{document}

Answer