答案1
这里有几个建议。您可以通过添加一个不可见的对象来将方程编号向下移动,这里\rule[-36pt]{0pt}{36pt}
({0pt}{0pt}
意味着零宽度和高度,但可选值-36pt
告诉 TeX 将不可见规则向下移动指定的量);当然 36pt 是夸张的,请使用较小的值。
另一方面,拆分方程似乎更好,因此我添加了几种方法。
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[left=4cm,right=4cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[nopar]{lipsum} % for context
\numberwithin{equation}{section}
\begin{document}
\setcounter{section}{3}\setcounter{equation}{21}
\lipsum[4][1-5]
\begin{equation}\label{apsidalni}
\omega_c = \frac{360}{P} \left[k_{2,1} (15qf(e)
+ (1+q)g(e,1))r_1^5+k_{2,2}\left(\frac{15}{q}f(e)
+\left(1+\frac{1}{q}\right)g(e,2)\right)r_2^5 \right]
\end{equation}
\lipsum[4][1-5]
\begin{equation}\label{apsidalni-lowered}
\omega_c = \frac{360}{P} \left[k_{2,1} (15qf(e)
+ (1+q)g(e,1))r_1^5+k_{2,2}\left(\frac{15}{q}f(e)
+\left(1+\frac{1}{q}\right)g(e,2)\right)r_2^5 \right]
\rule[-36pt]{0pt}{0pt}
\end{equation}
\lipsum[4][1-5]
\begin{multline}\label{apsidalni-multline}
\omega_c = \frac{360}{P} \biggl[k_{2,1} (15qf(e)
+ (1+q)g(e,1))r_1^5
\\
+k_{2,2}\left(\frac{15}{q}f(e)
+\left(1+\frac{1}{q}\right)g(e,2)\right)r_2^5 \biggr]
\end{multline}
\lipsum[4][1-5]
\begingroup
\addtolength{\multlinegap}{4em}
\begin{multline}\label{apsidalni-multline-gap}
\omega_c = \frac{360}{P} \biggl[k_{2,1} (15qf(e)
+ (1+q)g(e,1))r_1^5
\\
+k_{2,2}\left(\frac{15}{q}f(e)
+\left(1+\frac{1}{q}\right)g(e,2)\right)r_2^5 \biggr]
\end{multline}
\endgroup
\lipsum[4][1-5]
\end{document}
这里我根据您的图像猜测了文本的宽度。
答案2
这里有三种方法:要么将方程分成两行(使用multline
或嵌套aligned
),要么使用命令\medmath
from nccmath
,它使其参数约为 \displaysize 的 80%。
此外,如果您不使用边距注释,则只需加载geometry
包即可获得更合适的边距。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mathtools, nccmath}
\usepackage{showframe}
\renewcommand{\ShowFrameLinethickness}{0.3pt}
\begin{document}
\begin{multline}\label{apsidalni}
\omega_c = \frac{360}{P} \biggl[k_{2,1} (15qf(e) + (1+q)g(e,1))r_1^5 \\
+k_{2,2}\left(\frac{15}{q}f(e)+\left(1+\frac{1}{q}\right)g(e,2)\right)r_2^5 \biggr]
\end{multline}
\bigskip
\begin{equation}\label{apsidalni-1}
\begin{aligned}
\omega_c = \frac{360}{P} \biggl[k_{2,1} (15qf(e) & + (1+q)g(e,1))r_1^5 \\
& + k_{2,2}\left(\frac{15}{q}f(e)+\left(1+\frac{1}{q}\right)g(e,2)\right)r_2^5 \biggr]
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
\bigskip
\begin{equation}\label{apsidalni-2}
\omega_c = \medmath{\frac{360}{P} \biggl[k_{2,1} (15qf(e) + (1+q)g(e,1))r_1^5 \\
+k_{2,2}\left(\frac{15}{q}f(e)+\left(1+\frac{1}{q}\right)g(e,2)\right)r_2^5 \biggr]}
\end{equation}
\end{document}