安装 python 会出现 dpkg 错误。
我已经完成了这些命令，输出如下
$ sudo apt-get install python3.4
$ sudo dpkg -C
$ sudo apt-get check
$ apt-cache policy libglib2.0-dev
$ sudo dpkg --configure libglib2.0-dev
$ sudo dpkg --audit
$ sudo apt-get install cdrecord mkisofs slib libident spice-protocol \
default-jdk libaudio2:i386 libcacard default-jre
$ apt-cache policy python
$ sudo apt-get install python
$ apt-cache policy libc6
$ sudo apt-get update ## no error
$ sudo apt-get -f install python
输出：
$ sudo apt-get install python3.4
$ sudo apt-get install python3.4
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
librrd4 ntop-data python-mako python-markupsafe
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
libdb5.3 libmpdec2 libpython3.4-minimal libpython3.4-stdlib
python3.4-minimal
Suggested packages:
python3.4-venv python3.4-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libdb5.3 libmpdec2 libpython3.4-minimal libpython3.4-stdlib python3.4
python3.4-minimal
0 upgraded, 6 newly installed, 0 to remove and 488 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 4,804 kB of archives.
After this operation, 19.0 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ testing/main libdb5.3 i386 5.3.28-3 [662 kB]
Get:2 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ testing/main libmpdec2 i386 2.4.0-6 [76.4 kB]
Get:3 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ unstable/main libpython3.4-minimal i386 3.4.1-6 [484 kB]
Get:4 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ unstable/main libpython3.4-stdlib i386 3.4.1-6 [2,018 kB]
Get:5 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ unstable/main python3.4-minimal i386 3.4.1-6 [1,366 kB]
Get:6 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ unstable/main python3.4 i386 3.4.1-6 [198 kB]
Fetched 4,804 kB in 7s (621 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package libdb5.3:i386.
(Reading database ... 459131 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking libdb5.3:i386 (from .../libdb5.3_5.3.28-3_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libmpdec2:i386.
Unpacking libmpdec2:i386 (from .../libmpdec2_2.4.0-6_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libpython3.4-minimal:i386.
Unpacking libpython3.4-minimal:i386 (from .../libpython3.4-minimal_3.4.1-6_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package libpython3.4-stdlib:i386.
Unpacking libpython3.4-stdlib:i386 (from .../libpython3.4-stdlib_3.4.1-6_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python3.4-minimal.
Unpacking python3.4-minimal (from .../python3.4-minimal_3.4.1-6_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python3.4.
Unpacking python3.4 (from .../python3.4_3.4.1-6_i386.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Processing triggers for menu ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libglib2.0-dev:
libglib2.0-dev depends on python:any (>= 2.6.6-7~).
dpkg: error processing libglib2.0-dev (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up libdb5.3:i386 (5.3.28-3) ...
Setting up libmpdec2:i386 (2.4.0-6) ...
Setting up libpython3.4-minimal:i386 (3.4.1-6) ...
Setting up libpython3.4-stdlib:i386 (3.4.1-6) ...
Setting up python3.4-minimal (3.4.1-6) ...
Setting up python3.4 (3.4.1-6) ...
Processing triggers for menu ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
libglib2.0-dev
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
$ sudo dpkg -C
knoppix@Microknoppix:/var/lib$ sudo dpkg -C
The following packages have been unpacked but not yet configured.
They must be configured using dpkg --configure or the configure
menu option in dselect for them to work:
libglib2.0-dev Development files for the GLib library
The following packages are missing the md5sums control file in the
database, they need to be reinstalled:
cdrecord Dummy transition package for wodim
mkisofs Dummy transition package for genisoimage
slib Portable Scheme library
libident simple RFC1413 client library - runtime
spice-protocol spice-protocol
default-jdk Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit
libaudio2:i386 Network Audio System - shared libraries
libcacard libcacard
default-jre Standard Java or Java compatible Runtime
$sudo apt-get 检查
knoppix@Microknoppix:/var/lib$ apt-get check
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?
knoppix@Microknoppix:/var/lib$ sudo apt-get check
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
$ apt-cache 策略 libglib2.0-dev
knoppix@Microknoppix:/var/lib$ apt-cache policy libglib2.0-dev
libglib2.0-dev:
Installed: 2.40.0-3
Candidate: 2.40.0-3
Version table:
2.41.0-1 0
1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ experimental/main i386 Packages
*** 2.40.0-3 0
500 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ testing/main i386 Packages
500 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ unstable/main i386 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
2.33.12+really2.32.4-5 0
990 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stable/main i386 Packages
$sudo dpkg --配置 libglib2.0-dev
knoppix@Microknoppix:~$ sudo dpkg --configure libglib2.0-dev
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libglib2.0-dev:
libglib2.0-dev depends on python:any (>= 2.6.6-7~).
dpkg: error processing libglib2.0-dev (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
libglib2.0-dev
$sudo dpkg --审计
knoppix@Microknoppix:~$ sudo dpkg --audit
The following packages have been unpacked but not yet configured.
They must be configured using dpkg --configure or the configure
menu option in dselect for them to work:
libglib2.0-dev Development files for the GLib library
The following packages are missing the md5sums control file in the
database, they need to be reinstalled:
cdrecord Dummy transition package for wodim
mkisofs Dummy transition package for genisoimage
slib Portable Scheme library
libident simple RFC1413 client library - runtime
spice-protocol spice-protocol
default-jdk Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit
libaudio2:i386 Network Audio System - shared libraries
libcacard libcacard
default-jre Standard Java or Java compatible Runtime
$ sudo apt-get install cdrecord mkisofs slib libident SPICE-协议默认-jdk libaudio2:i386 libcacard 默认-jre
knoppix@Microknoppix:~$ sudo apt-get install cdrecord mkisofs slib libident spice-protocol default-jdk libaudio2:i386 libcacard default-jre Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
default-jdk is already the newest version.
default-jdk set to manually installed.
default-jre is already the newest version.
libident is already the newest version.
libident set to manually installed.
slib is already the newest version.
cdrecord is already the newest version.
mkisofs is already the newest version.
spice-protocol is already the newest version.
libcacard is already the newest version.
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
librrd4 ntop-data python-mako python-markupsafe
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
Suggested packages:
nas
The following packages will be upgraded:
libaudio2
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 487 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 87.0 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4,096 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stable/main libaudio2 i386 1.9.3-5wheezy1 [87.0 kB]
Fetched 87.0 kB in 0s (302 kB/s)
(Reading database ... 459964 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace libaudio2:i386 1.9.3-5 (using .../libaudio2_1.9.3-5wheezy1_i386.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement libaudio2:i386 ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libglib2.0-dev:
libglib2.0-dev depends on python:any (>= 2.6.6-7~).
dpkg: error processing libglib2.0-dev (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up libaudio2:i386 (1.9.3-5wheezy1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
libglib2.0-dev
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
knoppix@Microknoppix:~$
$ apt-cache 策略 python
knoppix@Microknoppix:/var/lib$ apt-cache policy python
python:
Installed: 2.7.3-4
Candidate: 2.7.3-4+deb7u1
Version table:
2.7.6-2 0
500 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ testing/main i386 Packages
500 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ unstable/main i386 Packages
2.7.3-4+deb7u1 0
990 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stable/main i386 Packages
*** 2.7.3-4 0
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
knoppix@Microknoppix:/var/lib$
尝试 apt-get install python （未指定版本）
$ sudo apt-get 安装 python
knoppix@Microknoppix:/var/lib$ sudo apt-get install python
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
librrd4 ntop-data python-mako python-markupsafe
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
python-minimal
Suggested packages:
python-doc
The following packages will be upgraded:
python python-minimal
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 485 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 223 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stable/main python all 2.7.3-4+deb7u1 [181 kB]
Get:2 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stable/main python-minimal all 2.7.3-4+deb7u1 [42.8 kB]
Fetched 223 kB in 0s (390 kB/s)
(Reading database ... 459964 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace python 2.7.3-4 (using .../python_2.7.3-4+deb7u1_all.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement python ...
Preparing to replace python-minimal 2.7.3-4 (using .../python-minimal_2.7.3-4+deb7u1_all.deb) ...
Unpacking replacement python-minimal ...
Processing triggers for doc-base ...
Processing 1 changed doc-base file...
Registering documents with scrollkeeper...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Setting up python-minimal (2.7.3-4+deb7u1) ...
Setting up python (2.7.3-4+deb7u1) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libglib2.0-dev:
libglib2.0-dev depends on python:any (>= 2.6.6-7~).
dpkg: error processing libglib2.0-dev (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
libglib2.0-dev
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
knoppix@Microknoppix:/var/lib$
$ apt-cache 策略 libc6
knoppix@Microknoppix:~$ apt-cache policy libc6
libc6:
Installed: 2.17-5
Candidate: 2.19-1
Version table:
2.19-1 0
500 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ testing/main i386 Packages
500 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ unstable/main i386 Packages
*** 2.17-5 0
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
2.13-38+deb7u1 0
990 http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/ stable/main i386 Packages
knoppix@Microknoppix:~$
在 sudo apt-get update 并执行 sudo apt-get -f install python 之后，我仍然收到错误
$sudo apt-get -f 安装 python
knoppix@Microknoppix:~/ntopngtr2/ntopng-1.1_6932$ sudo apt-get -f install python
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
python is already the newest version.
python set to manually installed.
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
librrd4 ntop-data python-mako python-markupsafe
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 486 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libglib2.0-dev:
libglib2.0-dev depends on python:any (>= 2.6.6-7~).
dpkg: error processing libglib2.0-dev (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
libglib2.0-dev
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
knoppix@Microknoppix:~/ntopngtr2/ntopng-1.1_6932$
答案1
0 已升级，6 已新安装，0 已删除，488 未升级。
这里的问题是您处于每个软件包的多个升级路径之间。您没有使用稳定版本，也没有进行测试，这会带来问题。您应该首先将尽可能多的软件包升级到稳定版：
sudo apt-get -t stable dist-upgrade
然后决定是否要将所有内容降级为稳定版或继续进行测试，在这种情况下，您应该删除稳定版条目sources.list并再次升级：
sudo sed -i '/stable/d' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
我个人会重新安装系统，以确保依赖项不再出现问题，并坚持稳定或测试。我不知道 Knoppix 使用什么作为基础，但您似乎没有使用除 Debian 之外的任何存储库。
答案2
在我看来，这里没有什么可以合理解决的。在与发帖者进行聊天讨论后，很明显他基本上在做不受支持的事情。
他首先安装了 Knoppix，然后添加了 Debian 存储库，然后尝试安装/升级到 Debian 软件包。据我所知，Knoppix 或 Debian 或其他任何人都不支持这一点。该发帖者显然在 Knoppix 论坛上读到，一旦安装了 Knoppix，它就是 Debian，并得出结论，他可以在他的 Knoppix 安装中安装 Debian 软件包。确实，Knoppix 基于 Debian，并且所有 Knoppix 软件包都是 Debian 软件包，但海报安装中的软件包版本并未出现（基于他提供的信息）与 Debian 档案中当前可用的软件包版本相对应。因此，将 Knoppix 的软件包版本与 Debian stable、unstable 等中发现的不兼容版本混合会导致问题也就不足为奇了。
我向发帖者推荐他尝试只使用 Debian。将 Knoppix 添加到其中似乎没有任何优势，反而给他带来了问题。