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我应该如何绘制链接列表，每个节点都由附加节点指向

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我应该如何绘制链接列表，每个节点都由附加节点指向

我想画一个链表示例，如下图所示。想法类似于以下解决方案我应该如何绘制单/双链表？，但我无法从北交点到南交点画出箭头。

在此处输入图片描述

我已经使用以下示例如何在 Latex 上制作图形（节点和边）？。

  • 我无法将标签放在框旁边，然后用虚线指向它们。还有虚线矩形覆盖顶部的三个框。

我尝试过的最少代码：

\documentclass[tikz,margin=3]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{shadows} % Shadows for nodes
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \tikzset{% This is the style settings for nodes
    dep/.style={square,minimum size=1cm,fill=orange!20,draw=orange,
      general shadow={fill=gray!60,shadow xshift=1pt,shadow yshift=-1pt}},
    cli/.style={square,minimum size=1cm,fill=white,draw,
      general shadow={fill=gray!60,shadow xshift=1pt,shadow yshift=-1pt}},
    spl/.style={square,append after command={
        node[circle,draw,dotted,
        minimum size=1.5cm] at (\tikzlastnode.center) {}}},
    c1/.style={-stealth,very thick,black!80!black},
    v2/.style={-stealth,very thick,yellow!65!black},
    v4/.style={-stealth,very thick,purple!70!black}}
  \node[dep] (1) at (0,0) {0};
  \node[dep] (2) at (2,0) {4};
  \node[dep] (3) at (4,0) {10};
   %
  \node[cli] (16) at (6,0) {tail};

  \node[cli] (7) at (0,-2) {-16};
  \node[cli] (8) at (2,-2) {-16};
  \node[cli] (9) at (4,-2) {-16};
  %
  \node[cli] (10) at (0,-3) {3};
  \node[cli] (11) at (2,-3) {10};
  \node[cli] (12) at (4,-3) {15};
  %
  \node[dep] (13) at (0,-4) {4};
  \node[dep] (14) at (2,-4) {10};
  \node[cli] (15) at (4,-4) {/};

  \draw[c1] (1) -- (7);
  \draw[c1] (2) -- (8);
  \draw[c1] (3) -- (9);
  \draw[c1] (16) -- (3);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案1

通常，任何看起来像矩阵的东西都可以用 TikZ 矩阵更轻松地制作。而且通常 TikZ 矩阵比繁琐的单个节点放置更容易。

1. 来自startpost的图片：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[margin=5pt, tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\footnotesize\sffamily,
>=stealth, 
]
\matrix (m) [matrix of nodes,  nodes in empty cells,
nodes={draw, %thick, 
%inner sep=0pt,   outer sep=0pt,
%minimum width=1.9em,
text height=\ht\strutbox,
text depth=\dp\strutbox,
text width =1.5\ht\strutbox,
align=center, anchor=center,
}, 
column sep=1em, row sep=-\pgflinewidth,
Fill/.style 2 args={row #1 column #2/.style={nodes={fill=cyan!66}}},
Fill/.list={ {5}{2}, {5}{3} },
row 1/.style={nodes={draw=none}  },
column 1/.style={column sep=2em,
nodes={align=right, draw=none, text width=1cm}  },
%
row 2 column 1/.style={nodes={xshift=-2mm}},
%
column 5/.style={nodes={draw=none}  },
row 2 column 5/.style={nodes={draw}  },
%
row 2/.style={row sep=1.5em,   },
%
column 4/.style={column sep=1.75em,   },
]{
          &         &        &        &  tail   \\
mapping   &  0      &  4     &  10    & 10       \\
value     &  -16    &  -16   &  -16   &          \\
point     &  3      &  10    &  15    &           \\
next      &  4      &  10    &  /     &            \\
%1  &  2   &  3   &  4   &  5   \\
};

% Annotations:
\foreach \col in {2,...,4}{
\draw[->] (m-2-\col) -- (m-3-\col);     }
\draw[->] (m-2-5) -- (m-2-4);

\foreach \row in {3,...,5}{
\draw[shorten >=2pt] (m-\row-1) -- (m-\row-2);     }

\draw[shorten >=1em] (m-2-1) -- (m-2-2);     
    
\draw[densely dashed] ([shift={(-0.5em,0.5em)}]m-2-2.north west) rectangle ([shift={(0.5em,-0.5em)}]m-2-\lastcolP.south east);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

2. 行数和列数可变：

没有类似的键row last/.style=...，所以您需要创建它们，然后根据扩展顺序使用一些技巧：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\makeatletter
\tikzset{store number of columns in/.style={execute at end matrix={
\xdef#1{\the\pgf@matrix@numberofcolumns}}},
store number of rows in/.style={execute at end matrix={
\xdef#1{\the\pgfmatrixcurrentrow}}}}
\makeatother

\begin{document}
% Wrong start values
\def\lastrow{1}
\def\lastcol{1}
\def\lastcolP{1}
\newcommand\mymatrix{%%%
\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\footnotesize\sffamily,
>=stealth, 
]
\matrix (m) [matrix of nodes,  nodes in empty cells,
store number of columns in=\lastcol,
store number of rows in=\lastrow,
ampersand replacement=\&, 
nodes={draw, %thick, 
inner sep=0pt,   outer sep=0pt,
minimum width=1.9em,
text height=\ht\strutbox,
text depth=\dp\strutbox,
text width =1.5\ht\strutbox,
align=center, anchor=center,
}, 
column sep=1em, row sep=-\pgflinewidth,
]{
       \&    \&      \&     \&        \&  tail   \\
mapping\&  0 \&  4   \& new  \&  1    \&  10    \\
value  \&  -16  \&  -16 \& new  \&  -16  \&   \\
point  \&  3   \&  10  \& new   \&  15   \&     \\
new    \& new  \&  new   \& new \&  new  \&     \\  
new    \& new  \&  new   \& new \&  new  \&     \\  
new    \& new  \&  new   \& new \&  new  \&     \\  
next   \&  4      \&  10       \& new     \&  /  \&   \\
%1  \&  2   \&  3   \&  4   \&  5   \& 6 \\
};
%
% Annotations:
\foreach \col in {2,...,\lastcolP}{
\draw[->] (m-2-\col) -- (m-3-\col);     }
\draw[->] (m-2-\lastcol) -- (m-2-\lastcolP);

\foreach \row in {3,...,\lastrow}{
\draw[shorten >=2pt, shorten <=2pt] (m-\row-1) -- (m-\row-2);     }

\draw[shorten >=0.7em, shorten <=3pt] (m-2-1) -- (m-2-2);     

\draw[densely dashed] ([shift={(-0.5em,0.5em)}]m-2-2.north west) rectangle ([shift={(0.5em,-0.5em)}]m-2-\lastcolP.south east);
\end{tikzpicture}
}%%%

\newsavebox{\mybox}
\savebox{\mybox}{\mymatrix}

\section{Wrong} 
\mymatrix 

\section{Still Wrong} 
\usebox{\mybox} \par
Last col is: \lastcol.  Last row is \lastrow. 


\pgfmathtruncatemacro\lastcolP{\lastcol-1}
\tikzset{
store number of columns in=\lastcol,
store number of rows in=\lastrow,
Fill/.style 2 args={row #1 column #2/.style={nodes={fill=cyan!44}}},
Fill/.list={ {\lastrow}{2}, {\lastrow}{3} },
row 1/.style={nodes={draw=none}  },
column 1/.style={column sep=2em,
nodes={align=right, draw=none, text width=1cm}  },
%
row 2 column 1/.style={nodes={xshift=-2mm}},
%
column \lastcol/.style={nodes={draw=none}  },
row 2 column \lastcol/.style={nodes={draw}  },
%
row 2/.style={row sep=1.5em,   },
%
column \lastcolP/.style={column sep=1.75em,   },
}

\section{Correct} 
\savebox{\mybox}{\mymatrix}
\usebox{\mybox}
\end{document}

答案2

这不是一个真正的答案，但我同意pikopiko 的这个回答最好不要手动定位任何东西。因此，在众多可让您避免手动定位的方法中，有一种是使用matrix。

\documentclass[tikz,margin=3]{standalone}
\usepackage{sansmath}
\usetikzlibrary{fit,matrix,positioning,shadows} 
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\sffamily\sansmath,
    square/.style={minimum size=1cm,draw,fill=white,drop shadow},
    f/.style={fill=orange!20,draw=orange},
    v2/.style={-stealth,very thick,yellow!65!black}]
 \matrix[matrix of math nodes,row sep=-\pgflinewidth,column sep=1.5em,
 cells={nodes={square,
    text depth=0.25ex,text height=1em}},
 row 1/.style={nodes=f}] (m){
  0 & 4 & 10 \\[2em]
  -16 & -16 & -16\\
  3 & 10 & 15\\
  |[f]|4 & |[f]|10 & /\\
 };
 %
 \node[draw,dashed,inner sep=1em,fit=(m-1-1)(m-1-3)](f){};
 %
 \node[square,right=3em of m-1-3] (t){tail};
 %
 \foreach \x[count=\y] in {mapping,value,point,next}
 {\draw \ifnum\y=1 (f.west)
 \else
 (m-\y-1.west)\fi -- ++ (-2em,0) node[left]{\x};}
 %
 \draw[v2] (t) -- (m-1-3);
 \foreach \x in {1,2,3}
 {\draw[v2] (m-1-\x) -- (m-2-\x);}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案3

在这里，我正在使用positioning库来实现它，而不需要一堆额外的命令来设置坐标。

您的代码样式有误square；我删除了术语“正方形”，因为它似乎对您的代码没有任何影响。

我在尾箱上方附上了文字，以防您想使用它（因为我看到您已经在箱子里写了“尾部”）。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[tikz,margin=3]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{shadows, positioning} % Shadows for nodes
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \tikzset{% This is the style settings for nodes
    dep/.style={minimum size=1cm,fill=orange!20,draw=orange,
      general shadow={fill=gray!60,shadow xshift=1pt,shadow yshift=-1pt}},
    cli/.style={minimum size=1cm,fill=white,draw,
      general shadow={fill=gray!60,shadow xshift=1pt,shadow yshift=-1pt}},
    spl/.style={append after command={
        node[circle,draw,dotted,
        minimum size=1.5cm] at (\tikzlastnode.center) {}}},
    c1/.style={-stealth,very thick,black!80!black},
    v2/.style={-stealth,very thick,yellow!65!black},
    v4/.style={-stealth,very thick,purple!70!black}}
  \node[dep] (1) at (0,0) {0};
  \node[dep] (2) at (2,0) {4};
  \node[dep] (3) at (4,0) {10};
   %
  \node[cli] (16) at (6,0) {tail};

  \node[cli] (7) at (0,-2) {-16};
  \node[cli] (8) at (2,-2) {-16};
  \node[cli] (9) at (4,-2) {-16};
  %
  \node[cli] (10) at (0,-3) {3};
  \node[cli] (11) at (2,-3) {10};
  \node[cli] (12) at (4,-3) {15};
  %
  \node[dep] (13) at (0,-4) {4};
  \node[dep] (14) at (2,-4) {10};
  \node[cli] (15) at (4,-4) {/};

  \draw[c1] (1) -- (7);
  \draw[c1] (2) -- (8);
  \draw[c1] (3) -- (9);
  \draw[c1] (16) -- (3);
  
  % label lines next to boxes
  
  \node[left = 0.3cm of 1] (labellineTop){};
  \node[left = 0.3cm of 7] (labelline1){};
  \node[left = 0.3cm of 10] (labelline2){};
  \node[left = 0.3cm of 13] (labelline3){};
  
  \draw (labelline1) -- +(-1,0);
  \draw (labelline2) -- +(-1,0);
  \draw (labelline3) -- +(-1,0);
  \draw (labellineTop) -- +(-1,0);
  
  % labels next to boxes
  
  \node[left = 1.5cm of 1, align=right] {mapping};
  \node[left = 1.5cm of 7, align=right] {value};
  \node[left = 1.5cm of 10, align=right] {point};
  \node[left = 1.5cm of 13, align=right] {next};
  \node[above = 0.2cm of 16] {tail};
  
  % dashed rectangle
  
  \node[above left = 0.3cm of 1] (rectangleA){};
  \node[below right = 0.3cm of 3] (rectangleB){};
  \draw[dashed] (rectangleA) rectangle (rectangleB){};
  
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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