双列模式的表格

Question 1

table*工作正常，由于您没有提供任何内容MWE，我已经采取了自己的措施，请参考标签：

\documentclass[twocolumn]{elsarticle}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}

\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}

\lipsum[1-10]

\begin{table*}
\caption{System variables dependencies}\label{tab2}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{} X *{5}{Y} @{}}
\toprule
System variables & $o_{v}$ & $s_{p}$ & $t_{m}$ & $l_{ft}$ & $l_{ot}$\\
\cmidrule(l){2-2} \cmidrule(l){3-3} \cmidrule(l){4-4} 
\cmidrule(l){5-5} \cmidrule(l){6-6}
\addlinespace
Subsystem associated & V & Pr & M & $\textrm{T}_\textrm{1}$ & 
$\textrm{T}_  \textrm{2}$ \\
\addlinespace
Mathematical dependencies & & & $t_{m}(t)=23-0.25
\times  o_{v}(t)+0.62\times s_{p}(t)$
& $l_{ft}(t)=l_{ft}(t-1) -0.001\times s_{p}(t)$
& $l_{ft}(t)=l_{ft}(t-1) -0.0005\times s_{p}(t)$ \\
\addlinespace
Operational dependencies & $o_{v}(t)=0$ if $s_{p}(t)=0$ & & 
& $l_{ft}(t)=l_{ft}(t-1)$ if $s_{p}(t)=0$
& $l_{ot}(t)=l_{ot}(t-1)$ if $s_{p}(t)=0$ \\
\addlinespace
Nominal value range 
& $0\rightarrow100$ (\%) 
& $0\rightarrow100$ (\%)
& $23\rightarrow83$ (°C)
& $2\rightarrow100$ (\%)
& $2\rightarrow100$ (\%)\\ 
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table*}

\lipsum[1-10]
\end{document}

编辑

\documentclass[twocolumn]{elsarticle}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}
\usepackage{midfloat}
\usepackage{caption}

\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\usepackage{lipsum}

\begin{document}

\lipsum[1-8]

\begin{strip}%[]
\renewcommand\captionfont{\footnotesize}%
\begin{center}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{} X *{5}{Y} @{}}
\toprule
System variables & $o_{v}$ & $s_{p}$ & $t_{m}$ & $l_{ft}$ & $l_{ot}$\\
\cmidrule(l){2-2} \cmidrule(l){3-3} \cmidrule(l){4-4} 
\cmidrule(l){5-5} \cmidrule(l){6-6}
\addlinespace
Subsystem associated & V & Pr & M & $\textrm{T}_\textrm{1}$ & 
$\textrm{T}_  \textrm{2}$ \\
\addlinespace
Mathematical dependencies & & & $t_{m}(t)=23-0.25
\times  o_{v}(t)+0.62\times s_{p}(t)$
& $l_{ft}(t)=l_{ft}(t-1) -0.001\times s_{p}(t)$
& $l_{ft}(t)=l_{ft}(t-1) -0.0005\times s_{p}(t)$ \\
\addlinespace
Operational dependencies & $o_{v}(t)=0$ if $s_{p}(t)=0$ & & 
& $l_{ft}(t)=l_{ft}(t-1)$ if $s_{p}(t)=0$
& $l_{ot}(t)=l_{ot}(t-1)$ if $s_{p}(t)=0$ \\
\addlinespace
Nominal value range 
& $0\rightarrow100$ (\%) 
& $0\rightarrow100$ (\%)
& $23\rightarrow83$ (°C)
& $2\rightarrow100$ (\%)
& $2\rightarrow100$ (\%)\\ 
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{center}
\captionof{table}{System variables dependencies\label{tab2}}
\end{strip}

\lipsum[1-10]
\end{document}

Answer

table*工作正常，由于您没有提供任何内容MWE，我已经采取了自己的措施，请参考标签：

\documentclass[twocolumn]{elsarticle}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}

\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\begin{document}

\lipsum[1-10]

\begin{table*}
\caption{System variables dependencies}\label{tab2}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{} X *{5}{Y} @{}}
\toprule
System variables & $o_{v}$ & $s_{p}$ & $t_{m}$ & $l_{ft}$ & $l_{ot}$\\
\cmidrule(l){2-2} \cmidrule(l){3-3} \cmidrule(l){4-4} 
\cmidrule(l){5-5} \cmidrule(l){6-6}
\addlinespace
Subsystem associated & V & Pr & M & $\textrm{T}_\textrm{1}$ & 
$\textrm{T}_  \textrm{2}$ \\
\addlinespace
Mathematical dependencies & & & $t_{m}(t)=23-0.25
\times  o_{v}(t)+0.62\times s_{p}(t)$
& $l_{ft}(t)=l_{ft}(t-1) -0.001\times s_{p}(t)$
& $l_{ft}(t)=l_{ft}(t-1) -0.0005\times s_{p}(t)$ \\
\addlinespace
Operational dependencies & $o_{v}(t)=0$ if $s_{p}(t)=0$ & & 
& $l_{ft}(t)=l_{ft}(t-1)$ if $s_{p}(t)=0$
& $l_{ot}(t)=l_{ot}(t-1)$ if $s_{p}(t)=0$ \\
\addlinespace
Nominal value range 
& $0\rightarrow100$ (\%) 
& $0\rightarrow100$ (\%)
& $23\rightarrow83$ (°C)
& $2\rightarrow100$ (\%)
& $2\rightarrow100$ (\%)\\ 
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table*}

\lipsum[1-10]
\end{document}

编辑

\documentclass[twocolumn]{elsarticle}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}
\usepackage{midfloat}
\usepackage{caption}

\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\usepackage{lipsum}

\begin{document}

\lipsum[1-8]

\begin{strip}%[]
\renewcommand\captionfont{\footnotesize}%
\begin{center}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{} X *{5}{Y} @{}}
\toprule
System variables & $o_{v}$ & $s_{p}$ & $t_{m}$ & $l_{ft}$ & $l_{ot}$\\
\cmidrule(l){2-2} \cmidrule(l){3-3} \cmidrule(l){4-4} 
\cmidrule(l){5-5} \cmidrule(l){6-6}
\addlinespace
Subsystem associated & V & Pr & M & $\textrm{T}_\textrm{1}$ & 
$\textrm{T}_  \textrm{2}$ \\
\addlinespace
Mathematical dependencies & & & $t_{m}(t)=23-0.25
\times  o_{v}(t)+0.62\times s_{p}(t)$
& $l_{ft}(t)=l_{ft}(t-1) -0.001\times s_{p}(t)$
& $l_{ft}(t)=l_{ft}(t-1) -0.0005\times s_{p}(t)$ \\
\addlinespace
Operational dependencies & $o_{v}(t)=0$ if $s_{p}(t)=0$ & & 
& $l_{ft}(t)=l_{ft}(t-1)$ if $s_{p}(t)=0$
& $l_{ot}(t)=l_{ot}(t-1)$ if $s_{p}(t)=0$ \\
\addlinespace
Nominal value range 
& $0\rightarrow100$ (\%) 
& $0\rightarrow100$ (\%)
& $23\rightarrow83$ (°C)
& $2\rightarrow100$ (\%)
& $2\rightarrow100$ (\%)\\ 
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{center}
\captionof{table}{System variables dependencies\label{tab2}}
\end{strip}

\lipsum[1-10]
\end{document}

Question 2

也许一个小例子可以指导你。multicol你可以从两列开始，停止两列环境，在你想要的位置插入一个宽表或一个图形，然后继续使用两列，或者如果你愿意的话，使用一列。

我可能想要评论\begin{multicols}{2}并 \end{multicols}使用 twocolumnelsearticle选项来查看浮点数会发生什么。

但是，如果您想将论文发送到 Elsevier 的期刊，您应该遵守他们的指示，使用 LaTeX 准备双列格式的照相排版论文。

\documentclass[1p,times]{elsarticle}
\usepackage{kantlipsum} % dummy text
\usepackage{multicol}

\usepackage{tabularx} % specify table width

\begin{document}

\begin{multicols}{2}
    \section{Introduction}
    1-2 \kant[1-2]
    \section{Method}    
    3.5.    \kant[3-5]
\end{multicols}

\begin{table*}[htb]
    \caption{The next-to-leading order  results*.}
    \label{table:1}
    \renewcommand{\tabcolsep}{2pc} % enlarge column spacing
    \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5} % enlarge line spacing
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{|l|X|}
            \hline
            Nascetur &
            Ridiculus ut mus. Quisque sem. Lorem ipsum dolor
            sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.  Cras placerat dapibus
            enim. Duis aliquam magna at dui. \\
            \hline
            Enean &
            Tincidunt ipsum tincidunt felis. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad
            litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos hymen\ae{}os.
            Nunc auctor. Etiam faucibus nulla eu dolor. Nam vestibulum risus
            ut est. \\
            \hline
            Sed &
            Semper, tellus lobortis tempor euismod, nunc massa sagittis
            enim, a accumsan sapien enim ut nisi.  Cras rutrum dignissim
            libero. \\
            \hline
    \end{tabularx}\\[5pt]
    (*) The experimental values are given in ref.
\end{table*}

\begin{multicols}{2}  
    11-12. \kant[11-12]
\end{multicols}

\end{document}

更新不使用multicol这也是另一种可能性。

\documentclass[3p,times,twocolumn]{elsarticle}
\usepackage{kantlipsum} % dummy text
\usepackage{tabularx} % specify table width
\usepackage[small, tableposition=top]{caption}  
\usepackage{cuted}  

\begin{document}

    \section{Introduction}
    1-2 \kant[1-2]
    \section{Method}    
    3.5.    \kant[3-5]

\subsection{Tables}

Tables should be presented in the form shown in
Table~\ref{table:1}.  Their layout should be consistent
throughout.

\begin{strip}
   \captionof{table}{The next-to-leading order  results*.}
    \label{table:1}
    \renewcommand{\tabcolsep}{2pc} % enlarge column spacing
    \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5} % enlarge line spacing
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{|l|X|}
            \hline
            Nascetur &
            Ridiculus ut mus. Quisque sem. Lorem ipsum dolor
            sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.  Cras placerat dapibus
            enim. Duis aliquam magna at dui. \\
            \hline
            Enean &
            Tincidunt ipsum tincidunt felis. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad
            litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos hymen\ae{}os.
            Nunc auctor. Etiam faucibus nulla eu dolor. Nam vestibulum risus
            ut est. \\
            \hline
            Sed &
            Semper, tellus lobortis tempor euismod, nunc massa sagittis
            enim, a accumsan sapien enim ut nisi.  Cras rutrum dignissim
            libero. \\
            \hline
    \end{tabularx}\\[5pt]
    (*) The experimental values are given in ref.
\end{strip}

\section{Results}
    11-12. \kant[11-12]
\end{document}

环境strip将一个\vbox{⟨wide onecolumn material⟩}全宽放置在双列页面上。

Answer