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网格具有固定大小的方形单元格，与内容无关

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网格具有固定大小的方形单元格，与内容无关

我正在尝试在 A4 纸上制作一个矩形网格（5 行、4 列）。所有单元格的尺寸均为 5cm x 5cm。为此，我使用了一个表格，如代码所示。此表格可以通过向左和向上移动一点来适应纸张。单元格的大小是固定的，并且必须保持与内容无关，内容可以是图片或使用 \makecell 命令创建的几行文本。我尝试过，但它不适用于单元格的高度，它一直在变化。我做错了什么？

祝好， Dimitri

\documentclass[12pt, a4paper]{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{pdfpages}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{makecell}

\graphicspath{{./}{./Pictures/}}

\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{0}
\renewcommand{\tabcolsep}{0cm}

\begin{document}

\thispagestyle{empty}

  \begin{table}
    \begin{center}
      \vspace*{-2.5cm}
      \hspace*{-3.25cm}
      \begin{tabular}{|m{5cm}|m{5cm}|m{5cm}|m{5cm}|}
        \hline
        \centering{\includegraphics[width=4.5cm,height=4.5cm,keepaspectratio]{Stanford_Bunny}} &
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6} &
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6} &
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}\\[5cm]
        \hline
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6} &
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6} &
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6} &
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}\\[5cm]
        \hline
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1}} &
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1}} &
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1}} &
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1}}\\[5cm]
        \hline
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6} &
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6} &
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6} &
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}\\[5cm]
        \hline
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6} &
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6} &
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6} &
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}\\[5cm]
        \hline
      \end{tabular}%
    \end{center}
  \end{table}

\end{document}

输出如下（最后一列也表现不好）：

例子

答案1

两种可能性

下面我描述两种不同的解决方案

  1. 使用表格，大批，线ETC。
  2. 使用包卡路里

我在答案的末尾附上了代码calstable，但由于两个解决方案的输出相同，因此我没有附上结果的图片。

表格及其朋友

第一种可能性是在表格中添加一个“幻像”列，其垂直线不可见，为 5 厘米。我已通过此方法定义了一种新的列类型。由于您有四列宽度相等，因此我也将它们定义为一种新的列类型。然后，我可以添加必要的命令，使内容水平居中在一个位置。

请注意表格的宽度不是20 厘米。您必须添加五条垂直规则的宽度（arrayrulewidth标准为 0.4pt，IE2 pt）。因此，我不得不更改 MWE 的左右边距以删除一条overfull hbox消息。高度也类似，为 25 cm + 6 arrayrulewidth。

编辑20190807：为了确保表格根据纸张大小（而不是边距）在页面上垂直和水平居中，我将表格放在一个基于的新环境中Andrew Swann 的回答在这里。

为了使行与行之间有足够的0.9cm空间（正如您在评论中提到的那样），我“作弊”了，\hline\hline在行之间添加了双垂直线（ ），并将两个线之间的空间增加到0.9cm minus two \arrayrulewidths。为了避免第一页空白，我将所有文档边距减少到0cm。

\usepackage[left=0cm,top=0cm,right=0cm,bottom=0cm]{geometry} % Zero margin
\setlength\doublerulesep{\dimexpr(0.9cm-(2\arrayrulewidth))} % Increased space between horizontal rules

您已将表格置于浮动环境中，但这种类型的全页表格不应浮动。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[12pt, a4paper, demo]{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{pdfpages}
\usepackage{array, hhline}

\usepackage[left=0cm,top=0cm,right=0cm,bottom=0cm]{geometry}


%% This code is modified from Andrew Swann's code in this answer
%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/154736/9632

\newenvironment{preface}{\clearpage\setlength{\topskip}{0pt}%
  \newgeometry{margin=0cm,ignoreheadfoot}%
  \thispagestyle{empty}%
  \centering%
  \vspace*{\fill}\nointerlineskip\small}%
  {\vspace*{\fill}\clearpage\restoregeometry}


%\graphicspath{{./}{./Pictures/}}

\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{0}
\renewcommand{\tabcolsep}{0cm}

\newcolumntype{M}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{5cm}}
\newcolumntype{F}{>{\rule{0pt}{5cm}}m{0pt}}

\begin{document}

\pagestyle{empty}
\begin{preface}
\setlength\doublerulesep{\dimexpr(0.9cm-(2\arrayrulewidth))}
\begin{tabular}{*{4}{|M}|@{}F@{}}
\hline
\includegraphics[width=4.5cm,height=4.5cm,keepaspectratio]{bunny}
&
\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6
&
\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6
&
\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6
&\\
\hline\hline
\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6
&
\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6
&
\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6
&
\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6
&\\
\hline\hline
\textbf{line 1}
&
\textbf{line 1}
&
\textbf{line 1}
&
\textbf{line 1}
&\\
\hline\hline
\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6
&
\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6
&
\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6
&
\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6
&\\
\hline\hline
\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6
&
\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6
&
\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6
&
\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6
&\\
\hline
\end{tabular}\par
\end{preface}
\end{document}

卡尔斯特布尔

我认为，cals 包更适合这种类型的表格，因为它可以很容易地固定列和行的宽度和高度。但是，在 cals 中使用“幻影”线也是可行的。

行与行之间有 0.9 厘米的间隙，可以通过增加该高度的行轻松修复。

在 cals 中，该命令\cals@setpadding{<wd>}相当于tabcolsep，但它还设置了行距。由于规则（边框）是幻影，我将填充设置为0.3pt，这应该会导致内部单元格为 5cmx5cm。

该命令\alignC使单元格内容水平居中，并一直有效直到被另一个对齐命令关闭。\vfil使单元格内容垂直居中，并且可以通过定义命令进行全局设置cals@AtBeginCell，即\def\cals@AtBeginCell{\vfil}（您也可以使用\newcommand*或\renewcommand*）。

还请查看代码中的注释。

\documentclass[12pt, a4paper, demo]{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{pdfpages}
\usepackage{cals}

\usepackage[left=0cm,top=0cm,right=0cm,bottom=0cm]{geometry}

%% This code is modified from Andrew Swann's code in this answer
%% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/154736/9632
\newenvironment{preface}{\clearpage\setlength{\topskip}{0pt}%
  \newgeometry{margin=0cm,ignoreheadfoot}%
  \thispagestyle{empty}%
  \vspace*{\fill}\nointerlineskip\small}%
  {\vspace*{\fill}\clearpage\restoregeometry}

%\graphicspath{{./}{./Pictures/}}

\begin{document}

\pagestyle{empty}
\begin{preface}
\begin{calstable}[c]                         % Centre the calstable
% Defining 4 equal columns
\colwidths{{5cm}{5cm}{5cm}{5cm}
    }

% Set up the tabular
\makeatletter
\def\cals@framers@width{0.3pt}     % Outside frame rules, reduce if the rule is too heavy
\def\cals@framecs@width{0.03pt}
\def\cals@bodyrs@width{0.3pt}
\cals@setpadding{0.3pt}            % To ensure that the inside of cell is 5 cm
\def\cals@cs@width{0.3pt}          % Inside rules, reduce if the rule is too heavy
\def\cals@rs@width{0.3pt}

\def\rb{\ifx\cals@borderR\relax    % Right Border switch (off-on)
    \def\cals@borderR{0.0pt}
\else \let\cals@borderR\relax\fi}

\def\lb{\ifx\cals@borderL\relax    % Left Border switch (off-on)
    \def\cals@borderL{0.0pt}
\else \let\cals@borderL\relax\fi}

\def\cals@AtBeginCell{\vfil}       % Vertically centre content of all cell
%\def\cals@AtEndCell{}

%% Start of tabular body, no header row
% R1B1
\brow
    \alignC\cell{\includegraphics[width=4.5cm,height=4.5cm,keepaspectratio]{bunny}}
    \cell{\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6}
    \cell{\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6}
    \cell{\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6}
    \ht\cals@current@row=5cm
\erow
% R2B1b   %% Fore creating space between rows
\brow
   \lb\rb\cell{}                                  % \lb&\rb  -  shortcuts for tuning off left and right border this row
   \cell{}
   \cell{}
   \cell{}\lb\rb                                   % use shortcuts for tuning on left and right border for next row
    \ht\cals@current@row=0.9cm
\erow
%R3B2
\brow
    \cell{\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6}
    \cell{\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6}
    \cell{\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6}
    \cell{\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6}
    \ht\cals@current@row=5cm
\erow
% R4B2b
\brow
   \lb\rb\cell{}
   \cell{}
   \cell{}
   \cell{}\lb\rb
    \ht\cals@current@row=0.9cm
\erow
%R5B3
\brow
    \cell{\textbf{line 1}}
    \cell{\textbf{line 1}}
    \cell{\textbf{line 1}}
    \cell{\textbf{line 1}}
    \ht\cals@current@row=5cm
\erow
% R6B3b
\brow
   \lb\rb\cell{}
   \cell{}
   \cell{}
   \cell{}\lb\rb
    \ht\cals@current@row=0.9cm
\erow
%R7B4
\brow
    \cell{\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6}
    \cell{\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6}
    \cell{\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6}
    \cell{\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6}
    \ht\cals@current@row=5cm
\erow
% R8B4b
\brow
   \lb\rb\cell{}
   \cell{}
   \cell{}
   \cell{}\lb\rb
    \ht\cals@current@row=0.9cm
\erow
%R2B5
\brow
    \cell{\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6}
    \cell{\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6}
    \cell{\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6}
    \cell{\textbf{line 1} \par line 2 \par line 3 \par line 4 \par line 5 \par line 6}
    \ht\cals@current@row=5cm
\erow
\end{calstable}\par
\end{preface}
\end{document}

答案2

经过 11 个小时的搜索，我找到了一个解决方案，我想与大家分享一下。代码相当容易理解，其本质是表格内的迷你页面环境。请注意，仅使用此迷你页面设置中的第一列即可解决问题，但我将其保留在所有单元格中，以便于识别我稍后所做的操作。还请注意，可以使用的“页面空间”的边距可以根据需要进行调整以适合网格。大概有更短的方法来重复迷你页面输入，但我不知道这是怎么做的。希望这对某些人有帮助。

祝好， Dimitri

\documentclass[12pt, a4paper]{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{pdfpages}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{makecell}

\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\usepackage[left=0.5cm,top=2.35cm,right=0.5cm,bottom=2.35cm]{geometry}

\graphicspath{{./}{./Pictures/}}

\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{0}
\renewcommand{\tabcolsep}{0cm}

\begin{document}

\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{table}[h!]
  \begin{tabular}{|m{5cm}|m{5cm}|m{5cm}|m{5cm}|}
    \hline
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \includegraphics[width=4.5cm,height=4.5cm,keepaspectratio]{Bunny}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage} &
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage} &
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage} &
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage}\\
    \hline
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage} &
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage} &
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage} &
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage}\\
    \hline
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1}}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage} &
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1}}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage} &
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1}}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage} &
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1}}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage}\\
    \hline
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage} &
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage} &
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage} &
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage}\\
    \hline
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage} &
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage} &
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage} &
      \begin{minipage}[c][5cm][c]{5cm}
        \begin{center}
        \makecell{\textbf{line 1} \\ line 2 \\ line 3 \\ line 4 \\ line 5 \\ line 6}
        \end{center}
      \end{minipage}\\
    \hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{document}

输出现在如下所示：

在此处输入图片描述

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