我无法让 PSS 列中的某些数字显示出来，甚至不显示其他数字，有人可以帮帮我吗？
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{multirow,longtable, array, booktabs, makecell,rotating}
\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2206}{\ensuremath\delta}
\begin{document}
\begin{longtable}{cccp{21.145em}cccc}
\caption{Add caption}
\centering
Dataset & kappa & Model & \multicolumn{1}{c}{Parameters} & \multicolumn{1}{p{6.5em}}{Likelihood\newline{}(lnL)} & 2∆lnL (LRT) & \multicolumn{1}{p{6.215em}}{Significance\newline{}(p-value)} & \multicolumn{1}{p{4.855em}}{PSS} \\
\midrule
\multirow{12}[1]{*}{\begin{sideways}Basal 40\end{sideways}} & \multirow{4}[1]{*}{0.2} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.616 q = 0.374} & 4234.922 & \multirow{2}[1]{*}{4.121} & \multirow{2}[1]{*}{1.000} & \multirow{4}[1]{*}{-} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.994 p = 0.634 q = 0.421 \newline{}(p1 = 0.006) w = 2.742 & 4236.983 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.516 p = 32.811 q = 99.000\newline{}(p1 = 0.484) w = 1.000 & 4232.605 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{8.755} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{1.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.994 p = 0.634 q = 0.421 \newline{}(p1 = 0.006) w = 2.742 & 4236.983 & & & \\
& \multirow{4}[0]{*}{2} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.642 q = 0.412} & 4235.016 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{6.681} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.035} & \multirow{4}[0]{*}{-} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.748 p = 1.586 q = 2.192 \newline{}(p1 = 0.252) w = 1.475 & 4231.675 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.516 p = 32.811 q = 99.000 \newline{}(p1 = 0.4838) w = 1.000 & 4232.605 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{1.860} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.173} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.748 p = 1.586 q = 2.192 \newline{}(p1 = 0.252) w = 1.475 & 4231.675 & & & \\
& \multirow{4}[0]{*}{5} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.548 q = 0.314} & 4235.293 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{5.375} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.068} & \multirow{4}[0]{*}{-} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.859 p = 0.918 q = 0.804 \newline{}(p1 = 0.141) w = 1.701 & 4232.419 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.516 p = 32.811 q = 99.000 \newline{}(p1 = 0.484) w = 1.000 & 4232.605 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.372} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.542} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.859 p = 0.918 q = 0.804 \newline{}(p1 = 0.141) w = 1.701 & 4232.419 & & & \\
\multirow{12}[0]{*}{\begin{sideways}Strisores Aequorlitornithes 40 \end{sideways}} & \multirow{4}[0]{*}{0.2} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.651 q = 0.345} & 5150.191 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{43.958} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \multirow{4}[0]{*}{231, 276} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.755 p = 77.686 q = 99.000\newline{}(p1 = 0.245) w = 1.968 & 5128.212 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.528 p = 37.626 q = 99.000 \newline{}(p1 = 0.472) w = 1.000 & 5141.065 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{25.706} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.755 p = 77.686 q = 99.000\newline{}(p1 = 0.245) w = 1.968 & 5128.212 & & & \\
& \multirow{4}[0]{*}{2} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.651 q = 0.341} & 5147.952 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{34.978} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{4}[0]{*}{48, 231, 276}} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.851 p = 1.259 q = 0.934 \newline{}(p1 = 0.149) w = 2.375 & 5130.463 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.535 p = 39.756 q = 99.000 \newline{}(p1 = 0.465) w = 1.000 & 5141.103 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{21.279} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.851 p = 1.259 q = 0.934 \newline{}(p1 = 0.149) w = 2.375 & 5130.463 & & & \\
& \multirow{4}[0]{*}{5} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.722 q = 0.415} & 5147.937 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{13.745} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.001} & \multirow{4}[0]{*}{231, 276} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.831 p = 1.645 q = 1.435 \newline{}(p1 = 0.169) w = 2.193 & 5129.820 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.528 p = 37.626 q = 99.000 \newline{}(p1 = 0.472) w = 1.000 & 5141.065 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{22.491} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.831 p = 1.645 q = 1.435 \newline{}(p1 = 0.169) w = 2.193 & 5129.820 & & & \\
\multirow{12}[0]{*}{\begin{sideways}Acanthisittidae Tyranni Passeri 40\end{sideways}} & \multirow{4}[0]{*}{0.2} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.474 q = 0.321} & -9711.558 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{234.997} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{4}[0]{*}{33 , 36 , 37 , 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 67, 69, 111, 116, 122, 124, 125, 127, 128, 130, 153, 157, 164, 179, 228, 229, 230, 231, 233, 234, 237, 238, 241, 243, 265, 275}} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.799 p = 0.561 q = 0.446 \newline{}(p1 = 0.201) w = 2.790 & -9594.059 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.507 p = 2.450 q = 11.117\newline{}(p1 = 0.494) w = 1.000 & -9688.670 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{189.221} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.799 p = 0.561 q = 0.446 \newline{}(p1 = 0.201) w = 2.790 & -9594.059 & & & \\
& \multirow{4}[0]{*}{2} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.480 q = 0.319} & -9711.442 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{234.203} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{4}[0]{*}{14, 33 , 36 , 37 , 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 67, 69, 111, 116, 122, 124, 125, 127, 128, 130, 153, 157, 164, 179, 228, 229, 230, 231, 233, 234, 237, 238, 241, 243, 265, 275}} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.800 p = 0.550 q = 0.435 \newline{}(p1 = 0.200) w = 2.762 & -9594.340 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.507 p = 2.450 q = 11.120 \newline{}(p1 = 0.494) w = 1.000 & -9688.670 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{188.659} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.800 p = 0.550 q = 0.435 \newline{}(p1 = 0.200) w = 2.762 & -9594.340 & & & \\
& \multirow{4}[0]{*}{5} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.187 q = 0.041} & -9713.369 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{237.519} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{4}[0]{*}{14, 33 , 36 , 37 , 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 67, 69, 111, 113, 116, 122, 124, 125, 127, 128, 130, 153, 157, 164, 179, 228, 229, 230, 231, 233, 234, 237, 238, 241, 243, 265, 275}} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.811 p = 0.540 q = 0.444 \newline{}(p1 = 0.189) w = 2.768 & -9594.610 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.507 p = 2.450 q = 11.117 \newline{}(p1 = 0.494) w = 1.000 & -9688.670 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{188.120} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.811 p = 0.540 q = 0.444 \newline{}(p1 = 0.189) w = 2.768 & -9594.610 & & & \\
\multirow{12}[0]{*}{\begin{sideways}Passeri 1 40\end{sideways}} & \multirow{4}[0]{*}{0.2} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.421 q = 0.386} & -11405.799 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{256.626} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{4}[0]{*}{6, 7, 20, 33,\newline{} 36, 40, 41, 43,\newline{} 46, 48, 49, 50, \newline{}52, 55, 56, 57, \newline{}59, 60, 61, 64,\newline{} 70, 112, 114, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 151, 152, 158, 160, 161, 163, 164, 165, 180, 184, 188, 190, 205, 206, 220, 231, 232, 235, 238, 239, 242, 244, 245, 246, 252, 256, 266, 277, 279}} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.745 p = 0.872 q = 1.130 \newline{}(p1 = 0.255) w = 2.364 & -11277.486 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.598 p = 2.219 q = 8.395\newline{}(p1 = 0.402) w = 1.000 & -11373.833 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{192.695} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.745 p = 0.872 q = 1.130 \newline{}(p1 = 0.255) w = 2.364 & -11277.486 & & & \\
& \multirow{4}[0]{*}{2} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.469 q = 0.411} & -11405.085 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{253.680} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{4}[0]{*}{ 6, 7, 20, 33, 36, 40, 41, 43, 46, 48, 49, 50, 52, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 64, 70, 112, 114, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 151, 152, 158, 160, 161, 163, 164, 165, 180, 184, 188, 190, 205, 206, 220, 231, 232, 235, 238, 239, 242, 244, 245, 246, 252, 256, 266, 277, 279}} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.767 p = 0.860 q = 1.137 \newline{}(p1 = 0.233) w = 2.325 & -11278.245 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.598 p = 2.219 q = 8.395 \newline{}(p1 = 0.402) w = 1.000 & -11373.833 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{191.177} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.767 p = 0.860 q = 1.137 \newline{}(p1 = 0.233) w = 2.325 & -11278.245 & & & \\
& \multirow{4}[0]{*}{5} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.437 q = 0.387} & -11405.189 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{62.711} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{4}[0]{*}{6, 7, 20, 33, 36, 40, 41, 43, 46, 48, 49, 50, 52, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 64, 70, 112, 114, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 151, 152, 158, 160, 161, 163, 164, 165, 180, 184, 188, 190, 205, 206, 220, 231, 232, 235, 238, 239, 242, 244, 245, 246, 252, 256, 266, 277, 279}} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.777 p = 0.839 q = 1.090 \newline{}(p1 = 0.223) w = 2.389 & -11278.856 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.598 p = 2.219 q = 8.395 \newline{}(p1 = 0.402) w = 1.000 & -11373.833 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{189.954} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.777 p = 0.839 q = 1.090 \newline{}(p1 = 0.223) w = 2.389 & -11278.856 & & & \\
\multirow{12}[0]{*}{\begin{sideways}Passeri 2 40\end{sideways}} & \multirow{4}[0]{*}{0.2} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.581 q = 0.493} & -15508.558 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{192.533} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{4}[0]{*}{7, 11, 70, 117, 126, 128, 131, 154, 160, 165, 180, 188, 220, 235, 239, 266, 275, 279}} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.920 p = 0.669 q = 0.610\newline{}(p1 = 0.080) w = 2.609 & -15412.292 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.667 p = 1.297 q = 3.397 \newline{}(p1 = 0.333) w = 1.000 & -15489.545 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{154.507} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.920 p = 0.669 q = 0.610\newline{}(p1 = 0.080) w = 2.609 & -15412.292 & & & \\
& \multirow{4}[0]{*}{2} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.545 q = 0.489} & -15509.467 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{194.352} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{4}[0]{*}{7, 11, 70, 117, 126, 128, 131, 154, 160, 165, 180, 188, 220, 235, 239, 266, 275, 279}} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.920 p = 0.669 q = 0.610 \newline{}(p1 = 0.080) w = 2.609 & -15412.292 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.667 p = 1.297 q = 3.397 \newline{}(p1 = 0.333) w = 1.000 & -15489.545 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{154.507} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.920 p = 0.669 q = 0.610 \newline{}(p1 = 0.080) w = 2.609 & -15412.292 & & & \\
& \multirow{4}[0]{*}{5} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.551 q = 0.465} & -15509.257 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{39.424} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{4}[0]{*}{7, 11, 70, 117, 126, 128, 131, 154, 160, 165, 166, 180, 188, 220, 235, 239, 266, 275, 279}} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.928 p = 0.698 q = 0.676 \newline{}(p1 = 0.072) w = 2.372 & -15415.125 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.667 p = 1.297 q = 3.396\newline{}(p1 = 0.333) w = 1.000 & -15489.545 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{148.840} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.928 p = 0.698 q = 0.676 \newline{}(p1 = 0.072) w = 2.372 & -15415.125 & & & \\
\multirow{12}[0]{*}{\begin{sideways}Passeri 3 40\end{sideways}} & \multirow{4}[0]{*}{0.2} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.106 q = 0.223} & -19091.743 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{610.258} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{4}[0]{*}{7, 36, 40, 43, 46, 48, 49, 52, 55, 56, 57, 59, 61, 117, 125, 128, 131, 149, 152, 154, 158, 164, 179, 187, 230, 231, 238, 243, 255, 265}} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.855 p = 0.679 q = 0.569\newline{}(p1 = 0.146) w = 2.593 & -18786.613 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.604 p = 1.530 q = 4.571 \newline{}(p1 = 0.396) w = 1.000 & -18950.591 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{327.956} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.855 p = 0.679 q = 0.569\newline{}(p1 = 0.146) w = 2.593 & -18786.613 & & & \\
& \multirow{4}[0]{*}{2} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.576 q = 0.480} & -18987.839 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{402.451} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{4}[0]{*}{7, 36, 40, 43, 46, 48, 49, 52, 55, 56, 57, 59, 61, 117, 125, 128, 131, 149, 152, 154, 158, 164, 179, 187, 230, 231, 238, 243, 255, 265}} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.855 p = 0.679 q = 0.569\newline{}(p1 = 0.146) w = 2.593 & -18786.613 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.604 p = 1.530 q = 4.571\newline{}(p1 = 0.396) w = 1.000 & -18950.591 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{327.956} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.855 p = 0.679 q = 0.569\newline{}(p1 = 0.146) w = 2.593 & -18786.613 & & & \\
& \multirow{4}[0]{*}{5} & M7 & \multicolumn{1}{c}{p = 0.094 q = 0.0676} & -19012.260 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{123.336} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{4}[0]{*}{7, 36, 40, 43, 46, 48, 49, 52, 55, 56, 57, 59, 61, 117, 125, 128, 131, 149, 152, 154, 158, 164, 179, 187, 230, 231, 238, 243, 255, 265}} \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.881 p = 0.663 q = 0.539\newline{}(p1 = 0.119) w = 2.727 & -18788.235 & & & \\
& & M8a & p0 = 0.604 p = 1.530 q = 4.571\newline{}(p1 = 0.39624) w = 1.000 & -18950.591 & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{324.714} & \multirow{2}[0]{*}{0.000} & \\
& & M8 & p0 = 0.881 p = 0.663 q = 0.539\newline{}(p1 = 0.119) w = 2.727 & -18788.235 & & & \\
\label{tab:addlabel}%
\end{longtable}%
\end{document}
答案1
只需对大约一半的代码片段进行小规模清理，并对单元格进行少许格式化\multirow，然后删除所有\multicolumn单元格。
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage[margin=20mm]{geometry}
%---------------- show page layout. don't use in a real document!
\usepackage{showframe}
\renewcommand\ShowFrameLinethickness{0.15pt}
\renewcommand*\ShowFrameColor{\color{red}}
%---------------------------------------------------------------%
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{array, booktabs, longtable, makecell, multirow}
\begin{document}
\small
\setlength\tabcolsep{2.4pt}
\begin{longtable}{@{}ccc l ccc
>{\linespread{0.84}\selectfont\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{15em}
@{} }
\toprule
\caption{Add caption} \\
\centering
\makecell{Data\\set}
& $\kappa$
& Model
& \makecell{Parameters}
& \makecell{Likelihood\\ (lnL)}
& \makecell{$2\Delta\ln L$\\ (LRT)}
& \makecell{Significance\\ (p-value)}
& \makecell{PSS} \\
\midrule
\multirow{21}[1]{*}{\rotatebox{90}{Basal 40}}
& \multirow{4}{*}{0.2}
& M7 & p = 0.616, q = 0.374
& 4234.922
& \multirow{2}{*}{4.121}
& \multirow{2}{*}{1.000}
& \multirow{4}{*}{---} \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.994, p = 0.634 q = 0.421,\\
(p1 = 0.006), w = 2.742}
& 4236.983 & & & \\
& & M8a & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.516, p = 32.811, q = 99.000,\\
(p1 = 0.484), w = 1.000}
& 4232.605
& \multirow{2}{*}{8.755}
& \multirow{2}{*}{1.000} & \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.994, p = 0.634, q = 0.421,\\
(p1 = 0.006), w = 2.742}
& 4236.983
& & \\
\cmidrule{2-8}
& \multirow{4}{*}{2}
& M7 & p = 0.642, q = 0.412
& 4235.016
& \multirow{2}{*}{6.681}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.035}
& \multirow{4}{*}{---} \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.748, p = 1.586, q = 2.192,\\
(p1 = 0.252), w = 1.475}
& 4231.675
& & \\
& & M8a & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.516, p = 32.811, q = 99.000\\
(p1 = 0.4838), w = 1.000}
& 4232.605
& \multirow{2}{*}{1.860}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.173} \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.748, p = 1.586, q = 2.19,2\\
(p1 = 0.252), w = 1.475}
& 4231.675
& & & \\
\cmidrule{2-8}
& \multirow{4}{*}{5}
& M7 & p = 0.548 q = 0.314
& 4235.293
& \multirow{2}{*}{5.375}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.068}
& \multirow{4}{*}{---} \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.859, p = 0.918, q = 0.804\\
(p1 = 0.141), w = 1.701}
& 4232.419
& & & \\
& & M8a & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.516, p = 32.811, q = 99.000\\
(p1 = 0.484), w = 1.000}
& 4232.605
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.372}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.542}
& \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.859, p = 0.918, q = 0.804,\\
(p1 = 0.141) w = 1.701}
& 4232.419
& & & \\
\midrule
\multirow{21}{*}{\rotatebox{90}{Strisores Aequorlitornithes 40}}
& \multirow{4}{*}{0.2}
& M7 & p = 0.651, q = 0.345
& 5150.191
& \multirow{2}{*}{43.958}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.000}
& \multirow{4}{=}{231, 276} \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.755, p = 77.686, q = 99.000,\\
(p1 = 0.245), w = 1.968}
& 5128.212
& & & \\
& & M8a & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.528, p = 37.626, q = 99.000,\\
(p1 = 0.472), w = 1.000}
& 5141.065
& \multirow{2}{*}{25.706}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.000}
& \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.755, p = 77.686, q = 99.000\\
(p1 = 0.245), w = 1.968}
& 5128.212
& & & \\
\cmidrule{2-8}
& \multirow{4}{*}{2}
& M7 & p = 0.651, q = 0.341
& 5147.952
& \multirow{2}{*}{34.978}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.000}
& \multirow{4}{=}{48, 231, 276} \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.851, p = 1.259, q = 0.934,\\
(p1 = 0.149), w = 2.375}
& 5130.463
& & & \\
& & M8a & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.535, p = 39.756, q = 99.000,\\
(p1 = 0.465), w = 1.000}
& 5141.103
& \multirow{2}{*}{21.279}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.000}
& \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.851, p = 1.259, q = 0.934,\\
(p1 = 0.149), w = 2.375}
& 5130.463
& & & \\
\cmidrule{2-8}
& \multirow{4}{*}{5}
& M7 & p = 0.722, q = 0.415
& 5147.937
& \multirow{2}{*}{13.745}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.001}
& \multirow{4}{*}{231, 276} \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.831, p = 1.645, q = 1.435,\\
(p1 = 0.169) w = 2.193}
& 5129.820
& & & \\
& & M8a & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.528, p = 37.626, q = 99.000,\\
(p1 = 0.472) w = 1.000}
& 5141.065
& \multirow{2}{*}{22.491}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.000}
& \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.831, p = 1.645, q = 1.435,\\
(p1 = 0.169), w = 2.193}
& 5129.820
& & & \\
\midrule
\pagebreak
\midrule
\multirow{21}{*}{\rotatebox{90}{Acanthisittidae Tyranni Passeri 40}}
& \multirow{4}{*}{0.2}
& M7 & p = 0.474, q = 0.321
& -9711.558
& \multirow{2}{*}{234.997}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.000}
& \multirow{4}{=}{33 , 36 , 37 , 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 67, 69, 111, 116, 122, 124, 125, 127, 128, 130, 153, 157, 164, 179, 228, 229, 230, 231, 233, 234, 237, 238, 241, 243, 265, 275} \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.799, p = 0.561, q = 0.446,\\
(p1 = 0.201), w = 2.790}
& -9594.059
& & & \\
& & M8a & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.507, p = 2.450, q = 11.117,\\
(p1 = 0.494), w = 1.000}
& -9688.670 &
\multirow{2}{*}{189.221}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.000}
& \\
& & M8 &\makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.799, p = 0.561, q = 0.446,\\
(p1 = 0.201), w = 2.790}
& -9594.059
& & & \\
\cmidrule{2-8}
& \multirow{4}{*}{2}
& M7 & p = 0.480 q = 0.319
& -9711.442
& \multirow{2}{*}{234.203}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.000}
& \multirow{4}{=}{14, 33 , 36 , 37 , 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 67, 69, 111, 116, 122, 124, 125, 127, 128, 130, 153, 157, 164, 179, 228, 229, 230, 231, 233, 234, 237, 238, 241, 243, 265, 275} \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.800, p = 0.550, q = 0.435,\\
(p1 = 0.200) w = 2.762}
& -9594.340
& & & \\
& & M8a & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.507, p = 2.450, q = 11.120,\\
(p1 = 0.494) w = 1.000}
& -9688.670
& \multirow{2}{*}{188.659}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.000}
& \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.800, p = 0.550, q = 0.435,\\
(p1 = 0.200) w = 2.762}
& -9594.340
& & & \\
\cmidrule{2-8}
& \multirow{4}{*}{5}
& M7 & p = 0.187, q = 0.041
& -9713.369
& \multirow{2}{*}{237.519}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.000}
& \multirow{4}{=}{14, 33 , 36 , 37 , 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 51, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 67, 69, 111, 113, 116, 122, 124, 125, 127, 128, 130, 153, 157, 164, 179, 228, 229, 230, 231, 233, 234, 237, 238, 241, 243, 265, 275} \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.811, p = 0.540, q = 0.444,\\
(p1 = 0.189), w = 2.768}
& -9594.610
& & & \\
& & M8a & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.507, p = 2.450, q = 11.117,\\
(p1 = 0.494), w = 1.000}
& -9688.670
& \multirow{2}{*}{188.120}
& \multirow{2}{*}{0.000}
& \\
& & M8 & \makecell[l]{ p0 = 0.811, p = 0.540, q = 0.444,\\
(p1 = 0.189), w = 2.768}
& -9594.610
& & & \\
\midrule
\end{longtable}%
\end{document}
您可以按照我在上面的 MWE 中所做的方式编辑表格的其他部分。但是，在开始之前，请重新考虑是否值得。我将按照@leandriis 不错的回答 (+1) 中所示的方式进行。注意，
longtable只能在行之间拆分表格。由于第一列中的多行单元格跨越 12 行（总共 21 行），因此可以在某个跨行处拆分它。这导致这些单元格的内容仅在一页上可见，突出页面底部。可以通过手动拆分这些单元格前的表格或\\*在第一列多行单元格开头以外的所有行中使用表格来防止这种情况。
上述 MWE 生成下表：
（红线表示页面布局，目前是第二页的表格的一部分）
答案2
这里尝试重新设计表格的一部分以避免出现非常宽的列和多行：
\documentclass{article}
%\usepackage{dissertation}
\usepackage{longtable, array, booktabs, makecell}
\usepackage{multirow,rotating}
\renewcommand{\theadfont}{\normalsize}
\begin{document}
\begin{longtable}{cclcccl}
\caption{Add caption}\\
% \centering
\thead{kappa}
& \thead{Model}
& \thead{Parameters}
& \thead{Likelihood\\(lnL)}
& \thead{2∆lnL\\ (LRT)}
& \thead{Significance\\(p-value)}
& \thead{PSS} \\
\midrule
\multicolumn{7}{@{}l}{Dataset: Basal 40}\\
0.2 & M7 & p = 0.616 & 4234.922 & 4.121 & 1.000 & - \\
& & q = 0.374 \\
& M8 & p0 = 0.994 & 4236.983 & & & \\
& & p = 0.634 \\
& & q = 0.421 \\
& & (p1 = 0.006) \\
& & w = 2.742 \\
& M8a & p0 = 0.516 & 4232.605 & 8.755 & 1.000 & \\
& & p = 32.811 \\
& & q = 99.000 \\
& & (p1 = 0.484) \\
& & w = 1.000 \\
& M8 & p0 = 0.994 & 4236.983 & & & \\
& & p = 0.634 \\
& & q = 0.421 \\
& & (p1 = 0.006) \\
& & w = 2.742 \\
\midrule
\multicolumn{7}{@{}l}{Dataset: Strisores Aequorlitornithes 40}\\
\label{tab:addlabel}%
\end{longtable}%
\end{document}