我在 MonTeX (mls) 中使用满文，想知道是否有办法显示“round a”，而前面没有任何书写形式。“Round a”是指单词末尾紧跟“b”或“p”的“a”，还是孤立“e”末尾向左的笔划？有没有办法在 MonTeX 中搜索这个？
答案1
文献（第 58 页）说，非尾元音（在文言文中）输入为元音+*，由此得出下表：
你是这个意思吗？
梅威瑟：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{mls}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{cccc}
\ & \ & \huge b & {\Huge \mabosoo{b}} \\
\ & \ & \ & \ \\
\huge a* & {\Huge \mabosoo{a*}} & \huge ba & {\Huge \mabosoo{ba}} \\
\ & \ & \ & \ \\
\huge o* & {\Huge \mabosoo{o*}} & \huge bo & {\Huge \mabosoo{bo}} \\
\ & \ & \ & \ \\
\huge u* & {\Huge \mabosoo{u*}} & \huge bu & {\Huge \mabosoo{bu}} \\
\ & \ & \ & \ \\
\huge e* & {\Huge \mabosoo{e*}} & \huge be & {\Huge \mabosoo{be}} \\
\ & \ & \ & \ \\
\huge i* & {\Huge \mabosoo{i*}} & \huge bi & {\Huge \mabosoo{bi}} \\
\end{tabular}
\end{document}
===========
基本上，答案是否定的，文档中说，替代字符形状是连字。连字是在 MetaFont 中完成的；使用'（例如badmi'）的输入法似乎并不总是与字体中的连字规则同步，而且据我所知，连字似乎仅适用于蒙古文，而不适用于满文（但我还没有尝试所有可能的组合）。
上述代码：
\ShowSpecialMLStrue
\begin{tabular}{ccccccl}
\ & \ & \huge b & {\Huge \mbosoo{b}} \\
\ & \ & \ & \ \\
\huge a & {\Huge \mbosoo{a}} & \huge ba & {\Huge \mbosoo{ba}} & \huge bad & {\Huge \mbosoo{bad}} & \emph{\PrettyMLS{ba'd}}\\
\ & \ & \ & \ \\
\huge o & {\Huge \mbosoo{o}} & \huge bo & {\Huge \mbosoo{bo}}& \huge bod & {\Huge \mbosoo{bod}} & \emph{\PrettyMLS{bod}} \\
\ & \ & \ & \ \\
\huge u & {\Huge \mbosoo{u}} & \huge bu & {\Huge \mbosoo{bu}} & \huge bud & {\Huge \mbosoo{bud}} & \emph{\PrettyMLS{bud}}\\
\ & \ & \ & \ \\
\huge e & {\Huge \mbosoo{e}} & \huge be & {\Huge \mbosoo{be}} & \huge bed & {\Huge \mbosoo{bed}} & \emph{\PrettyMLS{bed}}\\
\ & \ & \ & \ \\
\huge i & {\Huge \mbosoo{i}} & \huge bi & {\Huge \mbosoo{bi}} & \huge bid & {\Huge \mbosoo{bid}} & \emph{\PrettyMLS{bid}}\\
\end{tabular}
正如评论中提到的，自由变体选择器 1 (FVS1) 是不可打印的，但可以“查看” \textmongolianfreevariationselectorone（作为控制字符形状）。根据文档，FVS2 未编程。FVS3 根本没有太多提及。
当ShowSpecialMLS打开时\ShowSpecialMLStrue，则\PrettyMLS{...}显示FVS1（作为控制）。
另一个输入控制字符是=，例如=a，表示尾部元音。
======
统一码
使用 Xelatex、unicode 字体和改编自的代码满文和蒙古文，显示连字（测试文本为：a aFVS1 b ba baFVS1 baaFVS1）：
平均能量损失
% !TEX TS-program = xelatex
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\newfontfamily{\dcw}[]{Noto Sans Mongolian}
\newfontface\fma{Mongolian Art}
\newfontface\fmb{Mongolian Baiti}
\newfontface\fmc{Mongolian Title}
\newfontface\fmd{Mongolian White}
\newfontface\fme{Mongolian Writing}
\newfontface\fmf{Menk Amglang Tig}
\newfontface\fmg{Menk BudunTig}
\newfontface\fmh{Menk Doroge Tig}
\newfontface\fmi{Menk Egulen Tig}
\newfontface\fmj{Menk Erihe Tig}
\newfontface\fmk{Menk Garqag Tig}
\newfontface\fml{Menk Hawang Tig}
\newfontface\fmm{Menk Hvlvsvn Tig}
\newfontface\fmn{Menk Lhundb Tig}
\newfontface\fmo{Menk Mcdvnbar Tig}
\newfontface\fmp{Menk Narin Tig}
\newfontface\fmq{Menk OnqaHar_a Tig}
\newfontface\fmr{Menk Qagan Tig}
\newfontface\fms{Menk Qimed Tig}
\newfontface\fmt{Menk Qimig Tig}
\newfontface\fmu{Menk Qingming Tig}
\newfontface\fmw{Menk Scnin Tig}
\newfontface\fmx{Menk Sidam Tig}
\newfontface\fmua{Menk Svgvnag Tig}
\newfontface\fmva{Menk Svlbiya Tig}
\newfontface\fmwa{Menk Tegus Tig}
\newfontface\fmxa{Menk Tenigun Tig}
\newfontface\fmy{Menk Tvgvrai Tig}
\newfontface\fmz{Menk Ujug Tig}
\newfontface\fmza{Menk Vran Tig}
\newfontface\fmzb{Menk Vyangga Tig}
\newfontface\fmzc{Menk Xvsiga Tig}
%==================================
%#1 = sample number
%#2 = font switch
%#3 = font name
\newcommand\fpmon[3]{{\fplain \normalsize \rotatebox{+90}{#1} }#2 ᠠ ᠠ᠋ ᠪ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ᠋ᠳ {\fplain \normalsize #3 }}
%The test text is: a aFVS1 b ba baFVS1 baaFVS1
\newfontface\fplain{DejaVu Serif}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\begin{document}
\noindent
Line above\\% to demonstrate that the lines are being stacked as normal
{\Huge
\rotatebox{-90}{%
\XeTeXupwardsmode1\\% successive lines will be stacked upwards instead of downwards
\begin{minipage}{18em}% this will be the vertical length of the Mongolian section
{\dcw%
\fpmon{1}{}{Noto Sans Mongolian} \\
%{\fplain \normalsize \rotatebox{+90}{1} } ᠠ ᠠ᠋ ᠪ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠳ ᠪᠠ᠋ᠳ {\fplain \normalsize Noto Sans Mongolian }\\% direct Unicode input of Manchu letters
\fpmon{2}{\fma}{Mongolian Art }\\
\fpmon{3}{\fmb}{Mongolian Baiti }\\
\fpmon{4}{\fmc}{Mongolian Title }\\
\fpmon{5}{\fmd}{Mongolian White }\\
\fpmon{6}{\fme}{Mongolian Writing }\\
\fpmon{7}{\fmf}{Menk Amglang Tig
}\\
\fpmon{8}{\fmg}{Menk BudunTig
}\\
\fpmon{9}{\fmh}{Menk Doroge Tig}\\
\fpmon{10}{\fmi}{Menk Egulen Tig}\\
\fpmon{11}{\fmj}{Menk Erihe Tig}\\
\fpmon{12}{\fmk}{Menk Garqag Tig}\\
}% End font
\end{minipage}
\XeTeXupwardsmode0
}% End rotatebox
}%end Huge
\noindent
Line underneath
\newpage
{\Huge
\rotatebox{-90}{%
\XeTeXupwardsmode1\\% successive lines will be stacked upwards instead of downwards
\begin{minipage}{18em}% this will be the vertical length of the Mongolian section
{\dcw%
\fpmon{13}{\fml}{Menk Hawang Tig} \\
\fpmon{14}{\fmm}{Menk Hvlvsvn Tig}\\
\fpmon{15}{\fmn}{Menk Lhundb Tig}\\
\fpmon{16}{\fmo}{Menk Mcdvnbar Tig}\\
\fpmon{17}{\fmp}{Menk Narin Tig}\\
\fpmon{18}{\fmq}{Menk OnqaHar\_a Tig}\\
\fpmon{19}{\fmr}{Menk Qagan Tig}\\
\fpmon{20}{\fms}{Menk Qimed Tig}\\
\fpmon{21}{\fmt}{Menk Qimig Tig}\\
\fpmon{22}{\fmu}{Menk Qingming Tig}\\
\fpmon{23}{\fmw}{Menk Scnin Tig}\\
\fpmon{24}{\fmx}{Menk Sidam Tig}\\
}% End font
\end{minipage}
\XeTeXupwardsmode0
}% End rotatebox
}%end Huge
\newpage
{\Huge
\rotatebox{-90}{%
\XeTeXupwardsmode1\\% successive lines will be stacked upwards instead of downwards
\begin{minipage}{18em}% this will be the vertical length of the Mongolian section
{\dcw%
\fpmon{25}{\fmua}{Menk Svgvnag Tig} \\
\fpmon{26}{\fmva}{Menk Svlbiya Tig}\\
\fpmon{27}{\fmwa}{Menk Tegus Tig}\\
\fpmon{28}{\fmxa}{Menk Tenigun Tig}\\
\fpmon{29}{\fmy}{Menk Tvgvrai Tig}\\
\fpmon{30}{\fmz}{Menk Ujug Tig}\\
\fpmon{31}{\fmza}{Menk Vran Tig}\\
\fpmon{32}{\fmzb}{Menk Vyangga Tig}\\
\fpmon{33}{\fmzc}{Menk Xvsiga Tig}\\
}% End font
\end{minipage}
\XeTeXupwardsmode0
}% End rotatebox
}%end Huge
\end{document}
=====
如果有人想在不同的字体上尝试变体选择器和元音分隔符，但又没有蒙古文键盘，这里有一个映射文件，可以接受音译输入。
latin-to-mongolian.map（暂时不包括托多文/锡伯文/满文字形，但很容易添加）
; TECkit mapping for TeX input conventions <-> Unicode characters
LHSName "latin-to-mongolian"
RHSName "UNICODE"
pass(Unicode)
; ligatures from Knuth's original CMR fonts
U+002D U+002D <> U+2013 ; -- -> en dash
U+002D U+002D U+002D <> U+2014 ; --- -> em dash
U+0027 <> U+2019 ; ' -> right single quote
U+0027 U+0027 <> U+201D ; '' -> right double quote
U+0022 > U+201D ; " -> right double quote
U+0060 <> U+2018 ; ` -> left single quote
U+0060 U+0060 <> U+201C ; `` -> left double quote
U+0021 U+0060 <> U+00A1 ; !` -> inverted exclam
U+003F U+0060 <> U+00BF ; ?` -> inverted question
; additions supported in T1 encoding
U+002C U+002C <> U+201E ; ,, -> DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK
U+003C U+003C <> U+00AB ; << -> LEFT POINTING GUILLEMET
U+003E U+003E <> U+00BB ; >> -> RIGHT POINTING GUILLEMET
U+0062 U+0069 U+0072 <> U+1800 ; bir ᠀
U+0065 U+006C U+006C <> U+1801 ; ell ᠁
U+002C <> U+1802 ; , ᠂
U+002E <> U+1803 ; . ᠃
U+003A <> U+1804 ; : ᠄
U+0064 U+006F U+0074 U+0073 <> U+1805 ; dots ᠅
U+002D <> U+1806 ; - ᠆
U+0073 U+0073 U+0062 U+006D <> U+1807 ; ssbm ᠇
U+006D U+002C <> U+1808 ; m, ᠈
U+006D U+002E <> U+1809 ; m. ᠉
U+006E U+0069 U+0072 <> U+180A ; nir ᠊
U+0046 U+0056 U+0031 <> U+180B ; FV1 ᠋
U+0046 U+0056 U+0032 <> U+180C ; FV2 ᠌
U+0046 U+0056 U+0033 <> U+180D ; FV3 ᠍
U+004D U+0056 U+0053 <> U+180E ; MVS
U+0030 <> U+1810 ; 0 ᠐
U+0031 <> U+1811 ; 1 ᠑
U+0032 <> U+1812 ; 2 ᠒
U+0033 <> U+1813 ; 3 ᠓
U+0034 <> U+1814 ; 4 ᠔
U+0035 <> U+1815 ; 5 ᠕
U+0036 <> U+1816 ; 6 ᠖
U+0037 <> U+1817 ; 7 ᠗
U+0038 <> U+1818 ; 8 ᠘
U+0039 <> U+1819 ; 9 ᠙
;U+0078 U+0078 U+0078 <> U+181A ; xxx
;U+0078 U+0078 U+0078 <> U+181B ; xxx
;U+0078 U+0078 U+0078 <> U+181C ; xxx
;U+0078 U+0078 U+0078 <> U+181D ; xxx
;U+0078 U+0078 U+0078 <> U+181E ; xxx
U+0061 <> U+1820 ; a ᠠ
U+0065 <> U+1821 ; e ᠡ
U+0069 <> U+1822 ; i ᠢ
U+006F <> U+1823 ; o ᠣ
U+0075 <> U+1824 ; u ᠤ
U+006F U+0065 <> U+1825 ; oe ᠥ
U+0075 U+0065 <> U+1826 ; ue ᠦ
U+0065 U+0065 <> U+1827 ; ee ᠧ
U+006E <> U+1828 ; n ᠨ
U+0061 U+006E U+0067 <> U+1829 ; ang ᠩ
U+0062 <> U+182A ; b ᠪ
U+0070 <> U+182B ; p ᠫ
U+0071 <> U+182C ; q ᠬ
U+0067 <> U+182D ; g ᠭ
U+006D <> U+182E ; m ᠮ
U+006C <> U+182F ; l ᠯ
U+0073 <> U+1830 ; s ᠰ
U+0073 U+0068 <> U+1831 ; sh ᠱ
U+0074 <> U+1832 ; t ᠲ
U+0064 <> U+1833 ; d ᠳ
U+0063 U+0068 <> U+1834 ; ch ᠴ
U+006A <> U+1835 ; j ᠵ
U+0079 <> U+1836 ; y ᠶ
U+0072 <> U+1837 ; r ᠷ
U+0077 <> U+1838 ; w ᠸ
U+0066 <> U+1839 ; f ᠹ
U+006B <> U+183A ; k ᠺ
U+006B U+0068 <> U+183B ; kh ᠻ
U+0074 U+0073 <> U+183C ; ts ᠼ
U+007A <> U+183D ; z ᠽ
U+0068 U+0061 U+0061 <> U+183E ; haa ᠾ
U+007A U+0072 <> U+183F ; zr ᠿ
U+006C U+0068 <> U+1840 ; lh ᡀ
U+007A U+0068 U+0069 <> U+1841 ; zhi ᡁ
（使用 teckit_compile 进行编译，生成 latin-to-mongolian.tec 文件）
以及附带的MWE（使用xelatex编译）：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\newfontfamily\dcw[Mapping=latin-to-mongolian]{Menk Mcdvnbar Tig}
%Compile the mapping file with:
%teckit_compile latin-to-mongolian.map latin-to-mongolian.tec
%(shortcut: teckit_compile latin-to-mongolian).
%==================================
%#1 = text
\newcommand\fpmon[1]{{\fplain \normalsize \rotatebox{+90}{#1} }#1}
\newfontface\fplain[Colour=blue]{DejaVu Serif}
\usepackage{graphicx}
%================== generic minipage
%#1 = text in the minipage
\newcommand\mmp[1]{%
{\Huge
\rotatebox{-90}{%
\XeTeXupwardsmode1\\% successive lines will be stacked upwards instead of downwards
\begin{minipage}{18em}% this will be the vertical length of the Mongolian section
{\dcw #1}% End font
\end{minipage}
\XeTeXupwardsmode0
}% End rotatebox
}%end Huge
}
%=================================
\begin{document}
\noindent
%Line above\\% to demonstrate that the lines are being stacked as normal
{\Huge
\rotatebox{-90}{%
\XeTeXupwardsmode1\\% successive lines will be stacked upwards instead of downwards
\begin{minipage}{18em}% this will be the vertical length of the Mongolian section
{\dcw%
\fpmon{a} \fpmon{aFV1} \fpmon{b} \fpmon{ba} \fpmon{bad} \fpmon{d} \fpmon{dd} \fpmon{badmi} \fpmon{.}\\ \\
\fpmon{a}
\fpmon{e}
\fpmon{i}
\fpmon{o}
\fpmon{u}
\fpmon{oe}
\fpmon{ue}
\fpmon{ee}
, \\
\fpmon{n}
\fpmon{ang}
\fpmon{b}
\fpmon{p}
\fpmon{q}
\fpmon{g}
\fpmon{m}
\fpmon{l}
, \\
\fpmon{s}
\fpmon{sh}
\fpmon{t}
\fpmon{d}
\fpmon{ch}
\fpmon{j}
\fpmon{y}
\fpmon{r}
\fpmon{w}
\fpmon{f}
,\\
\fpmon{k}
\fpmon{kh}
\fpmon{ts}
\fpmon{z}
\fpmon{haa}
\fpmon{zr}
\fpmon{lh}
\fpmon{zhi}
\fpmon{chi}
.\\ \\
\fpmon{0}
\fpmon{1}
\fpmon{2}
\fpmon{3}
\fpmon{4}
\fpmon{5}
\fpmon{6}
\fpmon{7}
\fpmon{8}
\fpmon{9}
. \\ \\
\fpmon{bir}
\fpmon{ell}
\fpmon{,}
\fpmon{.}
\fpmon{:}
\fpmon{dots}
\fpmon{-}
\fpmon{ssbm}
\fpmon{m,}
\fpmon{m.}
\fpmon{nir}
.\\
\fpmon{FV1}
\fpmon{FV2}
\fpmon{FV3}
\fpmon{MVS}
.
}% End font
\end{minipage}
\XeTeXupwardsmode0
}% End rotatebox
}%end Huge
%\noindent
%Line underneath
\newpage
% \mmp{} is a minipage with the mapped font.
This is \mmp{munggul bichik. \\
pab, od \\
pabFV1, odFV1 \\
pabFV2, odFV2 \\
pabFV3, odFV3.\\
guya\\
guyMVSa.}
\end{document}
附录
如果有帮助：在现代工具链（fontspec加上 xelatex/lualatex）中，零宽度连接符字形可用于分别处理字形的单词初始/中间/最终形式。
平均能量损失
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\pagecolor{green!3}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont{Noto Serif}
%============================== Font
\newfontfamily\ftmon{Noto Sans Mongolian}[Script=Mongolian,Renderer=HarfBuzz]
%Renderer= option is for lualatex; remove for xelatex.
%==============================
%Glyphs entered as codepoints
%so as to be independent of the editor setup.
\newcommand\bdtest[1]{%
\rotatebox{-90}{{\ftmon ^^^^182a^^^^200d{\color{red}^^^^200d#1^^^^200d}^^^^200d^^^^1833}}}
\newcommand\rb[1]{\rotatebox[origin=c]{-90}{{\ftmon #1}}}
%===================================
\begin{document}
Using ZWJ to treat the parts separately.
\bigskip
\begin{tabular}{cccc}
\hline
& \itshape b & \itshape a & \itshape d\\
\hline
initial &
\color{red}\rb{^^^^182a^^^^200d}&
\rb{^^^^1820^^^^200d}&
\rb{^^^^1833^^^^200d}
\\
medial&
\rb{^^^^200d^^^^182a^^^^200d} &
\color{red}\rb{^^^^200d^^^^1820^^^^200d}&
\rb{^^^^200d^^^^1833^^^^200d}
\\
final &
\rb{^^^^200d^^^^182a}&
\rb{^^^^200d^^^^1820}&
\color{red}\rb{^^^^200d^^^^1833}
\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\bigskip
\begin{tabular}{cccccccc}
\rowcolor{blue!7}a & e & i & o & u & oe & ue & ee\\
\rb{^^^^1820} &
\rb{^^^^1821} &
\rb{^^^^1822} &
\rb{^^^^1823} &
\rb{^^^^1824} &
\rb{^^^^1825} &
\rb{^^^^1826} &
\rb{^^^^1827}
\\
\bdtest{^^^^1820} &
\bdtest{^^^^1821} &
\bdtest{^^^^1822} &
\bdtest{^^^^1823} &
\bdtest{^^^^1824} &
\bdtest{^^^^1825} &
\bdtest{^^^^1826} &
\bdtest{^^^^1827}
\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{document}