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带有 TikZ 反馈箭头的流程图

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带有 TikZ 反馈箭头的流程图

我想在我的 tikz 图中添加一条额外的反馈边（将其放置在图的右侧），该反馈边从终端节点 (mecon2) 延伸到初始节点 (mecon)。但是，由于我最近才开始学习 tikz，所以我不知道如何在两个节点之间创建该反馈边。我还想知道如何在该反馈边上添加注释。

我知道这很基础，但这是我第一次尝试在 tikz 中创建流程图。我看过其他类似的帖子（建议使用 \path 或 \draw 命令的不同变体），但它在我的代码中不起作用。下面是图像和用于生成它的代码。

你知道该怎么做吗？

谢谢！

流程图

 \documentclass{article}
 \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
 \usepackage{tikz}
 \usetikzlibrary{shapes}
 \usetikzlibrary{positioning}
 \usepackage{amsmath}
 \usepackage{xspace}
 \newcommand{\A}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}\xspace}
 \newcommand{\B}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{B}}\xspace}
 \newcommand\pa[1]{\ensuremath{\left(#1\right)}}
 \usetikzlibrary{arrows,decorations.pathmorphing,backgrounds,fit,positioning,shapes.symbols,chains, 
 shapes.geometric}
 \usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\title{Graficos con TIKZ}

\author{me}
\date{December 2020}

\begin{document}


 \begin{figure}[h]

 \centering
 \begin{tikzpicture}
 [node distance = 1cm, auto,font=\footnotesize,
 % STYLES
 every node/.style={node distance=3cm},
 % The comment style is used to describe the characteristics of each force
 comment/.style={rectangle, inner sep= 5pt, text width=4cm, node distance=0.25cm,  
 font=\scriptsize\sffamily},
 % The force style is used to draw the forces' name
 force/.style={rectangle, draw, fill=black!10, inner sep=5pt, text width=4cm, text badly centered, 
 minimum height=1.2cm, font=\bfseries\footnotesize\sffamily}] 

  % Draw forces
 \node [force] (mecon) {Modelos Economicos};
 \node [force, below of=mecon] (mbiof) {Modelos Biofisicos};
 \node [force, below of=mbiof] (mecon2) {Modelos Economicos};


 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
 % Change data from here


  \node [comment, left=0.25 of mecon] (comment-mecon) {- Uso y decisiones de manejo de la tierra. \\
  - Señales de mercado  \\
  - Politicas Publicas y regulacion
  };

  % MODELOS BIOFISICOS 
  \node [comment, left=0.25cm of mbiof] {-Procesos naturales y físicos\\
   - Clima \\
   - Cantidad de agua e hidrología \\
   - Calidad del suelo \\
   - Calidad del agua \\
   - Cosechas \\
   - Producción de biomasa \\
   - Biodiversidad y habitats};

   % MODELOS BIOFISICOS 2
   \node [comment, left=0.25 of mecon2] {- Valor de los bienes producidos (alimentos y 
   combustibles)\\ 
   - Valuación no comercial de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos};


   %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

   % Draw the links between forces
   \path[->,thick] 
   (mecon) edge (mbiof)
   (mbiof) edge (mecon2)



   \end{tikzpicture} 
   \caption{ Esquema de los Componentes de Un Modelo de Evaluaci ́on Integrado Ambiente-Econoḿıa}
   \label{fig:flowdiagram}
   \end{figure}

   \end{document}

答案1

在代码末尾添加以下内容

    \draw[->, thick]
    (mecon2.east)to++(2cm,0)|-(mecon.east);

在此处输入图片描述

完整的 MWE

 \documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{xspace}
\newcommand{\A}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{A}}\xspace}
\newcommand{\B}{\ensuremath{\mathcal{B}}\xspace}
\newcommand\pa[1]{\ensuremath{\left(#1\right)}}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,decorations.pathmorphing,backgrounds,fit,positioning,shapes.symbols,chains, 
    shapes.geometric}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\title{Graficos con TIKZ}

\author{me}
\date{December 2020}

\begin{document}
    
    
    \begin{figure}[h]
        
        \centering
        \begin{tikzpicture}
            [node distance = 1cm, auto,font=\footnotesize,
            % STYLES
            every node/.style={node distance=3cm},
            % The comment style is used to describe the characteristics of each force
            comment/.style={rectangle, inner sep= 5pt, text width=4cm, node distance=0.25cm,  
                font=\scriptsize\sffamily},
            % The force style is used to draw the forces' name
            force/.style={rectangle, draw, fill=black!10, inner sep=5pt, text width=4cm, text badly centered, 
                minimum height=1.2cm, font=\bfseries\footnotesize\sffamily}] 
            
            % Draw forces
            \node [force] (mecon) {Modelos Economicos};
            \node [force, below of=mecon] (mbiof) {Modelos Biofisicos};
            \node [force, below of=mbiof] (mecon2) {Modelos Economicos};
            
            
            %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
            % Change data from here
            
            
            \node [comment, left=0.25 of mecon] (comment-mecon) {- Uso y decisiones de manejo de la tierra. \\
                - Señales de mercado  \\
                - Politicas Publicas y regulacion
            };
            
            % MODELOS BIOFISICOS 
            \node [comment, left=0.25cm of mbiof] {-Procesos naturales y físicos\\
                - Clima \\
                - Cantidad de agua e hidrología \\
                - Calidad del suelo \\
                - Calidad del agua \\
                - Cosechas \\
                - Producción de biomasa \\
                - Biodiversidad y habitats};
            
            % MODELOS BIOFISICOS 2
            \node [comment, left=0.25 of mecon2] {- Valor de los bienes producidos (alimentos y 
                combustibles)\\ 
                - Valuación no comercial de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos};
            
            
            %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
            
            % Draw the links between forces
            \path[->,thick] 
            (mecon) edge (mbiof)
            (mbiof) edge (mecon2);
            
            \draw[->, thick]
            (mecon2.east)to++(2cm,0)|-(mecon.east);
            
            
        \end{tikzpicture} 
%       \caption{ Esquema de los Componentes de Un Modelo de Evaluaci ́on Integrado Ambiente-Econoḿıa}
        \label{fig:flowdiagram}
    \end{figure}
    
\end{document}

答案2

另一种解决方案是使用enumitem包来处理主节点左侧的列表，并使用 TikZ 库chains来定位主节点。列表以标签的形式写入主节点：

\documentclass{article}
 \usepackage{tikz}
 \usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, 
                 chains, % <---
                 positioning}
 \usepackage{enumitem}   % <---

 \begin{document}
    \begin{figure}[ht]  % <--
    \setlist[itemize]{nosep,leftmargin=*,labelsep=0.5ex} % <---
\centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 17mm, 
  start chain = going below,
               arr/.style = {-{Straight Barb[length=4pt]}, semithick},
every label/.append style = {font=\footnotesize\sffamily, text width=42mm,
                             label distance=3mm},
                 N/.style = {draw, fill=gray!30, font=\sffamily\bfseries,
                             minimum height=12mm, text width=44mm, align=center,
                             on chain, join=by ->}
                        ]
\node (a)   [N, label=left:\begin{itemize}
                    \item   Uso y decisiones de manejo de la tierra. 
                    \item   Señales de mercado
                    \item   Politicas Publicas y regulacion
                        \end{itemize} ] {Modelos Economicos};
\node (b)   [N, label=left:\begin{itemize}
                    \item   Clima 
                    \item   Cantidad de agua e hidrología 
                    \item   Calidad del suelo 
                    \item   Calidad del agua 
                    \item   Cosechas 
                    \item   Producción de biomasa 
                    \item   Biodiversidad y habitats 
                        \end{itemize} ] {Modelos Biofisicos};
\node (c)   [N, label=left:{\begin{itemize}
                    \item   Valor de los bienes producidos (alimentos ycombustibles)
                    \item   Valuación no comercial de bienes y servicios ecosistémicos
                        \end{itemize} }] {Modelos Economicos};
\draw   (c.east) -- ++ (1,0) |- (a) node[pos=0.25, right] {my comment};
   \end{tikzpicture}
\caption{Esquema de los Componentes de Un Modelo de Evaluaci ́on Integrado Ambiente-Econoḿıa}
\label{fig:flowdiagram}
   \end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

（MWE 由 XeLaTeX 引擎编译）

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