我怎样才能使用乳胶绘制这个图形？

Question

我如何使用 LaTex 绘制这个图形？

Answer 1

此站点上已经存在相当多此类图表，但可能尚未提供patterns.meta，这让我们更容易控制图案。（也可以使用angles库，但对于一个弧来说，这可能有点过头了。）

\documentclass[tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing,patterns.meta} 
\pgfdeclarepattern{
name=shatch, parameters={\hatchsize,\hatchangle,\hatchlinewidth}, 
bottom left={\pgfpoint{-.1pt}{-.1pt}},
top right={\pgfpoint{\hatchsize+.1pt}{\hatchsize+.1pt}}, tile size={\pgfpoint{\hatchsize}{\hatchsize}},
tile transformation={\pgftransformrotate{\hatchangle}}, code={
\pgfsetlinewidth{\hatchlinewidth} 
\pgfpathmoveto{\pgfpoint{-.1pt}{\hatchsize/2}} 
\pgfpathlineto{\pgfpoint{\hatchsize+.1pt}{\hatchsize/2}} 
\pgfusepath{stroke}
} }
\tikzset{
hatch size/.store in=\hatchsize,
hatch angle/.store in=\hatchangle,
hatch line width/.store in=\hatchlinewidth, 
hatch size=5pt,
hatch angle=0pt,
hatch line width=.5pt,
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[declare function={beta=30;},>=stealth,semithick]
 \begin{scope}[rotate=-beta]
  \path[pattern=shatch] (0,0) rectangle (-0.4,1.2); 
  \draw[<->] (0,2) node[right] {$y$} |- (6,0) node[right]{$x$}
   coordinate[pos=0.95](x);
  \draw[decorate,decoration={zigzag,segment length=4mm,amplitude=2mm}]
   (0,0.2) -- (4,0.2) node[midway,above=2ex]{$(k,\ell)$};
  \draw[fill=cyan] (3.8,0) rectangle ++ (0.6,0.4); 
  \path (4.1,0.5) node[above right] {$M(m)$};
 \end{scope}
 \draw (x) -- ++ (-5,0);
 \draw (x) + (-2,0) arc[start angle=180,end angle=180-beta,radius=2]
  node[midway,left] {$\beta$};
 \draw[<-] (3,2) -- ++ (0,1); 
 \draw[->] (3.1,2.6) -- ++ (0.5,0) node[midway,below] {$g$}; 
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}