我对此表中系数的对齐方式有疑问。我尝试使用几何包修改边距，但没有成功。我真的不知道该怎么办！我使用 Stata 中的命令 esttab 从以 .tex 格式保存的原始版本修改了此表。我只想让每个数字都对齐。
为了便于阅读，我也在 pastebin 上提供了它。 https://pastebin.com/chH9uvGD
\documentclass[12,legalpaper]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\raggedleft{\caption{Explaining imperfect representation through costs and benefits}}
{
\def\sym#1{\ifmmode^{#1}\else\(^{#1}\)\fi}
\begin{tabular}{l*{2}{cc}}
\hline\hline
\\
& \multicolumn{4}{c}{Dep. variable: Quality of representation} \\
& \\
& Misrepresented & & Indifferent & \\
& \cline{1-4} & & & \\
& Odds Ratio & SE & Odds Ratio & SE \\
\hline
\\
\textit{Benefits} \\
\\
Positive evaluation & 1.245\sym{***}& (0.0750)& 1.156\sym{***}& (0.0459)\\
EU economic policy influence & 1.015 & (0.0302)& 1.001 & (0.0205)\\
\\
\textit{Costs} \\
\\
Immigration should decrease & 0.830\sym{***}& (0.0364)& 1.007 & (0.0307)\\
EP doesn't consider citiz. concerns& 0.874\sym{**} & (0.0451)& 1.022 & (0.0357)\\
\\
\textit{Context} \\
\\
New EU12 & 0.937 & (0.0947)& 1.715\sym{***}& (0.116)\\
EU spending(log) & 0.993 & (0.0510)& 0.953 & (0.0342)\\
N dimensions party competition & 0.874\sym{*} & (0.0514)& 1.031 & (0.0401)\\
\\
\textit{Salience} \\
\\
My voice counts & 0.541\sym{***}& (0.0675)& 0.967 & (0.0677)\\
EU deals with imp issues & 1.003 & (0.0684)& 0.921 & (0.0435)\\
Cares which party wins EP elections& 1.104\sym{*} & (0.0433)& 1.023 & (0.0268)\\
Feels European & 1.284\sym{**} & (0.118) & 1.221\sym{***}& (0.0734)\\
\\
\textit{Controls} \\
\\
Education & 1.064 & (0.0491)& 0.945 & (0.0299)\\
Standard of living & 0.919 & (0.0763)& 0.884\sym{*} & (0.0492)\\
Neither left nor right & 1.127 & (0.0784)& 1.018 & (0.0493)\\
Evaluation of govt econ performance& 0.934 & (0.0349)& 1.037 & (0.0268)\\
Watch election news on TV & 0.921 & (0.0469)& 0.946 & (0.0332)\\
How many days follows news & 1.095 & (0.0713)& 1.221\sym{***}& (0.0528)\\
\hline
Pseudo R-Square & 0.0227 & & & \\
$\chi^2 $ & 395.3 & & & \\
P & 0.000000 & & & \\
\hline\hline
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize Exponentiated coefficients; Standard errors in parentheses}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize \sym{*} \(p<0.05\), \sym{**} \(p<0.01\), \sym{***} \(p<0.001\)}\\
\end{tabular}
}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案1
为了将数据列中的数字与各自的小数点对齐，我建议您加载dcolumn包及其D列类型。或者，加载siunitx包并使用其S列类型；请参阅@leandriis 的回答以供实施。
我还想建议您使用booktabs包的线条绘制宏，而不是基本\hline和\cline指令。并且，为了将标题的开头与环境的左边缘对齐tabular，我建议您使用threeparttable包及其同名环境。
\documentclass[12pt,legalpaper]{article} % not "12", but "12pt"
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry} % choose suitable page parameters
\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb}
\def\sym#1{\ifmmode^{#1}\else\(^{#1}\)\fi}
\usepackage{dcolumn,booktabs,caption,threeparttable}
\newcolumntype{d}[1]{D..{#1}}
\newcommand\mc[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{#1}}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\centering
\captionsetup{singlelinecheck=false,
justification=raggedright,
skip=0.333\baselineskip}
\begin{threeparttable}
\caption{Explaining imperfect representation through costs and benefits}
\begin{tabular}{@{} l*{4}{d{2.5}}@{}}
\toprule
& \multicolumn{4}{c@{}}{Dep. variable: Quality of representation} \\
\cmidrule(l){2-5}
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{Misrepresented}
& \multicolumn{2}{c@{}}{Indifferent}\\
\cmidrule(lr){2-3} \cmidrule(l){4-5}
& \mc{Odds Ratio} & \mc{SE}
& \mc{Odds Ratio} & \multicolumn{1}{c@{}}{SE} \\
\midrule
\textit{Benefits} \\ \addlinespace
Positive evaluation & 1.245\sym{***}& (0.0750)& 1.156\sym{***}& (0.0459)\\
EU economic policy influence & 1.015 & (0.0302)& 1.001 & (0.0205)\\
\\
\textit{Costs} \\ \addlinespace
Immigration should decrease & 0.830\sym{***}& (0.0364)& 1.007 & (0.0307)\\
EP doesn't consider citiz.\ concerns& 0.874\sym{**} & (0.0451)& 1.022 & (0.0357)\\
\\
\textit{Context} \\ \addlinespace
New EU12 & 0.937 & (0.0947)& 1.715\sym{***}& (0.116)\\
EU spending(log) & 0.993 & (0.0510)& 0.953 & (0.0342)\\
N dimensions party competition & 0.874\sym{*} & (0.0514)& 1.031 & (0.0401)\\
\\
\textit{Salience} \\ \addlinespace
My voice counts & 0.541\sym{***}& (0.0675)& 0.967 & (0.0677)\\
EU deals with imp issues & 1.003 & (0.0684)& 0.921 & (0.0435)\\
Cares which party wins EP elections& 1.104\sym{*} & (0.0433)& 1.023 & (0.0268)\\
Feels European & 1.284\sym{**} & (0.118) & 1.221\sym{***}& (0.0734)\\
\\
\textit{Controls} \\ \addlinespace
Education & 1.064 & (0.0491)& 0.945 & (0.0299)\\
Standard of living & 0.919 & (0.0763)& 0.884\sym{*} & (0.0492)\\
Neither left nor right & 1.127 & (0.0784)& 1.018 & (0.0493)\\
Evaluation of govt econ performance& 0.934 & (0.0349)& 1.037 & (0.0268)\\
Watch election news on TV & 0.921 & (0.0469)& 0.946 & (0.0332)\\
How many days follows news & 1.095 & (0.0713)& 1.221\sym{***}& (0.0528)\\
\midrule
Pseudo R-Squared & \mc{0.0227}\\
$\chi^2 $ & \mc{395.3} \\
P & \mc{0.000000} \\
\bottomrule
\addlinespace
\multicolumn{5}{@{}l}{\footnotesize Exponentiated coefficients; Standard errors in parentheses.}\\
\multicolumn{5}{@{}l}{\footnotesize \sym{*} \(p<0.05\), \sym{**} \(p<0.01\), \sym{***} \(p<0.001\)}\\
\end{tabular}
\end{threeparttable}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案2
在以下 MWE 中，我使用tabularx来使表格与文本宽度一样宽，方法是在第一列引入自动换行符。此外，我使用 来siunitx对齐数字：（右侧的垂直线表示文本宽度的宽度）
\documentclass[legalpaper]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\sisetup{input-symbols = ()}
\sisetup{table-space-text-post = \sym{***}}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\raggedleft{\caption{Explaining imperfect representation through costs and benefits}}
{
\def\sym#1{\ifmmode^{#1}\else\(^{#1}\)\fi}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{>{\RaggedRight}X*{2}{S[,table-format=1.4,table-align-text-post=false]S[table-format=2.5,table-align-text-post=false]}}
\hline\hline
\\
& \multicolumn{4}{c}{Dep. variable: Quality of representation} \\
& \\
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{Misrepresented} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Indifferent} \\
& \cline{1-4} & & & \\
& {Odds Ratio} & {SE} & {Odds Ratio} & {SE} \\
\hline
\\
\textit{Benefits} \\
\\
Positive evaluation & 1.245\sym{***}& (0.0750)& 1.156\sym{***}& (0.0459)\\
EU economic policy influence & 1.015 & (0.0302)& 1.001 & (0.0205)\\
\\
\textit{Costs} \\
\\
Immigration should decrease & 0.830\sym{***}& (0.0364)& 1.007 & (0.0307)\\
EP doesn't consider citiz. concerns& 0.874\sym{**} & (0.0451)& 1.022 & (0.0357)\\
\\
\textit{Context} \\
\\
New EU12 & 0.937 & (0.0947)& 1.715\sym{***}& (0.116)\\
EU spending(log) & 0.993 & (0.0510)& 0.953 & (0.0342)\\
N dimensions party competition & 0.874\sym{*} & (0.0514)& 1.031 & (0.0401)\\
\\
\textit{Salience} \\
\\
My voice counts & 0.541\sym{***}& (0.0675)& 0.967 & (0.0677)\\
EU deals with imp issues & 1.003 & (0.0684)& 0.921 & (0.0435)\\
Cares which party wins EP elections& 1.104\sym{*} & (0.0433)& 1.023 & (0.0268)\\
Feels European & 1.284\sym{**} & (0.118) & 1.221\sym{***}& (0.0734)\\
\\
\textit{Controls} \\
\\
Education & 1.064 & (0.0491)& 0.945 & (0.0299)\\
Standard of living & 0.919 & (0.0763)& 0.884\sym{*} & (0.0492)\\
Neither left nor right & 1.127 & (0.0784)& 1.018 & (0.0493)\\
Evaluation of govt econ performance& 0.934 & (0.0349)& 1.037 & (0.0268)\\
Watch election news on TV & 0.921 & (0.0469)& 0.946 & (0.0332)\\
How many days follows news & 1.095 & (0.0713)& 1.221\sym{***}& (0.0528)\\
\hline
Pseudo R-Square & {0.0227} & & & \\
$\chi^2 $ & {395.3} & & & \\
P & {0.000000} & & & \\
\hline\hline
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize Exponentiated coefficients; Standard errors in parentheses}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize \sym{*} \(p<0.05\), \sym{**} \(p<0.01\), \sym{***} \(p<0.001\)}\\
\end{tabularx}
}
\end{table}
\end{document}
就我个人而言，我还会使用包中的水平线booktabs，并用以下命令替换一些空白行\addlinespace：
\documentclass[legalpaper]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\sisetup{input-symbols = ()}
\sisetup{table-space-text-post = \sym{***}}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\raggedleft{\caption{Explaining imperfect representation through costs and benefits}}
{
\def\sym#1{\ifmmode^{#1}\else\(^{#1}\)\fi}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{>{\RaggedRight}X*{2}{S[,table-format=1.4,table-align-text-post=false]S[table-format=2.5,table-align-text-post=false]}}
\toprule
& \multicolumn{4}{c}{Dep. variable: Quality of representation} \\
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{Misrepresented} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Indifferent} \\
\cmidrule{2-5}
& {Odds Ratio} & {SE} & {Odds Ratio} & {SE} \\
\midrule
\textit{Benefits}\\ \addlinespace
Positive evaluation & 1.245\sym{***}& (0.0750)& 1.156\sym{***}& (0.0459)\\
EU economic policy influence & 1.015 & (0.0302)& 1.001 & (0.0205)\\
\\
\textit{Costs}\\ \addlinespace
Immigration should decrease & 0.830\sym{***}& (0.0364)& 1.007 & (0.0307)\\
EP doesn't consider citiz. concerns& 0.874\sym{**} & (0.0451)& 1.022 & (0.0357)\\
\\
\textit{Context} \\ \addlinespace
New EU12 & 0.937 & (0.0947)& 1.715\sym{***}& (0.116)\\
EU spending(log) & 0.993 & (0.0510)& 0.953 & (0.0342)\\
N dimensions party competition & 0.874\sym{*} & (0.0514)& 1.031 & (0.0401)\\
\\
\textit{Salience} \\ \addlinespace
My voice counts & 0.541\sym{***}& (0.0675)& 0.967 & (0.0677)\\
EU deals with imp issues & 1.003 & (0.0684)& 0.921 & (0.0435)\\
Cares which party wins EP elections& 1.104\sym{*} & (0.0433)& 1.023 & (0.0268)\\
Feels European & 1.284\sym{**} & (0.118) & 1.221\sym{***}& (0.0734)\\
\\
\textit{Controls}\\ \addlinespace
Education & 1.064 & (0.0491)& 0.945 & (0.0299)\\
Standard of living & 0.919 & (0.0763)& 0.884\sym{*} & (0.0492)\\
Neither left nor right & 1.127 & (0.0784)& 1.018 & (0.0493)\\
Evaluation of govt econ performance& 0.934 & (0.0349)& 1.037 & (0.0268)\\
Watch election news on TV & 0.921 & (0.0469)& 0.946 & (0.0332)\\
How many days follows news & 1.095 & (0.0713)& 1.221\sym{***}& (0.0528)\\
\midrule
Pseudo R-Square & {0.0227} & & & \\
$\chi^2 $ & {395.3} & & & \\
P & {0.000000} & & & \\
\bottomrule
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize Exponentiated coefficients; Standard errors in parentheses}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize \sym{*} \(p<0.05\), \sym{**} \(p<0.01\), \sym{***} \(p<0.001\)}\\
\end{tabularx}
}
\end{table}
\end{document}
12最后，请注意，我从 documentclass 中删除了不正确的选项。您可能想改用12pt后者。如果您使用后一个选项，您的表格很可能不再适合一页，因此您可能需要允许分页符或对表格内容使用较小的字体大小。
在下面的例子中，我暂时减小了文本两侧的边距，以便水平居中原本过宽的表格。（表格下方的短文本由\lipsum包生成lipsum，以显示文本宽度。）您还可以减小表格中的字体大小，并使用较小的宽度作为 的参数adjustwidth。
\documentclass[legalpaper]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\sisetup{input-symbols = ()}
\sisetup{table-space-text-post = \sym{***}}
\usepackage{changepage}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}
\lipsum[4]
\begin{table}
\raggedleft{\caption{Explaining imperfect representation through costs and benefits}}
\def\sym#1{\ifmmode^{#1}\else\(^{#1}\)\fi}
\begin{adjustwidth}{-0.12\textwidth}{-0.12\textwidth}
\begin{tabular}{l*{2}{S[,table-format=1.4,table-align-text-post=false]S[table-format=2.5,table-align-text-post=false]}}
\toprule
& \multicolumn{4}{c}{Dep. variable: Quality of representation} \\
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{Misrepresented} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Indifferent} \\
\cmidrule{2-5}
& {Odds Ratio} & {SE} & {Odds Ratio} & {SE} \\
\midrule
\textit{Benefits}\\ \addlinespace
Positive evaluation & 1.245\sym{***}& (0.0750)& 1.156\sym{***}& (0.0459)\\
EU economic policy influence & 1.015 & (0.0302)& 1.001 & (0.0205)\\
\\
\textit{Costs}\\ \addlinespace
Immigration should decrease & 0.830\sym{***}& (0.0364)& 1.007 & (0.0307)\\
EP doesn't consider citiz. concerns& 0.874\sym{**} & (0.0451)& 1.022 & (0.0357)\\
\\
\textit{Context} \\ \addlinespace
New EU12 & 0.937 & (0.0947)& 1.715\sym{***}& (0.116)\\
EU spending(log) & 0.993 & (0.0510)& 0.953 & (0.0342)\\
N dimensions party competition & 0.874\sym{*} & (0.0514)& 1.031 & (0.0401)\\
\\
\textit{Salience} \\ \addlinespace
My voice counts & 0.541\sym{***}& (0.0675)& 0.967 & (0.0677)\\
EU deals with imp issues & 1.003 & (0.0684)& 0.921 & (0.0435)\\
Cares which party wins EP elections& 1.104\sym{*} & (0.0433)& 1.023 & (0.0268)\\
Feels European & 1.284\sym{**} & (0.118) & 1.221\sym{***}& (0.0734)\\
\\
\textit{Controls}\\ \addlinespace
Education & 1.064 & (0.0491)& 0.945 & (0.0299)\\
Standard of living & 0.919 & (0.0763)& 0.884\sym{*} & (0.0492)\\
Neither left nor right & 1.127 & (0.0784)& 1.018 & (0.0493)\\
Evaluation of govt econ performance& 0.934 & (0.0349)& 1.037 & (0.0268)\\
Watch election news on TV & 0.921 & (0.0469)& 0.946 & (0.0332)\\
How many days follows news & 1.095 & (0.0713)& 1.221\sym{***}& (0.0528)\\
\midrule
Pseudo R-Square & {0.0227} & & & \\
$\chi^2 $ & {395.3} & & & \\
P & {0.000000} & & & \\
\bottomrule
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize Exponentiated coefficients; Standard errors in parentheses}\\
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize \sym{*} \(p<0.05\), \sym{**} \(p<0.01\), \sym{***} \(p<0.001\)}\\
\end{tabular}
\end{adjustwidth}
\end{table}
\end{document}
