\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{booktabs,array}
\usepackage{booktabs, tabularx}
\usepackage{floatrow}
\renewcommand\tabularxcolumn[1]{m{#1}}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[H]
\caption{Facilitators and barriers: Literature study (Source: own table)}
\label{tab:facilitators_barriers_overview_chapter3}
\footnotesize
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{} ll*{2}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X} @{}}
\toprule
\textbf{Layer} && \textbf{Facilitator} & \textbf{Barrier} \\
\midrule\midrule
Learning
& 1 \linebreak
2 \linebreak
3 \linebreak
4 \linebreak
5 \linebreak
& Willingness to learn \linebreak
Willingness to share information \linebreak
Sufficient workshops and training \linebreak
Unstressed work working environment \linebreak
Stimulated to share information
& Lack of willingness to learn \linebreak
Lack of willingness to share information
Insufficient workshops, training \linebreak
Stressed working environment \linebreak
Not stimulated to share information \\ \midrule
Culture
&& Support from higher management \linebreak
Positive feedback from colleagues \linebreak
Failures and mistakes are accepted \linebreak
Comfortable to speak your mind freely \linebreak
Colleagues accept each other
& Lack of support from higher management \linebreak
Lack of positive feedback from colleagues \linebreak
Failures and mistakes are not accepted \linebreak
Uncomfortable to speak your mind freely \linebreak
Colleagues do not accept each other\\ \midrule
Social
&& Sufficient collaboration within teams \linebreak
Reliability \linebreak
Honesty and integrity \linebreak
Trust \linebreak
Social contact
& Insufficient collaboration within teams \linebreak
Insufficient reliability \linebreak
Lack of honesty and integrity \linebreak
Lack of trust \linebreak
Lack of social contact \\ \midrule
Technology
&& Fast and efficient \linebreak
Reliable \linebreak
Easy to use \linebreak
Clear overview of systems that work consistent \linebreak
Systems interconnect with each other
& Slow and inefficient \linebreak
Unreliable \linebreak
Difficult to use \linebreak
Unclear overview of systems that work consistent \linebreak
Systems do not interconnect with each other \\ \midrule
Process
&& Clear and well understood \linebreak
Guidelines of the process are well documented \linebreak
Training is provided how to execute the process \linebreak
Flexible \linebreak
Clear outcome and desired results
& Unclear or not well understood \linebreak
Guidelines of the process are not well documented \linebreak
Insufficient training on the process \linebreak
Inflexible \linebreak
Unclear outcome and undesired results \\ \midrule
Infrastructure
&& Pleasant physical working space \linebreak
Open door policy \linebreak
Pleasant geographical distances \linebreak
Training facilities and meeting rooms available \linebreak
Clean facilities
& Physical working space is unpleasant \linebreak
No open door policy \linebreak
Unpleasant geographical distances \linebreak
Lack of training facilities or meeting rooms \linebreak
Unclean facilities \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案1
l,c您不能在标准列（或）中使用换行符r。您需要一个固定宽度的列。但是，您可以使用 \makecell同名包中的换行符：
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{makecell, array}
\usepackage{booktabs, tabularx}
\usepackage{floatrow}
\renewcommand\tabularxcolumn[1]{m{#1}}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[H]
\caption{Facilitators and barriers: Literature study (Source: own table)}
\label{tab:facilitators_barriers_overview_chapter3}
\footnotesize
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{} ll*{2}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}X} @{}}
\toprule
\textbf{Layer} && \textbf{Facilitator} & \textbf{Barrier} \\
\midrule\midrule
Learning
&\makecell[l] {1 \\ 2 \\ 3 \\ 4 \\ 5}
& Willingness to learn \linebreak
Willingness to share information \linebreak
Sufficient workshops and training \linebreak
Unstressed work working environment \linebreak
Stimulated to share information
& Lack of willingness to learn \linebreak
Lack of willingness to share information
Insufficient workshops, training \linebreak
Stressed working environment \linebreak
Not stimulated to share information \\ \midrule
Culture
&& Support from higher management \linebreak
Positive feedback from colleagues \linebreak
Failures and mistakes are accepted \linebreak
Comfortable to speak your mind freely \linebreak
Colleagues accept each other
& Lack of support from higher management \linebreak
Lack of positive feedback from colleagues \linebreak
Failures and mistakes are not accepted \linebreak
Uncomfortable to speak your mind freely \linebreak
Colleagues do not accept each other\\ \midrule
Social
&& Sufficient collaboration within teams \linebreak
Reliability \linebreak
Honesty and integrity \linebreak
Trust \linebreak
Social contact
& Insufficient collaboration within teams \linebreak
Insufficient reliability \linebreak
Lack of honesty and integrity \linebreak
Lack of trust \linebreak
Lack of social contact \\ \midrule
Technology
&& Fast and efficient \linebreak
Reliable \linebreak
Easy to use \linebreak
Clear overview of systems that work consistent \linebreak
Systems interconnect with each other
& Slow and inefficient \linebreak
Unreliable \linebreak
Difficult to use \linebreak
Unclear overview of systems that work consistent \linebreak
Systems do not interconnect with each other \\ \midrule
Process
&& Clear and well understood \linebreak
Guidelines of the process are well documented \linebreak
Training is provided how to execute the process \linebreak
Flexible \linebreak
Clear outcome and desired results
& Unclear or not well understood \linebreak
Guidelines of the process are not well documented \linebreak
Insufficient training on the process \linebreak
Inflexible \linebreak
Unclear outcome and undesired results \\ \midrule
Infrastructure
&& Pleasant physical working space \linebreak
Open door policy \linebreak
Pleasant geographical distances \linebreak
Training facilities and meeting rooms available \linebreak
Clean facilities
& Physical working space is unpleasant \linebreak
No open door policy \linebreak
Unpleasant geographical distances \linebreak
Lack of training facilities or meeting rooms \linebreak
Unclean facilities \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案2
一个简单的解决方案是将第一个单元格的内容放入\parbox：
Learning
& \parbox{0.5cm}{1 \linebreak
2 \linebreak
3 \linebreak
4 \linebreak
5 \linebreak}
我没有对您的 MWE 进行任何其他更改。但是，如果您尝试将单元格内容排成一行，那么您构建单元格的方式以及定义第 2 列和第 3 列的方式将给您带来挑战。
