编辑：

Question 1

正如所提到的https://github.com/plk/biblatex/issues/569 \textcite/\citet不仅仅是\cite在年份周围加上括号。如果您使用前后注释，比较\cite[cf.][380]{sigfridsson}和\textcite[cf.][380]{sigfridsson}，您还会看到不同的行为。

这个想法是，\textcite在像这样的句子中，用作句子的主语\Textcite{sigfridsson} found that ...。为了确保所有\textcites 的语法结构相同，它将显示作者 ( shorthand)如果shorthand给出了字段。

\cite如果你想要在年份周围使用括号的通常行为，我建议你尝试biblatex-ext及其引用分隔符功能（§5.3引用命令的分隔符的文档biblatex-ext）。

\DeclareInnerCiteDelims{cite}{\bibopenparen}{\bibcloseparen}

应该能给你你想要的东西。

此外，我认为研究 ID最好通过专用字段而不是来处理shorthand。因此，在下面的示例中，我创建了一个新字段studyid。如果有一种算法方式来分配研究 ID，则可以进一步实现自动化（这可以成为一个很好的后续问题），目前您必须在中手动分配字段值.bib。studyid被声明为标签字段，以便我们可以\printbiblist轻松使用。

我们定义了两个 cite 宏\citewid，\citeonlyid.\citewid显示引用并与研究 ID 一起显示。\citeonlyid仅显示研究 ID。

最后，我们设置了所需的一切\printbiblist。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}

\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{studyid.dbx}
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field,datatype=literal,label=true]{studyid}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{studyid}
\end{filecontents*}

\usepackage[backend=biber, style=ext-authoryear, datamodel=studyid]{biblatex}

% \cite should give author (year)
\DeclareInnerCiteDelims{cite}{\bibopenparen}{\bibcloseparen}

% define \citewid: author (year) [study-id]
\RegisterCiteDelims{outer}{citewid}
\RegisterCiteDelims{inner}{citewid}
\DeclareInnerCiteDelimsAlias{citewid}{cite}
\DeclareFieldAlias{extblx@innercitewiddelims}{extblx@innercitedelims}

\DeclareFieldFormat{citestudyid}{\mkbibbrackets{S#1}}

\newbibmacro*{citewid}{%
  \usebibmacro{cite}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield[citestudyid]{studyid}}

\DeclareCiteCommand{\citewid}[\mkoutercitewiddelims]
  {\usebibmacro{prenote}}
  {\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
   \usebibmacro{citewid}}
  {\multicitedelim}
  {\usebibmacro{postnote}}

% define \citeonlyid: [study-id]
\RegisterCiteDelims{outer}{citeonlyid}
\DeclareOuterCiteDelims{citeonlyid}{\bibopenbracket}{\bibclosebracket}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citeonlyid}[\mkouterciteonlyiddelims]
  {\usebibmacro{prenote}}
  {\iffieldundef{studyid}
     {\PackageWarning{biblatex}{%
      No 'studyid' in entry '\thefield{entrykey}'.\MessageBreak
      Add the 'studyid' field\MessageBreak
      or don't cite this entry with\MessageBreak
      '\string\citeonlyid'}}
     {\printfield[studyidwidth]{studyid}}}
  {\multicitedelim}
  {\usebibmacro{postnote}}

% \printbiblist similar to shorthand definitions
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{studyid}{%
  \usedriver
    {}
    {\thefield{entrytype}}%
  \finentry}

\DeclareFieldFormat{studyidwidth}{S#1}
\defbibenvironment{studyid}
  {\list
     {\printfield[studyidwidth]{studyid}}
     {\setlength{\labelwidth}{\studyidwidth}%
      \setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth}%
      \setlength{\labelsep}{\biblabelsep}%
      \addtolength{\leftmargin}{\labelsep}%
      \setlength{\itemsep}{\bibitemsep}%
      \setlength{\parsep}{\bibparsep}%
      \renewcommand*{\makelabel}[1]{##1\hss}}}
  {\endlist}
  {\item}

\DeclareSortingTemplate{studyid}{
  \sort{
    \field{studyid}
  }
}

\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@article{borges2018,
  author    = {Borges, M.  and Barros, E.  and Maia, P. H.},
  title     = {Cloud restriction solver:
               A refactoring-based approach to migrate applications to the cloud},
  journal   = {Information and Software Technology},
  volume    = {95},
  pages     = {346-365},
  year      = {2018},
  studyid   = {002},
}
@article{licht2009,
  author  = {Licht, Carmilla M. M. and de Geus, Eco J. C.
             and van Dyck, Richard and Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.},
  title   = {Association between anxiety disorders and
             heart rate variability in {The} {Netherlands} {Study} of
             {Depression} and {Anxiety} ({NESDA})},
  journal = {Psychosomatic medicine},
  volume  = {71},
  number  = {5},
  pages   = {508--518},
  doi     = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181a292a6},
  date    = {2009},
  studyid = {001},
}
\end{filecontents}

\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib}

\begin{document}
\cite{sigfridsson}

\cite{borges2018}

\citewid{borges2018}

\citeonlyid{borges2018,licht2009}

\printbiblist[title=List of studies]{studyid}

\printbibliography
\end{document}

Answer

正如所提到的https://github.com/plk/biblatex/issues/569 \textcite/\citet不仅仅是\cite在年份周围加上括号。如果您使用前后注释，比较\cite[cf.][380]{sigfridsson}和\textcite[cf.][380]{sigfridsson}，您还会看到不同的行为。

这个想法是，\textcite在像这样的句子中，用作句子的主语\Textcite{sigfridsson} found that ...。为了确保所有\textcites 的语法结构相同，它将显示作者 ( shorthand)如果shorthand给出了字段。

\cite如果你想要在年份周围使用括号的通常行为，我建议你尝试biblatex-ext及其引用分隔符功能（§5.3引用命令的分隔符的文档biblatex-ext）。

\DeclareInnerCiteDelims{cite}{\bibopenparen}{\bibcloseparen}

应该能给你你想要的东西。

此外，我认为研究 ID最好通过专用字段而不是来处理shorthand。因此，在下面的示例中，我创建了一个新字段studyid。如果有一种算法方式来分配研究 ID，则可以进一步实现自动化（这可以成为一个很好的后续问题），目前您必须在中手动分配字段值.bib。studyid被声明为标签字段，以便我们可以\printbiblist轻松使用。

我们定义了两个 cite 宏\citewid，\citeonlyid.\citewid显示引用并与研究 ID 一起显示。\citeonlyid仅显示研究 ID。

最后，我们设置了所需的一切\printbiblist。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}

\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{studyid.dbx}
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field,datatype=literal,label=true]{studyid}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{studyid}
\end{filecontents*}

\usepackage[backend=biber, style=ext-authoryear, datamodel=studyid]{biblatex}

% \cite should give author (year)
\DeclareInnerCiteDelims{cite}{\bibopenparen}{\bibcloseparen}

% define \citewid: author (year) [study-id]
\RegisterCiteDelims{outer}{citewid}
\RegisterCiteDelims{inner}{citewid}
\DeclareInnerCiteDelimsAlias{citewid}{cite}
\DeclareFieldAlias{extblx@innercitewiddelims}{extblx@innercitedelims}

\DeclareFieldFormat{citestudyid}{\mkbibbrackets{S#1}}

\newbibmacro*{citewid}{%
  \usebibmacro{cite}%
  \setunit{\addspace}%
  \printfield[citestudyid]{studyid}}

\DeclareCiteCommand{\citewid}[\mkoutercitewiddelims]
  {\usebibmacro{prenote}}
  {\usebibmacro{citeindex}%
   \usebibmacro{citewid}}
  {\multicitedelim}
  {\usebibmacro{postnote}}

% define \citeonlyid: [study-id]
\RegisterCiteDelims{outer}{citeonlyid}
\DeclareOuterCiteDelims{citeonlyid}{\bibopenbracket}{\bibclosebracket}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\citeonlyid}[\mkouterciteonlyiddelims]
  {\usebibmacro{prenote}}
  {\iffieldundef{studyid}
     {\PackageWarning{biblatex}{%
      No 'studyid' in entry '\thefield{entrykey}'.\MessageBreak
      Add the 'studyid' field\MessageBreak
      or don't cite this entry with\MessageBreak
      '\string\citeonlyid'}}
     {\printfield[studyidwidth]{studyid}}}
  {\multicitedelim}
  {\usebibmacro{postnote}}

% \printbiblist similar to shorthand definitions
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{studyid}{%
  \usedriver
    {}
    {\thefield{entrytype}}%
  \finentry}

\DeclareFieldFormat{studyidwidth}{S#1}
\defbibenvironment{studyid}
  {\list
     {\printfield[studyidwidth]{studyid}}
     {\setlength{\labelwidth}{\studyidwidth}%
      \setlength{\leftmargin}{\labelwidth}%
      \setlength{\labelsep}{\biblabelsep}%
      \addtolength{\leftmargin}{\labelsep}%
      \setlength{\itemsep}{\bibitemsep}%
      \setlength{\parsep}{\bibparsep}%
      \renewcommand*{\makelabel}[1]{##1\hss}}}
  {\endlist}
  {\item}

\DeclareSortingTemplate{studyid}{
  \sort{
    \field{studyid}
  }
}

\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@article{borges2018,
  author    = {Borges, M.  and Barros, E.  and Maia, P. H.},
  title     = {Cloud restriction solver:
               A refactoring-based approach to migrate applications to the cloud},
  journal   = {Information and Software Technology},
  volume    = {95},
  pages     = {346-365},
  year      = {2018},
  studyid   = {002},
}
@article{licht2009,
  author  = {Licht, Carmilla M. M. and de Geus, Eco J. C.
             and van Dyck, Richard and Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.},
  title   = {Association between anxiety disorders and
             heart rate variability in {The} {Netherlands} {Study} of
             {Depression} and {Anxiety} ({NESDA})},
  journal = {Psychosomatic medicine},
  volume  = {71},
  number  = {5},
  pages   = {508--518},
  doi     = {10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181a292a6},
  date    = {2009},
  studyid = {001},
}
\end{filecontents}

\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib}

\begin{document}
\cite{sigfridsson}

\cite{borges2018}

\citewid{borges2018}

\citeonlyid{borges2018,licht2009}

\printbiblist[title=List of studies]{studyid}

\printbibliography
\end{document}

Question 2

谢谢你的提示。

我现在添加了两个命令：

\newcommand{\citeNotAsShorthand}[1]{{\citeauthor{#1} (\citeyear{#1})}}%

\newcommand{\citeNotAsShorthanda}[2][blue]{\color{#1}{\citeauthor{#2} (\citeyear{#2}) [\citefield{#2}{shorthand}]}}

当我使用：\citet{IWSPM2016:Linaker2016} 时，将会打印“Linåker and Wnuk (S030)”。

当我使用 \citeNotAsShorthand{IWSPM2016:Linaker2016} 时，将打印“Linåker and Wnuk (2016)” - 这非常好。

并且 \citeNotAsShorthanda{IWSPM2016:Linaker2016} 打印“Linåker and Wnuk (2016) [S030]”。

伟大的！

Answer