根据文档/babel 语言翻译参考书目中的位置

Question

我经常用德语和英语写文章，并使用 JabRef 来整理我的参考文献。引用大量会议论文时，总是根据文档语言更改位置的语言往往很烦人。所以我想知道我是否可以为 biblatex 提供一种词典，这样我就不必每次都调整我的数据库。

例如，我想在序言中定义：

Munich = München
Germany = Deutschland

如果文档或 babel 语言是ngerman。

这能做到吗？

---

平均能量损失

\documentclass[ngerman]{article}

\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}

\begin{filecontents}{bla.bib}
    @inproceedings{Orwell1984,
        author  = "George Orwell",
        title   = "1984",
        year    = "1948",
        booktitle = "Books about big brothers",
        location = "Munich, Germany",
    }
\end{filecontents}

\RequirePackage[backend=biber,style=ieee-alphabetic]{biblatex}

\addbibresource{bla.bib}
\begin{document}
    \cite{Orwell1984}. \\
    \printbibliography 
\end{document}

Answer 1

您可以使用biblatex的 bibstring 来翻译某些短语。问题是什么才是好的界面。如果您希望能够在一个字段中组合任意术语，则必须执行类似以下操作（感觉有点笨拙）。

\documentclass[ngerman]{article}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage[backend=biber,style=ieee-alphabetic]{biblatex}

\NewBibliographyString{munich,germany}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{german}{
  munich  = {München},
  germany = {Deutschland},
}

\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@inproceedings{Orwell1984,
  author    = {George Orwell},
  title     = {1984},
  year      = {1948},
  booktitle = {Books about big brothers},
  location  = {\bibstring{munich}, \bibstring{germany}},
}
\end{filecontents}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}

\begin{document}
  \autocite{Orwell1984}
  \printbibliography 
\end{document}

---

如果你同意每个字段只使用一个字符串，那么你可以让事情变得更好一点

\documentclass[ngerman]{article}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage[backend=biber,style=ieee-alphabetic]{biblatex}

\NewBibliographyString{de-munich}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{german}{
  de-munich  = {München},
}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{
  de-munich  = {Munich, Germany},
}

\DeclareListFormat{location}{%
  \usebibmacro{list:delim}{#1}%
  \ifbibstring{#1}{\bibstring{#1}}{#1}\isdot
  \usebibmacro{list:andothers}}

\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@inproceedings{Orwell1984,
  author    = {George Orwell},
  title     = {1984},
  year      = {1948},
  booktitle = {Books about big brothers},
  location  = {de-munich},
}
\end{filecontents}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}

\begin{document}
  \autocite{Orwell1984}
  \printbibliography 
\end{document}

---

更像 BibTeX 的解决方案使用@strings。您可以在不同的文件（每种语言一个）中为每个位置定义字符串.bib，然后.bib在文档中选择所需语言的文件。

\documentclass[ngerman]{article}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage[backend=biber,style=ieee-alphabetic]{biblatex}


\begin{filecontents}{locationstrings-german.bib}
@string{de:munich = "München"}
\end{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{locationstrings-english.bib}
@string{de:munich = "Munich, Germany"}
\end{filecontents}
% select the bib file for the language you want
\addbibresource{locationstrings-german.bib}

\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@inproceedings{Orwell1984,
  author    = {George Orwell},
  title     = {1984},
  year      = {1948},
  booktitle = {Books about big brothers},
  location  = de:munich,
}
\end{filecontents}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}


\begin{document}
  \autocite{Orwell1984}
  \printbibliography 
\end{document}

---

仍处于试验阶段的多文字版本biblatex可能也会引起人们的兴趣：https://github.com/plk/biblatex/issues/416

Answer 2

\documentclass[ngerman]{article}

\usepackage[ngerman]{babel}

\begin{filecontents}{german-strings.bib}
    @string{muenchen={München}}
    @string{germany={Deutschland}}
\end{filecontents}


\begin{filecontents}[overwrite]{bla.bib}
    @inproceedings{Orwell1984,
        author  = "George Orwell",
        title   = "1984",
        year    = "1948",
        booktitle = "Books about big brothers",
        location = muenchen # ", " # germany
    }
\end{filecontents}

\RequirePackage[backend=biber,style=ieee-alphabetic]{biblatex}

\addbibresource{german-strings.bib}
\addbibresource{bla.bib}
\begin{document}
    \cite{Orwell1984}. \\
    \printbibliography
\end{document}