如何创建如下图所示的表格？

Question

如何创建如下图所示的表格？我读过 latex 表格样式文章在这里。但我没找到。

begin{tabular}{||c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline \hline$x$ & $t$ & Exact solution $u(x, t)$ & $u_{4}(x, t)$ & HPM and DTM $u_{4}(x, t)$ & Abssolute error $u_{4}(x, t)$ & Abssolute error HPM and DTM $u_{4}(x, t)[17,18]$ \\
\hline 0.25 & 0.25 & $3.2101 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $3.2101 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $3.21004 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $5.7849 \cdot 10^{-7}$ & $2.1224 \cdot 10^{-6}$ \\
\hline 0.25 & 0.5 & $4.1218 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $4.1216 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $4.12109 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $2.00 \cdot 10^{-5}$ & $7.09427 \cdot 10^{-5}$ \\
\hline 0.25 & 0.75 & $5.2925 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $5.2909 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $5.28687 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $1.6439 \cdot 10^{-4}$ & $5.63481 \cdot 10^{-4}$ \\
\hline 0.25 & $1 .$ & $6.7957 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $6.7882 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $6.77083 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $7.5129 \cdot 10^{-4}$ & $2.48712 \cdot 10^{-3}$ \\
\hline 0.5 & 0.25 & $6.4201 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $6.4201 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $6.42008 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $1.157 \cdot 10^{-6}$ & $4.2448 \cdot 10^{-6}$ \\
\hline 0.5 & 0.5 & $8.2436 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $8.2432 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $8.24219 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $4.00 \cdot 10^{-5}$ & $1.41885 \cdot 10^{-4}$ \\
\hline 0.5 & 0.75 & 1.0585 & 1.0582 & 1.05737 & $3.2879 \cdot 10^{-4}$ & $1.12696 \cdot 10^{-3}$ \\
\hline 0.5 & $1 .$ & 1.3591 & 1.3576 & 1.35417 & $1.5026 \cdot 10^{-3}$ & $4.97425 \cdot 10^{-3}$ \\
\hline 0.75 & 0.25 & $9.6302 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $9.6302 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $9.63013 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $1.7355 \cdot 10^{-6}$ & $6.3672 \cdot 10^{-6}$ \\
\hline 0.75 & 0.5 & 1.2365 & 1.2365 & 1.23633 & $6.00 \cdot 10^{-5}$ & $2.12828 \cdot 10^{-4}$ \\
\hline 0.75 & 0.75 & 1.5878 & 1.5873 & 1.58606 & $4.9318 \cdot 10^{-4}$ & $1.69044 \cdot 10^{-3}$ \\
\hline 0.75 & $1 .$ & 2.0387 & 2.0365 & 2.03125 & $2.2539 \cdot 10^{-3}$ & $7.46137 \cdot 10^{-3}$ \\
\hline $1 .$ & 0.25 & 1.284 & 1.284 & 1.28402 & $2.314 \cdot 10^{-6}$ & $8.4896 \cdot 10^{-6}$ \\
\hline $1 .$ & 0.5 & 1.6487 & 1.6486 & 1.64844 & $8.00 \cdot 10^{-5}$ & $2.83771 \cdot 10^{-4}$ \\
\hline $1 .$ & 0.75 & 2.117 & 2.1163 & 2.11475 & $6.5758 \cdot 10^{-4}$ & $2.25392 \cdot 10^{-3}$ \\
\hline $1 .$ & $1 .$ & 2.7183 & 2.7153 & 2.70833 & $3.0052 \cdot 10^{-3}$ & $9.9485 \cdot 10^{-3}$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

Answer 1

这可能是也可能不是一个开始。它看起来与目标输出类似。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=1.5cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{colortbl}
\usepackage{makecell}
% \usepackage{siunitx} %<- consider using
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begingroup\setlength{\fboxsep}{1pt}
\fbox{\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline\rowcolor{gray!30} 
$x$ & $t$ & \makecell{Exact solution\\ $u(x, t)$} & $u_{4}(x, t)$ &
\makecell{HPM and DTM\\ $u_{4}(x, t)$} & \makecell{Absolute error\\ $u_{4}(x,
t)$} & \makecell{Absolute error HPM and\\ DTM $u_{4}(x, t)[17,18]$} \\[2ex]
\hline 0.25 & 0.25 & $3.2101 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $3.2101 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $3.21004 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $5.7849 \cdot 10^{-7}$ & $2.1224 \cdot 10^{-6}$ \\
\hline 0.25 & 0.5 & $4.1218 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $4.1216 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $4.12109 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $2.00 \cdot 10^{-5}$ & $7.09427 \cdot 10^{-5}$ \\
\hline 0.25 & 0.75 & $5.2925 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $5.2909 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $5.28687 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $1.6439 \cdot 10^{-4}$ & $5.63481 \cdot 10^{-4}$ \\
\hline 0.25 & $1 .$ & $6.7957 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $6.7882 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $6.77083 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $7.5129 \cdot 10^{-4}$ & $2.48712 \cdot 10^{-3}$ \\
\hline 0.5 & 0.25 & $6.4201 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $6.4201 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $6.42008 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $1.157 \cdot 10^{-6}$ & $4.2448 \cdot 10^{-6}$ \\
\hline 0.5 & 0.5 & $8.2436 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $8.2432 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $8.24219 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $4.00 \cdot 10^{-5}$ & $1.41885 \cdot 10^{-4}$ \\
\hline 0.5 & 0.75 & 1.0585 & 1.0582 & 1.05737 & $3.2879 \cdot 10^{-4}$ & $1.12696 \cdot 10^{-3}$ \\
\hline 0.5 & $1 .$ & 1.3591 & 1.3576 & 1.35417 & $1.5026 \cdot 10^{-3}$ & $4.97425 \cdot 10^{-3}$ \\
\hline 0.75 & 0.25 & $9.6302 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $9.6302 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $9.63013 \cdot 10^{-1}$ & $1.7355 \cdot 10^{-6}$ & $6.3672 \cdot 10^{-6}$ \\
\hline 0.75 & 0.5 & 1.2365 & 1.2365 & 1.23633 & $6.00 \cdot 10^{-5}$ & $2.12828 \cdot 10^{-4}$ \\
\hline 0.75 & 0.75 & 1.5878 & 1.5873 & 1.58606 & $4.9318 \cdot 10^{-4}$ & $1.69044 \cdot 10^{-3}$ \\
\hline 0.75 & $1 .$ & 2.0387 & 2.0365 & 2.03125 & $2.2539 \cdot 10^{-3}$ & $7.46137 \cdot 10^{-3}$ \\
\hline $1 .$ & 0.25 & 1.284 & 1.284 & 1.28402 & $2.314 \cdot 10^{-6}$ & $8.4896 \cdot 10^{-6}$ \\
\hline $1 .$ & 0.5 & 1.6487 & 1.6486 & 1.64844 & $8.00 \cdot 10^{-5}$ & $2.83771 \cdot 10^{-4}$ \\
\hline $1 .$ & 0.75 & 2.117 & 2.1163 & 2.11475 & $6.5758 \cdot 10^{-4}$ & $2.25392 \cdot 10^{-3}$ \\
\hline $1 .$ & $1 .$ & 2.7183 & 2.7153 & 2.70833 & $3.0052 \cdot 10^{-3}$ & $9.9485 \cdot 10^{-3}$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}}\endgroup
\end{table}
\end{document}

Answer 2

如果创建了一个包含大量垂直线和水平线的表格，其中一些应该是双线，那么很容易给人一种高安全性监狱的印象，因为这些讨厌的数字——读者的眼睛不敢进入这个监狱，以免永远被困在那里。我建议你通过省略所有垂直线并使用更少但间距更好的水平线来获得更“开放”的外观。这可以通过用包的线条绘制宏替换\hline和来实现。\clinebooktabs

我还想建议您使用siunitx包的机制 - 特别是它的S列类型 - 来排版数字；我会为标题材料提供一些更明确的结构，最后但并非最不重要的是，我会使用一个tabularx环境来允许根据需要自动换行，标题单元格中的材料。

以下是我提出的解决方案：

\documentclass{article} % or some other suitable document class
\usepackage{booktabs} % for \toprule, \midrule, \bottomrule etc macros
\usepackage{siunitx} % for 'S' column type
\newcolumntype{T}[1]{S[table-format=#1,
                 tight-spacing=true,exponent-product=\cdot,
                 round-mode=places,round-precision=4]}
\usepackage{tabularx,ragged2e}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\Centering}X} % centered version of 'X' column type
\newcommand\mC[1]{\multicolumn{1}{C}{#1}} % handy shortcut macro

\usepackage{newtxtext,newtxmath} % optional
\usepackage{caption} 
\captionsetup{skip=0.333\baselineskip,font=bf} % captions in bold

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\setlength\tabcolsep{4pt}  % default: 6pt
\caption{\boldmath Comparison fourth solution of FVIM for $\alpha=1$ 
         with those obtained by HPM and DTM}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{} *{2}{S[table-format=1.2]} *{5}{T{1.4e-1}} @{}}
\toprule
$x$ & $t$ 
&\multicolumn{3}{c}{Solutions}
&\multicolumn{2}{c@{}}{Absolute error}\\
\cmidrule(lr){3-5}\cmidrule(l){6-7}
&& \mC{Exact solution $u(x, t)$} 
&  \mC{$u_{4}(x, t)$} 
&  \mC{HPM and DTM $u_{4}(x, t)$}
&  \mC{$u_{4}(x, t)$} 
&  \multicolumn{1}{C@{}}{HPM and DTM $u_{4}(x, t)$ [17, 18]} \\
\midrule 
0.25 & 0.25 & 3.2101e-1 & 3.2101e-1 & 3.21004e-1 & 5.7849e-7 & 2.1224e-6 \\
0.25 & 0.5  & 4.1218e-1 & 4.1216e-1 & 4.12109e-1 & 2.00e-5 & 7.09427e-5 \\
0.25 & 0.75 & 5.2925e-1 & 5.2909e-1 & 5.28687e-1 & 1.6439e-4 & 5.63481e-4 \\
0.25 & 1.   & 6.7957e-1 & 6.7882e-1 & 6.77083e-1 & 7.5129e-4 & 2.48712e-3 \\ 
\addlinespace
0.5  & 0.25 & 6.4201e-1 & 6.4201e-1 & 6.42008e-1 & 1.157e-6 & 4.2448e-6 \\
0.5  & 0.5  & 8.2436e-1 & 8.2432e-1 & 8.24219e-1 & 4.00e-5 & 1.41885e-4 \\
0.5  & 0.75 & 1.0585 & 1.0582 & 1.05737 & 3.2879e-4 & 1.12696e-3 \\
0.5  & 1.   & 1.3591 & 1.3576 & 1.35417 & 1.5026e-3 & 4.97425e-3 \\
\addlinespace
0.75 & 0.25 & 9.6302e-1 & 9.6302e-1 & 9.63013e-1 & 1.7355e-6 & 6.3672e-6 \\
0.75 & 0.5  & 1.2365 & 1.2365 & 1.23633 & 6.00e-5 & 2.12828e-4 \\
0.75 & 0.75 & 1.5878 & 1.5873 & 1.58606 & 4.9318e-4 & 1.69044e-3 \\
0.75 & 1.   & 2.0387 & 2.0365 & 2.03125 & 2.2539e-3 & 7.46137e-3 \\
\addlinespace
1.   & 0.25 & 1.284 & 1.284 & 1.28402 & 2.314e-6 & 8.4896e-6 \\
1.   & 0.5  & 1.6487 & 1.6486 & 1.64844 & 8.00e-5 & 2.83771e-4 \\
1.   & 0.75 & 2.117 & 2.1163 & 2.11475 & 6.5758e-4 & 2.25392e-3 \\
1.   & 1.   & 2.7183 & 2.7153 & 2.70833 & 3.0052e-3 & 9.9485e-3 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}