自定义表环境

Question

我有许多数据表，其中穿插着文本，我希望这些文本的格式相同。现在，我正在手动设置表格中每个表格的宽度：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[no-math]{fontspec}
\setmainfont{NotoSerif}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{setspace} 
\usepackage{lipsum} 
\usepackage{gb4e,cgloss}

\begin{document}

\begin{tabular}{p{3cm} >{\em} p{3.5cm} @{\hskip 1in}  p{3cm} >{\em} p{3.5cm}}
    word1       &   description &   word1a  &   description \\
    word2       &   description &   word2a  &   description \\
    \end{tabular}
\end{document}

我不喜欢为每个表手动设置宽度，尤其是因为这会使更改宽度变得很麻烦。如何在序言中定义具有特定列宽的自定义表格环境？

实际上，可以更简单地列出数据的解决方案（例如使用空格或括号）也很好，如下所示：

\begin{customtable}
word1 description word1a description \\
word2 description word2a description \\ 
\end{customtable}

Answer 1

customtable只需定义一个包含以下内容的环境tabular：

\documentclass[]{article}

\usepackage{array}

\newenvironment{customtable}
  {%
    \begin{tabular}
      {p{3cm} >{\itshape} p{3.5cm} @{\hskip 1in}  p{3cm} >{\itshape} p{3.5cm}}%
  }
  {%
    \end{tabular}%
  }

\begin{document}
\begin{customtable}
  word1 & description & word3 & description \\
  word2 & description & word4 & description \\
\end{customtable}
\end{document}

可以使用以下示例引入空格分隔语法（原始实现，毫无疑问可以实现更好的语法）：

\documentclass[]{article}

\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{environ}

\makeatletter
\NewEnviron{CustomTable}
  {%
    \expandafter\parseRows\BODY\\\endparseRows
    \begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}
      {
        >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{4em}
        >{\raggedright\arraybackslash\itshape} p{8em}
        @{\extracolsep{\fill}}
        >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{4em}
        >{\raggedright\arraybackslash\itshape} p{8em}
      }%
      \CustomTableBody
    \end{tabular*}%
  }
\newcommand\parseRows{}
\newcommand\CustomTableBody{}
\newcommand\parseRow{}
\def\parseRows#1\\#2\endparseRows
  {%
    \if\relax\detokenize{#1}\relax
      \expandafter\@gobble
    \else
      \parseRow#1 \endparseRow
      \edef\CustomTableBody{\unexpanded\expandafter{\CustomTableBody\\}}%
      \expandafter\@firstofone
    \fi
    {%
      \expandafter\parseRows\@firstofone#2\\\endparseRows
    }%
  }
\def\parseRow #1 #2 #3 #4\endparseRow
  {
    \edef\CustomTableBody
      {\unexpanded\expandafter{\CustomTableBody#1&#2&#3&#4}}%
  }

\begin{document}
\noindent
\begin{CustomTable}
  word1 description word3 description \\
  word2 description word4 description \\
  word3 {good multi word description} word4 description \\
  word3 {good multi word description} \\
\end{CustomTable}
\end{document}

语法可能不太可靠，使用时请自负风险。

Answer 2

您可能会喜欢这种允许按顺序插入项目的实现。

默认情况下tabular使用，但有一个可选参数用于指定longtable。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[a4paper,margin=2cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{xparse}
\usepackage{longtable,array}

\ExplSyntaxOn

\NewDocumentCommand{\customtable}{O{tabular}m}
 {
  \makenna_customtable:nn { #1 } { #2 }
 }

\seq_new:N \l_makenna_customtable_rows_seq
\seq_new:N \l__makenna_customtable_item_seq
\tl_new:N \l_makenna_customtable_body_tl
\int_new:N \l_makenna_customtable_length_int

\cs_generate_variant:Nn \seq_set_split:Nnn { Nnx }

\cs_new_protected:Nn \makenna_customtable:nn
 {
  \seq_set_split:Nnn \l_makenna_customtable_rows_seq { \\ } { #2 }
  \int_set:Nn \l_makenna_customtable_length_int
   {
    \int_div_round:nn { \seq_count:N \l_makenna_customtable_rows_seq } { 2 }
   }

  \tl_clear:N \l_makenna_customtable_body_tl

  \int_step_inline:nnnn
   { 1 } % start
   { 1 } % step
   { \l_makenna_customtable_length_int } % end
   {
    \seq_set_split:Nnx \l__makenna_customtable_item_seq { ~ }
     { \seq_item:Nn \l_makenna_customtable_rows_seq { ##1 } }
    \tl_put_right:Nx \l_makenna_customtable_body_tl
     {
      \seq_use:Nn \l__makenna_customtable_item_seq { & } &
     }
    \seq_set_split:Nnx \l__makenna_customtable_item_seq { ~ }
     { \seq_item:Nn \l_makenna_customtable_rows_seq { ##1 + \l_makenna_customtable_length_int } }
    \tl_put_right:Nx \l_makenna_customtable_body_tl
     {
      \seq_use:Nn \l__makenna_customtable_item_seq { & } \exp_not:N \\
     }
   }
  \begin{#1}{p{3cm} >{\em} p{3.5cm} @{\hspace{2.5cm}}  p{3cm} >{\em} p{3.5cm}}
  \l_makenna_customtable_body_tl
  \end{#1}
 }

\ExplSyntaxOff

\begin{document}

\section{Six items}

\customtable{
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
}

\section{Nine items}

\customtable{
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word7 description \\
  word8 description \\
  word9 description \\
}

\section{Many items}

\customtable[longtable]{
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
  word6 {three word description} \\
  word1 description \\
  word2 description \\
  word3 description \\
  word4 description \\
  word5 description \\
}

\end{document}