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如何绘制衍射波？

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如何绘制衍射波？

所以我正在为我的学生准备一堂关于机械波的课，当我到达衍射部分时，我需要做一些像这样的图形： 在此处输入图片描述

对于第一个我很容易就完成了，结果如下： 在此处输入图片描述 以下是代码：

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
\draw[smooth] (0,0)--(0,-6);
\draw[smooth] (1,0)--(1,-6);
\draw[smooth] (2,0)--(2,-6);
\draw[smooth] (3,0)--(3,-6);
\draw[smooth] (4,0)--(4,-6);
\draw[ultra thick] (5,1)--(5,-2);
\draw[ultra thick] (5,-3.5)--(5,-7);
\draw[smooth,<->] (0.1,0)--(0.9,0) node[above, midway] {$\lambda$};
\draw[smooth] (6,-2)--(6,-3.5);
\draw[smooth] (7,-2)--(7,-3.5);
\draw[smooth] (8,-2)--(8,-3.5);
\draw[smooth, <->] (6.1,-2)--(6.9,-2) node[above, midway] {$\lambda$};
\draw[smooth, ->] (5.5,-1)--(5.1,-1.9);
\node[right] at (5.5,-0.9) {La fente $a$};
\node[] at (5,1.4) {Figure $1$};
\end{tikzpicture}

但是我对第二张图遇到了一些问题，在第二部分中，波应该被衍射：即使我使用弧代码，我也无法绘制这些弧，我想我不明白它是如何工作的： 在此处输入图片描述

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[smooth] (0,0)--(0,-6);
\draw[smooth] (1,0)--(1,-6);
\draw[smooth] (2,0)--(2,-6);
\draw[smooth] (3,0)--(3,-6);
\draw[smooth] (4,0)--(4,-6);
\draw[ultra thick] (5,1)--(5,-2);
\draw[ultra thick] (5,-3)--(5,-7);
\draw[smooth,<->] (0.1,0)--(0.9,0) node[above, midway] {$\lambda$};
\draw[smooth, ->] (5,-1.9) arc (0:-50:3);
\draw[smooth, ->] (5.5,-1)--(5.1,-1.9);
\node[right] at (5.5,-0.9) {La fente $a$};
\end{tikzpicture}

有什么建议么？

答案1

开始的事情

在此处输入图片描述

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
    \draw[smooth] (0,0)--(0,-6);
    \draw[smooth] (1,0)--(1,-6);
    \draw[smooth] (2,0)--(2,-6);
    \draw[smooth] (3,0)--(3,-6);
    \draw[smooth] (4,0)--(4,-6);
    \draw[ultra thick] (5,1)--(5,-2);
    \draw[ultra thick] (5,-3.5)--(5,-7);
    \draw[smooth,<->] (0.1,0)--(0.9,0) node[above, midway] {$\lambda$};
%   \draw[smooth] (6,-2)--(6,-3.5);
%   \draw[smooth] (7,-2)--(7,-3.5);
%   \draw[smooth] (8,-2)--(8,-3.5);
%   \draw[smooth, <->] (6.1,-2)--(6.9,-2) node[above, midway] {$\lambda$};
%   \draw[smooth, ->] (5.5,-1)--(5.1,-1.9);
%   \node[right] at (5.5,-0.9) {La fente $a$};
    \node[] at (5,1.4) {Figure $1$};
      \def\Radius{0.75}
    
    \draw
    (5,-3.5) arc(-90:+90:\Radius) -- cycle
    ;
\end{tikzpicture}

还有一些微调

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article} % or another class
\usepackage{xcolor} % before tikz or tkz-euclide if necessary

\usepackage{tkz-euclide} % no need to load TikZ
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
    \draw[smooth] (0,0)--(0,-6);
    \draw[smooth] (1,0)--(1,-6);
    \draw[smooth] (2,0)--(2,-6);
    \draw[smooth] (3,0)--(3,-6);
    \draw[smooth] (4,0)--(4,-6);
    \draw[ultra thick] (5,1)--(5,-2)coordinate(b);
    \draw[ultra thick] (5,-3.5)coordinate(a)--(5,-7);
    \draw[smooth,<->] (0.1,0)--(0.9,0) node[above, midway] {$\lambda$};
    \node[] at (5,1.4) {Figure $1$};
      \def\Radius{0.75}
    
    \draw[blue,thick]
    (5,-3.5) arc(-90:+90:\Radius) 
    ;
        \draw[blue,thick]
    ($(5,-3.5)+(0,-0.5)$) arc(-90:+90:1.25) 
    ;
        \draw[blue,thick]
    ($(5,-3.5)+(0,-1.5)$) arc(-90:+90:2.25) 
    ;
    \draw[draw=none] (a)-- node[midway](b'){}(b);
    \draw[ <->, red]($(b')+(1.25,0)$) --($(b')+(2.25,0)$)node[above, midway] {$\lambda$};
    \draw[->,red, thick]($(b')+(2.5,0)$) --($(b')+(3.5,0)$);
    \draw[->,red, thick, rotate=45]($(b')+(2.5,0)$) --($(b')+(3.5,0)$);
    \draw[->,red, thick, rotate=-45]($(b')+(2.5,0)$) --($(b')+(3.5,0)$);
    \draw[<->,red, ](a) --(b)node[left, midway] {$a$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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