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TEMPO：在动画 GIF/PDF/SVG 中播放声音

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TEMPO：在动画 GIF/PDF/SVG 中播放声音

练习钢琴的时候，速度（iOS 上的一款应用程序，CHplay）是一款经常用来按时打节拍的节拍器。

我可以为 TEMPO 制作动画 GIF/PDF/SVG/frame（在beamer），但不知道如何播放声音（例如嘟嘟 8，mp3或者wav在这里）每次节拍。

有人能帮忙吗（提供完整的代码和清晰的解释）？谢谢！

在此处输入图片描述

以下代码是我的 MWE。（这些是动画方面的很好的例子）

% TEMPO for piano tempo.tex
% for animated GIF, run on command line (require ImageMagick installed)
% magick -density 200 -delay 100 tempo.pdf tempo.gif
% -delay 100 >>> each frame is 100/100 = 1 second 
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\foreach \n in {1,...,4}{
\pagecolor{white}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\path (0,-1) rectangle (5,1);
\shade[inner color=green,outer color=green!10] 
(\n,0) circle(.5);
\foreach \i in {1,...,4}
\fill[cyan] (\i,0) circle(.3);
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\end{document}

经过微小的改动，我们可以得到动画 PDF（在 Acrobat Reader 中打开）。

% animated PDF standalone tempopdf.tex
% \multiframe{4}{n=1+1} >>> starting frame is with n=1, 
% then plus 1 each frame, so we have 4 frames
% [loop,controls]{1} >>> number 1 means 1 second each frame
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{animate}
\begin{document}
\begin{animateinline}[loop,controls]{1}
\multiframe{4}{n=1+1}
{
\begin{tikzpicture}
\path (0,-1) rectangle (5,1);
\shade[inner color=green,outer color=green!10] 
(\n,0) circle(.6);
\foreach \i in {1,...,4}
\fill[cyan] (\i,0) circle(.3);
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\end{animateinline}
\end{document}

投影机中的动画 PDF 框架（使用 Acrobat Reader 打开）

% animated PDF frame in beamer (open with Acrobat Reader)
\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{animate}
\usepackage{multimedia}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}{TEMPO for piano}
\begin{center}
\begin{animateinline}[loop,controls]{1}
\multiframe{4}{n=1+1}
{
\begin{tikzpicture}
\path (0,-1) rectangle (5,1);
\shade[inner color=green,outer color=green!10] (\n,0) circle(.6);
\foreach \i in {1,...,4} \fill[cyan] (\i,0) circle(.3);
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\end{animateinline}
\end{center}
\end{frame} 
\end{document}

答案1

点击在下面的图片上查看滴答节拍器（SVG 版本）的运行情况：

https://agrahn.gitlab.io/svg/tempoForWeb-2.1.svg

这个animate基于的示例有两个版本。

这PDF版本需要 Acrobat Reader，因此仅限于台式电脑的 Windows 和 OSX 平台。（不支持移动设备。）PDF 版本用于media9播放嵌入的声音文件click.mp3，取自animate已在手册中提供滴答节拍器示例的包。

独立SVG版本可在大多数现代 Web 浏览器（Firefox、Chrome、Opera 等）上运行，甚至可在移动设备上运行。在这里，声音使用 HTML5 标签嵌入为 Base64 编码的 Blob <audio>。（在命令行中click.mp3使用“ ”进行编码base64 click.mp3。）物理嵌入的声音文件使 SVG 自成一体。

不管哪种情况，声音的播放都是由 JavaScript 在动画运行过程中每帧变化时启动的。 的“时间轴”功能animate用于将 JS 代码与每一帧关联起来（时间轴输入frames.txt）。

速度标记是在第二个animateinline环境中实现的。它提供了 39 种典型的节拍器速度，可以使用 +/- 按钮逐步调整。这些按钮使用animateJavaScript 接口来增加和减少速度标记帧数。另一个时间线文件tempo.txt将每个标记帧与一个 JS 代码片段关联起来，该代码片段会相应地缩放节拍器速度，同样使用 的 JS 接口animate。

PDFpdflatex版本，使用、lualatex、latex+dvips+ps2pdf或进行编译xelatex：

\documentclass[varwidth,border=12pt]{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{animate}
\usepackage{media9}
\usepackage{fontawesome5}

% tempo markers
\def\tempos{{40,42,44,46,48,50,52,54,56,58,60,63,66,69,72,76,80,84,88,92,96,100,104,108,112,116,120,126,132,138,144,152,160,168,176,184,192,200,208}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% timeline files
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% metronome
\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{frames.txt}
::0: annotRM['click'].callAS('play');
::1: annotRM['click'].callAS('play');
::2: annotRM['click'].callAS('play');
::3: annotRM['click'].callAS('play');
\end{filecontents*}
% tempo
\newwrite\TimeLineFile
\immediate\openout\TimeLineFile=tempo.txt
\foreach \i in {0,1,...,38} {
    %JavaScript for scaling the metronome's default speed (60 frames per min)
    \pgfmathparse{\tempos[\i]/60}
    \immediate\write\TimeLineFile{::\i:anim.metronome.speed=\pgfmathresult;}
}
\immediate\closeout\TimeLineFile
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\setlength{\textwidth}{4.4cm}

\begin{document}
\begin{center}
%the sound player  
\makebox[0pt][r]{\includemedia[
  width=1ex,height=1ex,
  label=click,
  addresource=click.mp3,
  activate=pageopen,transparent,noplaybutton,
  flashvars={source=click.mp3&hideBar=true}
]{}{APlayer.swf}}%
\makebox[4cm][l]{The \LaTeX{} Metronome}\\[1ex]

%%%%%%%%%%%
% metronome
%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{animateinline}[label=metronome,nomouse,loop,timeline=frames.txt]{1}
  \multiframe{4}{n=1+1}{
    \begin{tikzpicture}
      \path (0.3,-0.5) rectangle (4.7,0.5);
      \shade[inner color=green,outer color=green!10] (\n,0) circle(.6);
      \foreach \i in {1,...,4} \fill[cyan] (\i,0) circle(.3);
    \end{tikzpicture}
  }
\end{animateinline}

%%%%%%%%%%%
% controls
%%%%%%%%%%%
\makebox[4cm]{%
\mediabutton[
  jsaction={
    if(anim.metronome.isPlaying) anim.metronome.stopFirst(); 
    else anim.metronome.playFwd();
  }
]{\faPowerOff}\hfill
% tempo
\mediabutton[
  jsaction={ try {--anim.tempo.frameNum;} catch (e) {} }
]{\faMinusCircle}\,%
\begin{animateinline}[label=tempo,step,nomouse,poster=10,timeline=tempo.txt]{1}
  \multiframe{39}{i=0+1}{
    \pgfmathparse{\tempos[\i]}
    \makebox[\widthof{000}][c]{\strut\pgfmathresult}
  }
\end{animateinline}\,%
\mediabutton[
  jsaction={ try {++anim.tempo.frameNum;} catch (e) {} }
]{\faPlusCircle}}
\end{center}
\end{document}

SVG版本，要编译

latex tempoForWeb.tex
latex tempoForWeb.tex
dvisvgm --font-format=woff --exact --zoom=-1 tempoForWeb.dvi

SVG 可以在 Web 浏览器中独立查看，也可以通过 HTML 标签嵌入到网页中<object>：

\documentclass[dvisvgm,varwidth,preview]{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{animate}
\usepackage{fontawesome5}

% tempo markers
\def\tempos{{40,42,44,46,48,50,52,54,56,58,60,63,66,69,72,76,80,84,88,92,96,100,104,108,112,116,120,126,132,138,144,152,160,168,176,184,192,200,208}}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% timeline files
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% metronome
\usepackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{frames.txt}
::0:$('click').play();
::1:$('click').play();
::2:$('click').play();
::3:$('click').play();
\end{filecontents*}
% tempo
\newwrite\TimeLineFile
\immediate\openout\TimeLineFile=tempo.txt
\foreach \i in {0,1,...,38} {
    %JavaScript for scaling the metronome's default speed (60 frames per min)
    \pgfmathparse{\tempos[\i]/60}
    \immediate\write\TimeLineFile{::\i:anim.metronome.speed=\pgfmathresult;}
}
\immediate\closeout\TimeLineFile
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% for producing push buttons
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\ExplSyntaxOn
\def\controlButton#1#2{% #1:button face, #2 JavaScript
  \sbox{0}{#1}
  \makebox[0pt][l]{\usebox{0}}
  \pbs_pdfannot:nnnn{\wd0}{\ht0}{\dp0}{cursor='pointer'~onmousedown='#2'}
  \phantom{\usebox{0}}
}
\ExplSyntaxOff
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\setlength{\textwidth}{4.4cm}

\begin{document}
% embed sound
\special{dvisvgm:rawdef
  <audio xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" id='click'>
    <source
    src="data:audio/mpeg;base64,
    SUQzBAAAAAAAOlRJVDIAAAAHAAADY2xpY2sAVERSTAAAAAYAAAMyMDA4AFRTU0UAAAAPAAADTGF2
    ZjUzLjMyLjEwMAD/+5DAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABYaW5nAAAABwAAAAUAAAnKAFVVVVVVVVVV
    VVVVVVVVVVVVVVV/f39/f39/f39/f39/f39/f39/f6qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq1dXV1dXV
    1dXV1dXV1dXV1dXV1dX//////////////////////////wAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD/+5DEAAAUjaVe1JYACx40rvMw8ABACACTCHXF
    YJgmG27XRo51BcA4AABBEMFixYsPDMzXv3mb3WLFhgYGCzl5gYOde973WOdq9evfxevXv3mZ2jCx
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    qqqqqqqqqqqq" type="audio/mpeg"/>
%    <source src="click.mp3" type="audio/mpeg"/> % alternatively: separate mp3
  </audio>
  <script type="text/javascript">
  <![CDATA[
    function $(id) {return document.getElementById(id);};
  ]]>
  </script>
}
\begin{center}
\makebox[4cm][l]{The \LaTeX{} Metronome}\\[1ex]

%%%%%%%%%%%
% metronome
%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{animateinline}[label=metronome,nomouse,loop,timeline=frames.txt]{1}
  \multiframe{4}{n=1+1}{
    \begin{tikzpicture}
      \path (0.3,-0.5) rectangle (4.7,0.5);
      \shade[inner color=green,outer color=green!10] (\n,0) circle(.6);
      \foreach \i in {1,...,4} \fill[cyan] (\i,0) circle(.3);
    \end{tikzpicture}
  }
\end{animateinline}

%%%%%%%%%%%
% controls
%%%%%%%%%%%
\makebox[4cm]{%
\controlButton{\faPowerOff}{%
  if(anim.metronome.isPlaying) anim.metronome.stopFirst(); 
  else anim.metronome.playFwd();
}\hfill
% tempo
\controlButton{\faMinusCircle}{%
  try {--anim.tempo.frameNum;} catch (e) {}
}\,%
\begin{animateinline}[label=tempo,step,nomouse,poster=10,timeline=tempo.txt]{1}
  \multiframe{39}{i=0+1}{
    \pgfmathparse{\tempos[\i]}
    \makebox[\widthof{000}][c]{\strut\pgfmathresult}
  }
\end{animateinline}\,%
\controlButton{\faPlusCircle}{%
  try {++anim.tempo.frameNum;} catch (e) {}
}}
\end{center}
\end{document}

独立动画动态图片是愚蠢的，据我所知，似乎没有一种简单的方法可以将嵌入的 Gif（在网页中）与声音同步。但是SVG更加优越，因为它是矢量的，因此可以自由扩展。

答案2

您也可以在其他地方制作带声音的动画，并将其添加到 Beamer 文件中。Beamer 似乎有一个多媒体包。movie15 似乎也很有前途。

看看这个关于多媒体/声音的帖子如何在 PDF 中添加音频文件，也许这是一个有效的起点。

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