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如何使用 Latex 中的 pgfplots 制作该图形？

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf pgfplots floats plot
如何使用 Latex 中的 pgfplots 制作该图形？

我尝试找到一个例子来使类似的图形等于这个例子但没有找到。 在此处输入图片描述

谢谢

答案1

你要求用 绘制某种东西pgfplots。pgfplots是一个不错的选择，因为它可以根据 3d 坐标为网格着色。 如下所示

\documentclass[tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.16}
\usepgfplotslibrary{patchplots}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[declare
function={rrr(\x,\y,\z)=sqrt(1+0.1*(\x*\x+\y*\y+\z*\z));}]
\begin{axis}[axis equal,
        width=10cm,
        height=10cm,
        hide axis,
        view={15}{8},
        scale uniformly strategy=units only,
        point meta={symbolic={0.1-0.08*y, % R 
            1-sqrt(x*x+y*y+z*z)/sqrt(4), % G 
            sqrt(x*x+y*y+z*z)/sqrt(4)%B
            } },                   
        domain = -1:1,
        samples y=1,enlargelimits=0.2,
        axis background/.style={fill=black}]
% this example burns colors if opacity 
% is active in the document.
 \fill[white] (0,0,0) circle[radius=0.1cm];
 \foreach \X in {-1,-1/3,1/3,1}
  {\foreach \Y in {-1,-1/3,1/3,1}
    {\edef\temp{\noexpand\addplot3 [thick,patch, patch type=bilinear,
        mesh/color input=explicit mathparse] 
        ({x*rrr(x,\X,\Y)}, {\X*rrr(x,\X,\Y)}, {\Y*rrr(x,\X,\Y)});
        \noexpand\addplot3 [thick,patch, patch type=bilinear,
        mesh/color input=explicit mathparse] ( {\X*rrr(x,\X,\Y)},{x*rrr(x,\X,\Y)},{\Y*rrr(x,\X,\Y)});
        \noexpand\addplot3 [thick,patch, patch type=bilinear,
        mesh/color input=explicit mathparse] ( {\X*rrr(x,\X,\Y)},{\Y*rrr(x,\X,\Y)},{x*rrr(x,\X,\Y)});
        \noexpand\addplot3 [only marks,mark=ball,scatter,scatter src=1,
        samples at={-1,-0.333,0.333,1},
         mark options={ball color=white}] ( {\X*rrr(x,\X,\Y)},{x*rrr(x,\X,\Y)},{\Y*rrr(x,\X,\Y)});      
        }
    \temp}} 
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

但是，pgfplots用透视图来绘制事物并不是一个好选择。对于这一点，这个perspective库是一个更好的选择。所以如果你想要得到屏幕截图中的视图，我建议你问一个分离关于如何使用该perspective库来绘制这个的问题。

尽管如此，您可以伪造透视，并使远处的图层“消失”。这是通过使（逆）“度量”rrr依赖于 来实现的y。（如果您打算使用rrr：请注意，RGB 函数需要输入0和之间的值1。）

\documentclass[tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.16}
\usepgfplotslibrary{patchplots}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[declare
function={rrr(\x,\y,\z)=sqrt(1+0.1*(\x*\x+\y*\y+\z*\z))/(1+0.1*\y);}]
\begin{axis}[axis equal,
        width=10cm,
        height=10cm,
        hide axis,
        clip mode=individual,
        view={8}{8},
        scale uniformly strategy=units only,
        point meta={symbolic={0.1-0.055*y, % R 
            1-sqrt(x*x+y*y+z*z)/sqrt(5), % G 
            sqrt(x*x+y*y+z*z)/sqrt(5)%B
            } },                   
        domain = -1:1,
        samples y=1,enlargelimits=0.2,
        axis background/.style={fill=black}]
% this example burns colors if opacity 
% is active in the document.
%\clip (current axis.south west) rectangle (current axis.north west);
 \foreach \Y in {1,0.333,-0.333,-1}
 {\foreach \X in {-1,-0.333,0.333,1}
    {\edef\temp{\noexpand\addplot3 [thick,patch, patch type=bilinear,
        mesh/color input=explicit mathparse] 
        ({x*rrr(x,\Y,\X)},{\Y*rrr(x,\Y,\X)},{\X*rrr(x,\Y,\X)});
        \noexpand\addplot3 [thick,patch, patch type=bilinear,
        mesh/color input=explicit mathparse] ( {\X*rrr(x,\Y,\X)},{\Y*rrr(x,\Y,\X)},{x*rrr(x,\Y,\X)});
        }
     \temp}
  \foreach \X in {-1,-0.333,0.333,1}
    {\edef\temp{%
        \noexpand\addplot3 [mark layer=like plot,only marks,mark=ball,scatter,scatter src=1,
        samples at={-1,-0.333,0.333,1},mark options={ball color=white}] 
         ({\X*rrr(\X,\Y,x)},{\Y*rrr(\X,\Y,x)},{x*rrr(\X,\Y,x)});
        \ifdim\Y pt>-1pt       
        \noexpand\addplot3 [thick,patch, patch type=bilinear,
         mesh/color input=explicit mathparse,domain=\Y-0.06:\Y-0.6667] 
         ({\X*rrr(\X,x,1)},
         {x*rrr(\X,x,1)},{1*rrr(\X,x,1)});
        \noexpand\addplot3 [thick,patch, patch type=bilinear,
         mesh/color input=explicit mathparse,domain=\Y-0.06:\Y-0.6667] 
         ({\X*rrr(\X,x,0.333)},
         {x*rrr(\X,x,0.333)},{0.333*rrr(\X,x,0.333)});
        \noexpand\addplot3 [thick,patch, patch type=bilinear,
         mesh/color input=explicit mathparse,domain=\Y-0.06:\Y-0.6667] 
         ({\X*rrr(\X,x,-0.333)},
         {x*rrr(\X,x,-0.333)},{-0.333*rrr(\X,x,-0.333)});
        \noexpand\addplot3 [thick,patch, patch type=bilinear,
         mesh/color input=explicit mathparse,domain=\Y-0.06:\Y-0.6667] 
         ({\X*rrr(\X,x,-1)},
         {x*rrr(\X,x,-1)},{-1*rrr(\X,x,-1)});
        \noexpand\path[fill=black,fill opacity=0.1] (-1.2,\Y+0.667,-1.2) -- 
        (1.2,\Y+0.667,-1.2) -- (1.2,\Y+0.667,1.2) -- (-1.2,\Y+0.667,1.2) 
        -- cycle;
        \fi
        }
    \temp}}
 \fill[white] (0,0,0) circle[radius=0.1cm];
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

或者中心有一个模糊的光源。

\documentclass[tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.16}
\usepgfplotslibrary{patchplots}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[declare
function={rrr(\x,\y,\z)=sqrt(1+0.1*(\x*\x+\y*\y+\z*\z))/(1+0.1*\y);}]
\begin{axis}[axis equal,
        width=10cm,
        height=10cm,
        hide axis,
        clip mode=individual,
        view={8}{8},
        scale uniformly strategy=units only,
        point meta={symbolic={0.1-0.055*y, % R 
            1-sqrt(x*x+y*y+z*z)/sqrt(5), % G 
            sqrt(x*x+y*y+z*z)/sqrt(5)%B
            } },                   
        domain = -1:1,
        samples y=1,enlargelimits=0.2,
        axis background/.style={fill=black}]
% this example burns colors if opacity 
% is active in the document.
%\clip (current axis.south west) rectangle (current axis.north west);
 \foreach \Y in {1,0.333,-0.333,-1}
 {\foreach \X in {-1,-0.333,0.333,1}
    {\edef\temp{\noexpand\addplot3 [thick,patch, patch type=bilinear,
        mesh/color input=explicit mathparse] 
        ({x*rrr(x,\Y,\X)},{\Y*rrr(x,\Y,\X)},{\X*rrr(x,\Y,\X)});
        \noexpand\addplot3 [thick,patch, patch type=bilinear,
        mesh/color input=explicit mathparse] ( {\X*rrr(x,\Y,\X)},{\Y*rrr(x,\Y,\X)},{x*rrr(x,\Y,\X)});
        }
     \temp}
  \foreach \X in {-1,-0.333,0.333,1}
    {\edef\temp{%
        \noexpand\addplot3 [mark layer=like plot,only marks,mark=ball,scatter,scatter src=1,
        samples at={-1,-0.333,0.333,1},mark options={ball color=white}] 
         ({\X*rrr(\X,\Y,x)},{\Y*rrr(\X,\Y,x)},{x*rrr(\X,\Y,x)});
        \ifdim\Y pt>-1pt       
        \noexpand\addplot3 [thick,patch, patch type=bilinear,
         mesh/color input=explicit mathparse,domain=\Y-0.06:\Y-0.6667] 
         ({\X*rrr(\X,x,1)},
         {x*rrr(\X,x,1)},{1*rrr(\X,x,1)});
        \noexpand\addplot3 [thick,patch, patch type=bilinear,
         mesh/color input=explicit mathparse,domain=\Y-0.06:\Y-0.6667] 
         ({\X*rrr(\X,x,0.333)},
         {x*rrr(\X,x,0.333)},{0.333*rrr(\X,x,0.333)});
        \noexpand\addplot3 [thick,patch, patch type=bilinear,
         mesh/color input=explicit mathparse,domain=\Y-0.06:\Y-0.6667] 
         ({\X*rrr(\X,x,-0.333)},
         {x*rrr(\X,x,-0.333)},{-0.333*rrr(\X,x,-0.333)});
        \noexpand\addplot3 [thick,patch, patch type=bilinear,
         mesh/color input=explicit mathparse,domain=\Y-0.06:\Y-0.6667] 
         ({\X*rrr(\X,x,-1)},
         {x*rrr(\X,x,-1)},{-1*rrr(\X,x,-1)});
        \noexpand\path[fill=black,fill opacity=0.1] (-1.2,\Y+0.667,-1.2) -- 
        (1.2,\Y+0.667,-1.2) -- (1.2,\Y+0.667,1.2) -- (-1.2,\Y+0.667,1.2) 
        -- cycle;
        \fi
        }
    \temp}}
 \foreach \X in {0.9,0.8,...,0}
  {\edef\temp{\noexpand\fill[white,opacity=1-\X,even odd rule] 
    (0,0,0) circle[radius=0.1cm+\X*0.04cm+0.004cm]
circle[radius=0.1cm+\X*0.04cm];}
   \temp}
 \fill[white] (0,0,0) circle[radius=0.1cm];
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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