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Tikzpicture 上的矩形具有独立定位

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Tikzpicture 上的矩形具有独立定位

我认为我的问题非常简单，但我还没有找到合适的解决方案。

我想要一个 tikzpicture，它将在下一张幻灯片上被其他 tikz 内容覆盖。例如一个矩形，这样整个图片就可以透明，并在其上方添加一些文本。但是，我还没有找到任何解决方案，如何在同一张幻灯片上叠加 tikz 内容而不影响彼此的定位。我尝试使用前景

把它们放在不同的幻灯片上，定位是独立的：

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\pgfdeclarelayer{background}
\pgfdeclarelayer{foreground}
\pgfsetlayers{background,main,foreground}
\begin{document}
    \begin{frame}[c]{Frame Titel}
        \centering
        \begin{tikzpicture}
        \only<1>{
            \node[circle,minimum width=4cm,fill=red](a){};
            \node[left=-1cm of a.south west](SUST){Sustainability};
            \node[yshift=2cm,xshift=2cm,circle,minimum width=4cm,fill=green](b){};
            \node[right=-1cm of b.north east](PSY){Psychology};
            \node[yshift=-1cm,xshift=3cm,circle,minimum width=4cm,fill=blue](c){};
            \node[right=-1cm of c.south east](MARK){Marketing};
        }

        \only<2>
        {
            \begin{pgfonlayer}{foreground}
            \centering
            \node[rectangle,minimum width=\textwidth,minimum height=\textheight,fill=gray,opacity=0.8](node name){};

            \end{pgfonlayer}{foreground}
        }
        \end{tikzpicture}   
    \end{frame}
\end{document}

但当将它们放在同一张幻灯片上时，背景部分会移动：

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\pgfdeclarelayer{background}
\pgfdeclarelayer{foreground}
\pgfsetlayers{background,main,foreground}
\begin{document}
    \begin{frame}[c]{Frame Titel}
        \centering
        \begin{tikzpicture}
        \only<1->{
            \node[circle,minimum width=4cm,fill=red](a){};
            \node[left=-1cm of a.south west](SUST){Sustainability};
            \node[yshift=2cm,xshift=2cm,circle,minimum width=4cm,fill=green](b){};
            \node[right=-1cm of b.north east](PSY){Psychology};
            \node[yshift=-1cm,xshift=3cm,circle,minimum width=4cm,fill=blue](c){};
            \node[right=-1cm of c.south east](MARK){Marketing};
        }

        \only<2>
        {
            \begin{pgfonlayer}{foreground}
            \centering
            \node[rectangle,minimum width=\textwidth,minimum height=\textheight,fill=gray,opacity=0.8](node name){};

            \end{pgfonlayer}{foreground}
        }

        \end{tikzpicture}   
    \end{frame}
\end{document}

答案1

欢迎！有一个专门用于这种情况的库，overlay-beamer-styles。它的工作原理是将幻灯片上应隐藏对象的不透明度设置为零。由于您想使用opacity=0.8，您需要使用alt键。您可以将矩形放置在(current bounding box.center)以使其适当居中。所以你想使用

\node[rectangle,minimum width=\textwidth,minimum height=\textheight,
    fill=gray,alt=<2->{opacity=0.8}{opacity=0}](node name) at (current
    bounding box.center){};

请注意，这\centering没有效果。此外，foreground不需要该层，但我保留它，假设您想添加更多元素。我在以下示例中介绍了这两种情况。

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,overlay-beamer-styles}
\pgfdeclarelayer{background}
\pgfdeclarelayer{foreground}
\pgfsetlayers{background,main,foreground}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}[c]{Only visible on $<1>$}
\centering
 \begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{scope}[visible on=<1>]
        \node(a){\includegraphics[width=4cm]{example-image-a.pdf}};
        \node[left=-1cm of a.south west](SUST){Sustainability};
        \node[yshift=2cm,xshift=2cm](b){\includegraphics[width=4cm]{example-image-b.pdf}};
        \node[right=-1cm of b.north east](PSY){Psychology};
        \node[yshift=-1cm,xshift=3cm](c){\includegraphics[width=4cm]{example-image-c}};
        \node[right=-1cm of c.south east](MARK){Marketing};
    \end{scope}

        \begin{pgfonlayer}{foreground}
        \node[rectangle,minimum width=\textwidth,minimum height=\textheight,
        fill=gray,alt=<2->{opacity=0.8}{opacity=0}](node name) at (current
        bounding box.center){};
        \end{pgfonlayer}{foreground}

 \end{tikzpicture}   
\end{frame}

\begin{frame}[c]{Visible on $<1-2>$}
\centering
 \begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{scope}[visible on=<1-2>]
        \node(a){\includegraphics[width=4cm]{example-image-a.pdf}};
        \node[left=-1cm of a.south west](SUST){Sustainability};
        \node[yshift=2cm,xshift=2cm](b){\includegraphics[width=4cm]{example-image-b.pdf}};
        \node[right=-1cm of b.north east](PSY){Psychology};
        \node[yshift=-1cm,xshift=3cm](c){\includegraphics[width=4cm]{example-image-c}};
        \node[right=-1cm of c.south east](MARK){Marketing};
    \end{scope}

        \begin{pgfonlayer}{foreground}
        \centering
        \node[rectangle,minimum width=\textwidth,minimum height=\textheight,
        fill=gray,alt=<2->{opacity=0.8}{opacity=0}](node name) at (current
        bounding box.center){};
        \end{pgfonlayer}{foreground}

 \end{tikzpicture}   
\end{frame}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

还可以使用overlay-beamer-styles 及其宏\alt{...}{...}（正如@Schrödinger's cat 在他的回答中所建议的那样），但没有和，\only<...>就像pgfonlayer你在 MWE 中那样：

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,
                overlay-beamer-styles}

\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Frame Titel}
    \centering
    \setkeys{Gin}{width=4cm}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
         inner sep = 0pt,
every label/.style = {label distance=-1mm, inner sep=2mm}
                            ]
\node[label=below left:Sustainability]      (a) {\includegraphics{example-image-duck}}; 
\node[label=above right:Psychology,
      above right=8mm and 0mm of a.center]  (b) {\includegraphics{example-image-duck}}; \node[label=below right:Marketing,
      below right=3mm and 9mm of a.center]  (c) {\includegraphics{example-image-duck}};
\fill[gray, 
      alt=<2->{fill opacity=0.8, text opacity=1}{fill opacity=0, text opacity=0}, % <---
      scale=1.2] 
      (current bounding box.south west) rectangle 
      (current bounding box.north east)
      node[midway, font=\huge, text=red] {some text};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

在此处输入图片描述

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