目标是填充曲线位于 [-1, 1] 的区域，这些区域看起来应该类似于下面的绿色矩形：
目前，我正尝试通过绘制曲线在 [-1, 1] 之外的预选 x 坐标的垂直线来实现此目的。（注释代码不起作用。）
\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\centering
\begin{axis}[
xlabel = $ka / \pi$,
xmin = -0, xmax = 5,
ymin = -2, ymax = 3
]
\addplot [color = red] table[x index = 0, y index = 1] {data/periodic_delta.txt};
%\addplot [color = blue] table[x index = 0, variable = \y , domain = -1 : 1, smooth] plot ({data/periodic_deltaF.txt}, {\y});
\addplot [black, dashed, variable = \x , domain = 0 : 5, smooth] plot ({\x},{1});
\addplot [black, dashed, variable = \x , domain = 0 : 5, smooth] plot ({\x},{-1});
\addlegendentry{$P\frac{\sin(ka)}{ka} + \cos(ka)$};
\addlegendentry{$x = 1$};
\addlegendentry{$x = -1$};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
结果是：
如何从文件中读取 x 坐标，在 [-1, 1] 中为 y 绘制垂直线？有没有更好/更简单的方法来填充函数在 [-1, 1] 之外（/之内）的区域？
periodic_delta.txt
0.0000000000000000e+000 NaN
1.0000000000000000e-002 2.5992433839026097e+000
2.0000000000000000e-002 2.5969741784120179e+000
2.9999999999999999e-002 2.5931943113425362e+000
4.0000000000000001e-002 2.5879069937504835e+000
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3.3700000000000001e+000 -5.3584480241928634e-001
3.3799999999999999e+000 -5.0822256328797000e-001
3.3900000000000001e+000 -4.8009091162149786e-001
3.3999999999999999e+000 -4.5147849623671688e-001
3.4100000000000001e+000 -4.2241443685017976e-001
3.4199999999999999e+000 -3.9292829454655714e-001
3.4300000000000002e+000 -3.6305004182456568e-001
3.4399999999999999e+000 -3.3281003225048567e-001
3.4500000000000002e+000 -3.0223896974974707e-001
3.4600000000000000e+000 -2.7136787756739156e-001
3.4700000000000002e+000 -2.4022806692852802e-001
3.4800000000000000e+000 -2.0885110543017968e-001
3.4900000000000002e+000 -1.7726878519616551e-001
3.5000000000000000e+000 -1.4551309082687436e-001
3.5100000000000002e+000 -1.1361616717598702e-001
3.5200000000000000e+000 -8.1610286986314756e-002
3.5300000000000002e+000 -4.9527818417107461e-002
3.5400000000000000e+000 -1.7401192495210105e-002
3.5500000000000003e+000 1.4737129477461586e-002
3.5600000000000001e+000 4.6854688527640631e-002
3.5700000000000003e+000 7.8919060593147156e-002
3.5800000000000001e+000 1.1089788905160744e-001
3.5899999999999999e+000 1.4275891716308831e-001
3.6000000000000001e+000 1.7447002039438750e-001
3.6099999999999999e+000 2.0599923859284403e-001
3.6200000000000001e+000 2.3731480797773785e-001
3.6299999999999999e+000 2.6838519291748530e-001
3.6400000000000001e+000 2.9917911746112891e-001
3.6499999999999999e+000 3.2966559659284506e-001
3.6600000000000001e+000 3.5981396717849901e-001
3.6699999999999999e+000 3.8959391857359504e-001
3.6800000000000002e+000 4.1897552286232587e-001
3.6899999999999999e+000 4.4792926469780625e-001
3.7000000000000002e+000 4.7642607071399135e-001
3.7100000000000000e+000 5.0443733848020866e-001
3.7200000000000002e+000 5.3193496496973780e-001
3.7300000000000000e+000 5.5889137451431292e-001
3.7400000000000002e+000 5.8527954621700429e-001
3.7500000000000000e+000 6.1107304079645652e-001
3.7600000000000002e+000 6.3624602683604814e-001
3.7700000000000000e+000 6.6077330641214149e-001
3.7800000000000002e+000 6.8463034007622381e-001
3.7900000000000000e+000 7.0779327116639346e-001
3.8000000000000003e+000 7.3023894942432621e-001
3.8100000000000001e+000 7.5194495389454696e-001
3.8200000000000003e+000 7.7288961508359066e-001
3.8300000000000001e+000 7.9305203635732835e-001
3.8399999999999999e+000 8.1241211455555562e-001
3.8500000000000001e+000 8.3095055980369592e-001
3.8599999999999999e+000 8.4864891450229185e-001
3.8700000000000001e+000 8.6548957147577876e-001
3.8799999999999999e+000 8.8145579126288276e-001
3.8900000000000001e+000 8.9653171853184566e-001
3.8999999999999999e+000 9.1070239760455041e-001
3.9100000000000001e+000 9.2395378707453457e-001
3.9199999999999999e+000 9.3627277350475191e-001
3.9300000000000002e+000 9.4764718419189919e-001
3.9399999999999999e+000 9.5806579898503363e-001
3.9500000000000002e+000 9.6751836114716694e-001
3.9600000000000000e+000 9.7599558724946778e-001
3.9700000000000002e+000 9.8348917608867603e-001
3.9800000000000000e+000 9.8999181661930802e-001
3.9900000000000002e+000 9.9549719489320831e-001
4.0000000000000000e+000 1.0000000000000002e+000
4.0099999999999998e+000 1.0034959290029808e+000
4.0200000000000005e+000 1.0059816908660018e+000
4.0300000000000002e+000 1.0074550093678900e+000
4.0400000000000000e+000 1.0079146250019630e+000
4.0499999999999998e+000 1.0073602958592081e+000
4.0600000000000005e+000 1.0057927974946990e+000
4.0700000000000003e+000 1.0032139217778420e+000
4.0800000000000001e+000 9.9962647472804478e-001
4.0899999999999999e+000 9.9503427333841443e-001
4.0999999999999996e+000 9.8944214139109343e-001
4.1100000000000003e+000 9.8285590426883851e-001
4.1200000000000001e+000 9.7528238276845258e-001
4.1299999999999999e+000 9.6672938592265967e-001
4.1399999999999997e+000 9.5720570283799744e-001
4.1500000000000004e+000 9.4672109355728040e-001
4.1600000000000001e+000 9.3528627895614813e-001
4.1699999999999999e+000 9.2291292968416860e-001
4.1799999999999997e+000 9.0961365416191553e-001
4.1900000000000004e+000 8.9540198564636542e-001
4.2000000000000002e+000 8.8029236837789071e-001
4.2100000000000000e+000 8.6430014282301393e-001
4.2199999999999998e+000 8.4744153002800604e-001
4.2300000000000004e+000 8.2973361509926735e-001
4.2400000000000002e+000 8.1119432982729955e-001
4.2500000000000000e+000 7.9184243447192193e-001
4.2599999999999998e+000 7.7169749872721005e-001
4.2700000000000005e+000 7.5077988188544031e-001
4.2800000000000002e+000 7.2911071222011603e-001
4.2900000000000000e+000 7.0671186560891308e-001
4.2999999999999998e+000 6.8360594341814362e-001
4.3100000000000005e+000 6.5981624967102903e-001
4.3200000000000003e+000 6.3536676752282650e-001
4.3300000000000001e+000 6.1028213506648366e-001
4.3399999999999999e+000 5.8458762049318314e-001
4.3500000000000005e+000 5.5830909663275641e-001
4.3600000000000003e+000 5.3147301489955812e-001
4.3700000000000001e+000 5.0410637866997166e-001
4.3799999999999999e+000 4.7623671611826868e-001
4.3899999999999997e+000 4.4789205253807801e-001
4.4000000000000004e+000 4.1910088217722363e-001
4.4100000000000001e+000 3.8989213961413643e-001
4.4199999999999999e+000 3.6029517070454292e-001
4.4299999999999997e+000 3.3033970312749494e-001
4.4400000000000004e+000 3.0005581656022418e-001
4.4500000000000002e+000 2.6947391251165359e-001
4.4600000000000000e+000 2.3862468384472632e-001
4.4699999999999998e+000 2.0753908401801052e-001
4.4800000000000004e+000 1.7624829607730613e-001
4.4900000000000002e+000 1.4478370142822689e-001
4.5000000000000000e+000 1.1317684842090213e-001
4.5099999999999998e+000 8.1459420778178637e-002
4.5200000000000005e+000 4.9663205898786311e-002
4.5300000000000002e+000 1.7820063067080560e-002
4.5400000000000000e+000 -1.4038108398956084e-002
4.5499999999999998e+000 -4.5879401029718547e-002
4.5600000000000005e+000 -7.7671931084237922e-002
4.5700000000000003e+000 -1.0938387039695348e-001
4.5800000000000001e+000 -1.4098347815930501e-001
4.5899999999999999e+000 -1.7243913260451499e-001
4.6000000000000005e+000 -2.0371936256407458e-001
4.6100000000000003e+000 -2.3479287886452471e-001
4.6200000000000001e+000 -2.6562860553335266e-001
4.6299999999999999e+000 -2.9619571078299189e-001
4.6399999999999997e+000 -3.2646363774215126e-001
4.6500000000000004e+000 -3.5640213490396366e-001
4.6600000000000001e+000 -3.8598128626073419e-001
4.6699999999999999e+000 -4.1517154109538867e-001
4.6799999999999997e+000 -4.4394374340007758e-001
4.6900000000000004e+000 -4.7226916089275950e-001
4.7000000000000002e+000 -5.0011951360303020e-001
4.7100000000000000e+000 -5.2746700199884311e-001
4.7199999999999998e+000 -5.5428433462629556e-001
4.7300000000000004e+000 -5.8054475523510340e-001
4.7400000000000002e+000 -6.0622206936292922e-001
4.7500000000000000e+000 -6.3129067035226516e-001
4.7599999999999998e+000 -6.5572556477414978e-001
4.7700000000000005e+000 -6.7950239723359174e-001
4.7800000000000002e+000 -7.0259747453220101e-001
4.7900000000000000e+000 -7.2498778916416018e-001
4.7999999999999998e+000 -7.4665104212237232e-001
4.8100000000000005e+000 -7.6756566499226320e-001
4.8200000000000003e+000 -7.8771084131147961e-001
4.8300000000000001e+000 -8.0706652717443306e-001
4.8399999999999999e+000 -8.2561347106140437e-001
4.8500000000000005e+000 -8.4333323287270046e-001
4.8600000000000003e+000 -8.6020820214914939e-001
4.8700000000000001e+000 -8.7622161546103594e-001
4.8799999999999999e+000 -8.9135757294841000e-001
4.8899999999999997e+000 -9.0560105399654500e-001
4.9000000000000004e+000 -9.1893793203120422e-001
4.9100000000000001e+000 -9.3135498841922071e-001
4.9199999999999999e+000 -9.4283992546082496e-001
4.9299999999999997e+000 -9.5338137846103677e-001
4.9400000000000004e+000 -9.6296892686836455e-001
4.9500000000000002e+000 -9.7159310446998937e-001
4.9600000000000000e+000 -9.7924540863354237e-001
4.9699999999999998e+000 -9.8591830858654406e-001
4.9800000000000004e+000 -9.9160525272552591e-001
4.9900000000000002e+000 -9.9630067494782215e-001
5.0000000000000000e+000 -9.9999999999999989e-001
periodic_deltaF.txt从上面取样。x 的 y 不在 [-1, 1] 内：
1.0000000000000000e-002
2.0000000000000000e-002
2.9999999999999999e-002
4.0000000000000001e-002
5.0000000000000003e-002
5.9999999999999998e-002
7.0000000000000007e-002
8.0000000000000002e-002
8.9999999999999997e-002
1.0000000000000001e-001
1.1000000000000000e-001
1.2000000000000000e-001
1.3000000000000000e-001
1.4000000000000001e-001
1.4999999999999999e-001
1.6000000000000000e-001
1.7000000000000001e-001
1.7999999999999999e-001
1.9000000000000000e-001
2.0000000000000001e-001
2.0999999999999999e-001
2.2000000000000000e-001
2.3000000000000001e-001
2.3999999999999999e-001
答案1
这是一种可行的方法。
\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.16}
\usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\centering
\begin{axis}[
xlabel = $ka / \pi$,
xmin = -0, xmax = 5,
ymin = -2, ymax = 3
]
\addplot [color = red,name path=wave] table[x index = 0, y index = 1] {data/periodic_delta.txt};
%\addplot [color = blue] table[x index = 0, variable = \y , domain = -1 : 1, smooth] plot ({data/periodic_deltaF.txt}, {\y});
\addplot [name path=upper,black, dashed, variable = \x , domain = 0 : 5, smooth] plot ({\x},{1});
\addplot [name path=lower,black, dashed, variable = \x , domain = 0 : 5, smooth] plot ({\x},{-1});
\path[name intersections={of=wave and upper,name=upper,total=\n}]
\pgfextra{\xdef\TotNum{\n}};
\path[name intersections={of=wave and lower,name=lower}];
\addlegendentry{$P\frac{\sin(ka)}{ka} + \cos(ka)$};
\addlegendentry{$x = 1$};
\addlegendentry{$x = -1$};
\end{axis}
\begin{scope}[on background layer]
\foreach \X in {1,...,\TotNum}
\fill[blue!20] (upper-\X) rectangle (lower-\X);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
