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使用 tikz 绘制衰减波

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使用 tikz 绘制衰减波

我有代码（由堆栈慷慨修正）

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,bending}
\usepackage{xparse}
\usepackage{tikz}

\usetikzlibrary{3d}
\begin{document}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{70}{20}
\begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords,
declare function={pX=2;}]
 \begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=0]
 \draw (-pX,-pX) coordinate (bl1) -- (pX,-pX) coordinate (br1)
   -- (pX,pX) coordinate (tr1)  -- (-pX,pX) coordinate (tl1) -- cycle;
   \draw[stealth-stealth] (0,pX) node[below left]{$$}
   -- (0,0) --  (pX,0) node[below left]{$$};
   \pgflowlevelsynccm
 \end{scope}
 %\foreach \X in {bl,tl,br,tr}
 %{\draw[-latex] (\X1) -- ++ (1,0,0);}
 %
 %\draw (0,0,0) -- (4,0,0);
 % plane
  \fill[gray,fill opacity=0] (-1,-4,0) -- (7,-4,0) --
  (7,4,0) -- (-1,4,0) -- cycle;
 \begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=4]
  \draw (-pX,-pX) coordinate (bl2) -- (pX,-pX) coordinate (br2)
   -- (pX,pX) coordinate (tr2)  -- (-pX,pX) coordinate (tl2) -- cycle;
   \draw[stealth-stealth];
 \end{scope}
 \draw[-latex] (4,0,0) -- (5.5,0,0) node[below left]{$$};
 %\foreach \X in {bl,tl,br,tr}
 %{\draw[-latex] (\X2) -- ++ (1,0,0);}
  \begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=0]
   \begin{scope}
      \clip (0,-2) rectangle (4,3);
      \draw[densely dashed] (0,-2) -- (0,2);
      \foreach \X in {0.25,0.75,...,5}
       {\pgfmathsetmacro{\myrnd}{rnd*360}
       \foreach \Y in {-1.75,-1.25,...,1.75}
        {
        \draw[-stealth] ({\X-0.2*cos(\myrnd)},{\Y-0.2*sin(\myrnd)}) --
        ({\X+0.2*cos(\myrnd)},{\Y+0.2*sin(\myrnd)});
        }
        \draw[densely dashed] (\X+.25,-2) -- (\X+0.25,2);}
%       \foreach \X in {-2,-1.6,...,2}
%        {\draw (0,\X) parabola ++(5,1);}
   \end{scope} 
  \end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}



\end{document}

输出 在此处输入图片描述 我想知道是否可以绘制如下所示的入射极化波，其波长等于虚线之间的间距，从最左边的矩形进入。 在此处输入图片描述 然后，就像波从右边的矩形开始退出一样，它有一个衰减的随机振幅，就像虚线所在的空间消耗能量并扭曲波一样。这是我想要的最终结果 在此处输入图片描述

在 SchrodingersCat 的帮助下，我

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
    \usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
    \usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,bending}
    \usepackage{xparse}
    \usepackage{tikz}

    \usetikzlibrary{3d}
    \begin{document}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{70}{20}
\begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords,
declare function={pX=2;}]
 \begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=0]
 \draw (-pX,-pX) coordinate (bl1) -- (pX,-pX) coordinate (br1)
   -- (pX,pX) coordinate (tr1)  -- (-pX,pX) coordinate (tl1) -- cycle;
   \draw[stealth-stealth] (0,pX) node[below left]{$$}
   -- (0,0) --  (pX,0) node[below left]{$$};
   \pgflowlevelsynccm
 \end{scope}
 %\foreach \X in {bl,tl,br,tr}
 %{\draw[-latex] (\X1) -- ++ (1,0,0);}
 %
 %\draw (0,0,0) -- (4,0,0);
 % plane
  \fill[gray,fill opacity=0] (-1,-4,0) -- (7,-4,0) --
  (7,4,0) -- (-1,4,0) -- cycle;
 \begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=4]
  \draw (-pX,-pX) coordinate (bl2) -- (pX,-pX) coordinate (br2)
   -- (pX,pX) coordinate (tr2)  -- (-pX,pX) coordinate (tl2) -- cycle;
   \draw[stealth-stealth];
 \end{scope}
 %\draw[-latex] (4,0,0) -- (5.5,0,0) node[below left]{$$};
  \begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=0]
   \begin{scope}
      \clip (0,-2) rectangle (4,3);
      \draw[densely dashed] (0,-2) -- (0,2);
      \foreach \X in {0.25,0.75,...,5}
       {\pgfmathsetmacro{\myrnd}{rnd*360}
       \foreach \Y in {-1.75,-1.25,...,1.75}
        {
        \draw[-stealth] ({\X-0.2*cos(\myrnd)},{\Y-0.2*sin(\myrnd)}) --
        ({\X+0.2*cos(\myrnd)},{\Y+0.2*sin(\myrnd)});
        }
        \draw[densely dashed] (\X+.25,-2) -- (\X+0.25,2);}
   \end{scope} 
  \end{scope}
%
\begin{scope}[shift={($(-4,0,0)-(0,0,0)$)}]
 \begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=0,dashed]
   \foreach \X in {0.1,0.3,...,3.2}
    {\begin{scope}
      \pgflowlevelsynccm
      \draw[-latex,thick] (1*\X,0) -- (1*\X,{-sin(\X*180)});
     \end{scope} 
    }
   \draw plot[smooth,domain=0:4,samples=41] (1*\x,{-sin(\x*180)});  
  \begin{scope}
   \pgflowlevelsynccm
   \draw[-latex,ultra thick,solid] (12.2,0) -- (12.8,0);
  \end{scope}
 \end{scope} 
 \begin{scope}[canvas is xz plane at y=0]
   \foreach \X in {0.1,0.3,...,3.2}
    {\begin{scope}
      \pgflowlevelsynccm
      \draw[-latex,thick] (1*\X,0) -- (1*\X,{sin(\X*180)});
     \end{scope} 
    }
   \draw plot[smooth,domain=0:4,samples=41] (1*\x,{sin(\x*180)});   
 \end{scope} 
 \node at (1*3.5,1.75,0) {$$};
 \node at (1*3.5,0,-1.25) {$$};
\end{scope} 

%
\begin{scope}[shift={($(4,0,0)-(0,0,0)$)}]
 \begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=0,dashed]
   \foreach \X in {0.4,0.6,...,3}
    {\begin{scope}
      \pgflowlevelsynccm
      \draw[-latex,thick] (1*\X,0) -- (1*\X,{-.2*sin(\X*180)});
     \end{scope} 
    }
   \draw plot[smooth,domain=0:4,samples=41] (1*\x,{-.2*sin(\x*180)});  
  \begin{scope}
   \pgflowlevelsynccm
   \draw[-latex,ultra thick,solid] (12.2,0) -- (12.8,0);
  \end{scope}
 \end{scope} 
 \begin{scope}[canvas is xz plane at y=0]
   \foreach \X in {0.4,0.6,...,3}
    {\begin{scope}
      \pgflowlevelsynccm
      \draw[-latex,thick] (1*\X,0) -- (1*\X,{.5*sin(\X*180)});
     \end{scope} 
    }
   \draw plot[smooth,domain=0:4,samples=41] (1*\x,{.5*sin(\x*180)});   
 \end{scope} 
 \node at (1*3.5,1.75,0) {$$};
 \node at (1*3.5,0,-1.25) {$$};
\end{scope} 

\end{tikzpicture}






\end{document}

输出 在此处输入图片描述

答案1

一种方法是

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
\begin{document}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{70}{50}
\begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords]
 \begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=0,dashed]
   \foreach \X in {0.1,0.3,...,3.9}
    {\begin{scope}
      \pgflowlevelsynccm
      \draw[-latex,thick] (3*\X,0) -- (3*\X,{-2*sin(\X*180)});
     \end{scope} 
    }
   \draw plot[smooth,domain=0:4,samples=41] (3*\x,{-2*sin(\x*180)});    
  \begin{scope}
   \pgflowlevelsynccm
   \draw[-latex,ultra thick,solid] (12.2,0) -- (12.8,0);
  \end{scope}
 \end{scope} 
 \begin{scope}[canvas is xz plane at y=0]
   \foreach \X in {0.1,0.3,...,3.9}
    {\begin{scope}
      \pgflowlevelsynccm
      \draw[-latex,thick] (3*\X,0) -- (3*\X,{2*sin(\X*180)});
     \end{scope} 
    }
   \draw plot[smooth,domain=0:4,samples=41] (3*\x,{2*sin(\x*180)}); 
 \end{scope} 
 \node at (3*3.5,2.5,0) {$\vec B$};
 \node at (3*3.5,0,-2.5) {$\vec E$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

您可以像这样将其添加到您的图片中：

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
\begin{document}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{70}{20}
\begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords,
declare function={pX=2;}]
 \begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=0]
 \draw (-pX,-pX) coordinate (bl1) -- (pX,-pX) coordinate (br1)
   -- (pX,pX) coordinate (tr1)  -- (-pX,pX) coordinate (tl1) -- cycle;
   \draw[stealth-stealth] (0,pX) node[below left]{$$}
   -- (0,0) --  (pX,0) node[below left]{$$};
   \pgflowlevelsynccm
 \end{scope}
 %\foreach \X in {bl,tl,br,tr}
 %{\draw[-latex] (\X1) -- ++ (1,0,0);}
 %
 %\draw (0,0,0) -- (4,0,0);
 % plane
  \fill[gray,fill opacity=0] (-1,-4,0) -- (7,-4,0) --
  (7,4,0) -- (-1,4,0) -- cycle;
 \begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=4]
  \draw (-pX,-pX) coordinate (bl2) -- (pX,-pX) coordinate (br2)
   -- (pX,pX) coordinate (tr2)  -- (-pX,pX) coordinate (tl2) -- cycle;
   \draw[stealth-stealth];
 \end{scope}
 \draw[-latex] (4,0,0) -- (5.5,0,0) node[below left]{$$};
  \begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=0]
   \begin{scope}
      \clip (0,-2) rectangle (4,3);
      \draw[densely dashed] (0,-2) -- (0,2);
      \foreach \X in {0.25,0.75,...,5}
       {\pgfmathsetmacro{\myrnd}{rnd*360}
       \foreach \Y in {-1.75,-1.25,...,1.75}
        {
        \draw[-stealth] ({\X-0.2*cos(\myrnd)},{\Y-0.2*sin(\myrnd)}) --
        ({\X+0.2*cos(\myrnd)},{\Y+0.2*sin(\myrnd)});
        }
        \draw[densely dashed] (\X+.25,-2) -- (\X+0.25,2);}
   \end{scope} 
  \end{scope}
%
\begin{scope}[shift={($(-5,0,0)-(0,0,0)$)}]
 \begin{scope}[canvas is xy plane at z=0,dashed]
   \foreach \X in {0.1,0.3,...,3.9}
    {\begin{scope}
      \pgflowlevelsynccm
      \draw[-latex,thick] (1*\X,0) -- (1*\X,{-sin(\X*180)});
     \end{scope} 
    }
   \draw plot[smooth,domain=0:4,samples=41] (1*\x,{-sin(\x*180)});  
  \begin{scope}
   \pgflowlevelsynccm
   \draw[-latex,ultra thick,solid] (12.2,0) -- (12.8,0);
  \end{scope}
 \end{scope} 
 \begin{scope}[canvas is xz plane at y=0]
   \foreach \X in {0.1,0.3,...,3.9}
    {\begin{scope}
      \pgflowlevelsynccm
      \draw[-latex,thick] (1*\X,0) -- (1*\X,{sin(\X*180)});
     \end{scope} 
    }
   \draw plot[smooth,domain=0:4,samples=41] (1*\x,{sin(\x*180)});   
 \end{scope} 
 \node at (1*3.5,1.75,0) {$\vec B$};
 \node at (1*3.5,0,-1.25) {$\vec E$};
\end{scope} 
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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