刚接触 tex 并难以编译复杂的 .tex 文档

Question

我正在运行最新的 Arch Linux。

我是 tex 的新手。

我已经尝试了最新可用texmaker包和
最新可用MikTex包，它具有明显的优势，可以根据任何 .tex 文档的需要自动下载所有样式表和字体依赖项等。

在 texmaker 中，我可以编译非常基本的文档并动态呈现 pdf。

最基本的文件不是问题。

但是如果我尝试编译类似这样的代码，请参见下面的代码，

www.overleaf.com/latex/templates/altacv-nicolaso​​mar-fork/htfpmrwhbwpw

我遇到了各种依赖编译问题。

使用 TexMaker，我尝试查找所有必要的文件、字体等，并将它们全部放在与 .tex 文件相同的目录中，这有一点帮助，但 texmaker 对于相对复杂的文档似乎需要的文件数量是无穷无尽的。

是否有全面且最新的 texmaker 字体/样式库，我该如何添加它以便 texmaker 可以看到它？

虽然我认为 texmaker 的外观和感觉比 MikTex 更好，但我还是加载了 MikTex，因为它显然可以根据需求加载额外的要求（字体样式表等）。

但是使用 Miktex 时出现错误

Sorry, but pdflatex did not succeed. terminate called after throwing an instance of 'MiKTeX::Core::MiKTeXException' what(): MiKTeX encountered an internal error. Sorry, but "MiKTeX Compiler Driver" did not succeed.

cv.tex 文件粘贴如下

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% cv.tex, that's this file   
%
% This is an sample CV template created using altacv.cls
% (v1.3, 10 May 2020) written by LianTze Lim (liantze at gmail.com). Now compiles with pdfLaTeX, XeLaTeX and LuaLaTeX.
% This fork/modified version has been made by Nicolás Omar González Passerino (nicolas.passerino at gmail.com, 15 Oct 2020)
%
%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
%% The latest version of this license is in
%%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
%% version 2003/12/01 or later.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% If you need to pass whatever options to xcolor
\PassOptionsToPackage{dvipsnames}{xcolor}

%% If you are using \orcid or academicons
%% icons, make sure you have the academicons
%% option here, and compile with XeLaTeX
%% or LuaLaTeX.
% \documentclass[10pt,a4paper,academicons]{altacv}

%% Use the "normalphoto" option if you want a normal photo instead of cropped to a circle
% \documentclass[10pt,a4paper,normalphoto]{altacv}

\documentclass[10pt,a4paper,ragged2e,withhyper]{altacv}

%% AltaCV uses the fontawesome5 and academicons fonts
%% and packages.
%% See http://texdoc.net/pkg/fontawesome5 and http://texdoc.net/pkg/academicons for full list of symbols. You MUST compile with XeLaTeX or LuaLaTeX if you want to use academicons.

% Change the page layout if you need to
\geometry{left=1.2cm,right=1.2cm,top=1cm,bottom=1cm,columnsep=0.75cm}

% The paracol package lets you typeset columns of text in parallel
\usepackage{paracol}

% Change the font if you want to, depending on whether
% you're using pdflatex or xelatex/lualatex
\ifxetexorluatex
  % If using xelatex or lualatex:
  \setmainfont{Roboto Slab}
  \setsansfont{Lato}
  \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\else
  % If using pdflatex:
  \usepackage[rm]{roboto}
  \usepackage[defaultsans]{lato}
  % \usepackage{sourcesanspro}
  \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\fi

% ----- LIGHT MODE -----
\definecolor{SlateGrey}{HTML}{2E2E2E}
\definecolor{LightGrey}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{PrimaryColor}{HTML}{001F5A}
\definecolor{SecondaryColor}{HTML}{0039AC}
\definecolor{ThirdColor}{HTML}{F3890B}
\definecolor{BackgroundColor}{HTML}{E2E2E2}
\colorlet{name}{PrimaryColor}
\colorlet{tagline}{PrimaryColor}
\colorlet{heading}{PrimaryColor}
\colorlet{headingrule}{ThirdColor}
\colorlet{subheading}{SecondaryColor}
\colorlet{accent}{SecondaryColor}
\colorlet{emphasis}{SlateGrey}
\colorlet{body}{LightGrey}
\pagecolor{BackgroundColor}   
% ----- DARK MODE -----
%\definecolor{BackgroundColor}{HTML}{242424}
%\definecolor{SlateGrey}{HTML}{6F6F6F}
%\definecolor{LightGrey}{HTML}{ABABAB}
%\definecolor{PrimaryColor}{HTML}{3F7FFF}
%\colorlet{name}{PrimaryColor}
%\colorlet{tagline}{PrimaryColor}
%\colorlet{heading}{PrimaryColor}
%\colorlet{headingrule}{PrimaryColor}
%\colorlet{subheading}{PrimaryColor}
%\colorlet{accent}{PrimaryColor}
%\colorlet{emphasis}{LightGrey}
%\colorlet{body}{LightGrey}
%\pagecolor{BackgroundColor}

% Change some fonts, if necessary
\renewcommand{\namefont}{\Huge\rmfamily\bfseries}
\renewcommand{\personalinfofont}{\small\bfseries}
\renewcommand{\cvsectionfont}{\LARGE\rmfamily\bfseries}
\renewcommand{\cvsubsectionfont}{\large\bfseries}

% Change the bullets for itemize and rating marker
% for \cvskill if you want to
\renewcommand{\itemmarker}{{\small\textbullet}}
\renewcommand{\ratingmarker}{\faCircle}

%% sample.bib contains your publications
%% \addbibresource{sample.bib}

\begin{document}
    \name{John Doe}
    \tagline{Test Developer}
    %% You can add multiple photos on the left or right
    \photoL{4cm}{john-doe}
    
    \personalinfo{
        \email{[email protected]}\smallskip
        \phone{+01-2345-678901}
        \location{City, Country}\\
        \linkedin{johnDoe}
        \github{johnDoe}
        \dev{johnDoe}
        %\homepage{nicolasomar.me}
        %\medium{nicolasomar}
        %% You MUST add the academicons option to \documentclass, then compile with LuaLaTeX or XeLaTeX, if you want to use \orcid or other academicons commands.
        % \orcid{0000-0000-0000-0000}
        %% You can add your own arbtrary detail with
        %% \printinfo{symbol}{detail}[optional hyperlink prefix]
        % \printinfo{\faPaw}{Hey ho!}[https://example.com/]
        %% Or you can declare your own field with
        %% \NewInfoFiled{fieldname}{symbol}[optional hyperlink prefix] and use it:
        % \NewInfoField{gitlab}{\faGitlab}[https://gitlab.com/]
        % \gitlab{your_id}
    }
    
    \makecvheader
    %% Depending on your tastes, you may want to make fonts of itemize environments slightly smaller
    % \AtBeginEnvironment{itemize}{\small}
    
    %% Set the left/right column width ratio to 6:4.
    \columnratio{0.25}

    % Start a 2-column paracol. Both the left and right columns will automatically
    % break across pages if things get too long.
    \begin{paracol}{2}
        % ----- STRENGTHS -----
        \cvsection{Strengths}
            \cvtag{One}
            \cvtag{Two}
            \cvtag{Three}
            \cvtag{Four}
            \cvtag{Five}
            \cvtag{Six}
            \cvtag{Seven}
            \cvtag{Eight}
            \cvtag{Nine}
            \cvtag{Ten}
            \medskip
            
            \cvtag{Red}
            \cvtag{Yellow}
            \cvtag{Blue}
            \cvtag{Green}
            \cvtag{Violet}
            \cvtag{Orange}
        % ----- STRENGTHS -----
        
        % ----- LEARNING -----
        \cvsection{Learning}
            \cvtag{Uno}
            \cvtag{Dos}
            \cvtag{Tres}
            \cvtag{Cuatro}
            \cvtag{Cinco}
            \cvtag{Seis}
            \cvtag{Siete}
            \cvtag{Ocho}
            \cvtag{Nueve}
            \cvtag{Diez}
            \medskip
            
            \cvtag{Rojo}
            \cvtag{Amarillo}
            \cvtag{Azul}
            \cvtag{Verde}
            \cvtag{Violeta}
            \cvtag{Naranja}
            \cvtag{Marron}
            \cvtag{Blanco}
            \cvtag{Gris}
            \cvtag{Negro}
        % ----- LEARNING -----
        
        % ----- LANGUAGES -----
        \cvsection{Languages}
            \cvlang{Lang 1}{Native}\\
            \divider
            
            \cvlang{Lang 2}{Basic / A2}
            %% Yeah I didn't spend too much time making all the
            %% spacing consistent... sorry. Use \smallskip, \medskip,
            %% \bigskip, \vpsace etc to make ajustments.
            \smallskip
        % ----- LANGUAGES -----
            
        % ----- REFERENCES -----
        \cvsection{References}
            \cvref{Ref 1}{ref-1}
            \divider
            
            \cvref{Ref 2}{ref-2}
            \divider
            
            \cvref{Ref 3}{ref-3}
            \smallskip
        % ----- REFERENCES -----
        
        % ----- MOST PROUD -----
        % \cvsection{Most Proud of}
        
        % \cvachievement{\faTrophy}{Fantastic Achievement}{and some details about it}\\
        % \divider
        % \cvachievement{\faHeartbeat}{Another achievement}{more details about it of course}\\
        % \divider
        % \cvachievement{\faHeartbeat}{Another achievement}{more details about it of course}
        % ----- MOST PROUD -----
        
        % \cvsection{A Day of My Life}
        
        % Adapted from @Jake's answer from http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/82729/226
        % \wheelchart{outer radius}{inner radius}{
        % comma-separated list of value/text width/color/detail}
        % \wheelchart{1.5cm}{0.5cm}{%
        %   6/8em/accent!30/{Sleep,\\beautiful sleep},
        %   3/8em/accent!40/Hopeful novelist by night,
        %   8/8em/accent!60/Daytime job,
        %   2/10em/accent/Sports and relaxation,
        %   5/6em/accent!20/Spending time with family
        % }
        
        % use ONLY \newpage if you want to force a page break for
        % ONLY the current column
        \newpage
        
        %% Switch to the right column. This will now automatically move to the second
        %% page if the content is too long.
        \switchcolumn
        
        % ----- ABOUT ME -----
        \cvsection{About Me}
            \begin{quote}
                Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
            \end{quote}
        % ----- ABOUT ME -----
        
        % ----- EXPERIENCE -----
        \cvsection{Experience}
            \cvevent{Charge }{| Company}{Mm YYYY -- Mm YYYY}{City, Country}
            \begin{itemize}
                \item First item
                \item Second item
                \item Third item
            \end{itemize}
            \divider
            
            \cvevent{Charge }{| Company}{Mm YYYY -- Mm YYYY}{City, Country}
            \begin{itemize}
                \item First item
                \item Second item
                \item Third item
            \end{itemize}
        % ----- EXPERIENCE -----
        
        % ----- EDUCATION -----
        \cvsection{Education}
            \cvevent{Title }{| Institution}{Mm YYYY -- Mm YYYY}{City, Country}
            \begin{itemize}
                \item GPA: 1,23
            \end{itemize}
            \divider
            
            \cvevent{Title }{| Institution}{Mm YYYY -- Mm YYYY}{City, Country}
            \begin{itemize}
                \item GPA: 1,23
            \end{itemize}
        % ----- EDUCATION -----
        
        % ----- PROJECTS -----
        \cvsection{Projects}
            \cvevent{Project 1 }{\cvrepo{| \faGithub}{https://github.com/user/repo}\cvrepo{| \faGlobe}{https://repo-demo.com/}}{Mm YYYY -- Mm YYYY}{}
            \begin{itemize}
                \item Item 1
                \item Item 2
            \end{itemize}
            \divider
            
            \cvevent{Project 1 }{\cvrepo{| \faGitlab}{https://gitlab.com/user/repo}\cvrepo{| \faGlobe}{https://repo-demo.com/}}{Mm YYYY -- Mm YYYY}{}
            \begin{itemize}
                \item Item 1
                \item Item 2
            \end{itemize}
        % ----- PROJECTS -----
    \end{paracol}
\end{document}

altacv.cls 文件粘贴在下面

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% altacv.cls, this file
%
% This is an sample CV template created using altacv.cls
% (v1.3, 10 May 2020) written by LianTze Lim ([email protected]). Now compiles with pdfLaTeX, XeLaTeX and LuaLaTeX.
% This fork/modified version has been made by Nicolás Omar González Passerino ([email protected], 15 Oct 2020)
%
%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3
%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
%% The latest version of this license is in
%%    http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%% and version 1.3 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
%% version 2003/12/01 or later.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% If you need to pass whatever options to xcolor
\PassOptionsToPackage{dvipsnames}{xcolor}

%% If you are using \orcid or academicons
%% icons, make sure you have the academicons
%% option here, and compile with XeLaTeX
%% or LuaLaTeX.
% \documentclass[10pt,a4paper,academicons]{altacv}

%% Use the "normalphoto" option if you want a normal photo instead of cropped to a circle
% \documentclass[10pt,a4paper,normalphoto]{altacv}

\documentclass[10pt,a4paper,ragged2e,withhyper]{altacv}

%% AltaCV uses the fontawesome5 and academicons fonts
%% and packages.
%% See http://texdoc.net/pkg/fontawesome5 and http://texdoc.net/pkg/academicons for full list of symbols. You MUST compile with XeLaTeX or LuaLaTeX if you want to use academicons.

% Change the page layout if you need to
\geometry{left=1.2cm,right=1.2cm,top=1cm,bottom=1cm,columnsep=0.75cm}

% The paracol package lets you typeset columns of text in parallel
\usepackage{paracol}

% Change the font if you want to, depending on whether
% you're using pdflatex or xelatex/lualatex
\ifxetexorluatex
  % If using xelatex or lualatex:
  \setmainfont{Roboto Slab}
  \setsansfont{Lato}
  \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\else
  % If using pdflatex:
  \usepackage[rm]{roboto}
  \usepackage[defaultsans]{lato}
  % \usepackage{sourcesanspro}
  \renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}
\fi

% ----- LIGHT MODE -----
\definecolor{SlateGrey}{HTML}{2E2E2E}
\definecolor{LightGrey}{HTML}{666666}
\definecolor{PrimaryColor}{HTML}{001F5A}
\definecolor{SecondaryColor}{HTML}{0039AC}
\definecolor{ThirdColor}{HTML}{F3890B}
\definecolor{BackgroundColor}{HTML}{E2E2E2}
\colorlet{name}{PrimaryColor}
\colorlet{tagline}{PrimaryColor}
\colorlet{heading}{PrimaryColor}
\colorlet{headingrule}{ThirdColor}
\colorlet{subheading}{SecondaryColor}
\colorlet{accent}{SecondaryColor}
\colorlet{emphasis}{SlateGrey}
\colorlet{body}{LightGrey}
\pagecolor{BackgroundColor}   
% ----- DARK MODE -----
%\definecolor{BackgroundColor}{HTML}{242424}
%\definecolor{SlateGrey}{HTML}{6F6F6F}
%\definecolor{LightGrey}{HTML}{ABABAB}
%\definecolor{PrimaryColor}{HTML}{3F7FFF}
%\colorlet{name}{PrimaryColor}
%\colorlet{tagline}{PrimaryColor}
%\colorlet{heading}{PrimaryColor}
%\colorlet{headingrule}{PrimaryColor}
%\colorlet{subheading}{PrimaryColor}
%\colorlet{accent}{PrimaryColor}
%\colorlet{emphasis}{LightGrey}
%\colorlet{body}{LightGrey}
%\pagecolor{BackgroundColor}

% Change some fonts, if necessary
\renewcommand{\namefont}{\Huge\rmfamily\bfseries}
\renewcommand{\personalinfofont}{\small\bfseries}
\renewcommand{\cvsectionfont}{\LARGE\rmfamily\bfseries}
\renewcommand{\cvsubsectionfont}{\large\bfseries}

% Change the bullets for itemize and rating marker
% for \cvskill if you want to
\renewcommand{\itemmarker}{{\small\textbullet}}
\renewcommand{\ratingmarker}{\faCircle}

%% sample.bib contains your publications
%% \addbibresource{sample.bib}

\begin{document}
    \name{John Doe}
    \tagline{Test Developer}
    %% You can add multiple photos on the left or right
    \photoL{4cm}{john-doe}
    
    \personalinfo{
        \email{[email protected]}\smallskip
        \phone{+01-2345-678901}
        \location{City, Country}\\
        \linkedin{johnDoe}
        \github{johnDoe}
        \dev{johnDoe}
        %\homepage{nicolasomar.me}
        %\medium{nicolasomar}
        %% You MUST add the academicons option to \documentclass, then compile with LuaLaTeX or XeLaTeX, if you want to use \orcid or other academicons commands.
        % \orcid{0000-0000-0000-0000}
        %% You can add your own arbtrary detail with
        %% \printinfo{symbol}{detail}[optional hyperlink prefix]
        % \printinfo{\faPaw}{Hey ho!}[https://example.com/]
        %% Or you can declare your own field with
        %% \NewInfoFiled{fieldname}{symbol}[optional hyperlink prefix] and use it:
        % \NewInfoField{gitlab}{\faGitlab}[https://gitlab.com/]
        % \gitlab{your_id}
    }
    
    \makecvheader
    %% Depending on your tastes, you may want to make fonts of itemize environments slightly smaller
    % \AtBeginEnvironment{itemize}{\small}
    
    %% Set the left/right column width ratio to 6:4.
    \columnratio{0.25}

    % Start a 2-column paracol. Both the left and right columns will automatically
    % break across pages if things get too long.
    \begin{paracol}{2}
        % ----- STRENGTHS -----
        \cvsection{Strengths}
            \cvtag{One}
            \cvtag{Two}
            \cvtag{Three}
            \cvtag{Four}
            \cvtag{Five}
            \cvtag{Six}
            \cvtag{Seven}
            \cvtag{Eight}
            \cvtag{Nine}
            \cvtag{Ten}
            \medskip
            
            \cvtag{Red}
            \cvtag{Yellow}
            \cvtag{Blue}
            \cvtag{Green}
            \cvtag{Violet}
            \cvtag{Orange}
        % ----- STRENGTHS -----
        
        % ----- LEARNING -----
        \cvsection{Learning}
            \cvtag{Uno}
            \cvtag{Dos}
            \cvtag{Tres}
            \cvtag{Cuatro}
            \cvtag{Cinco}
            \cvtag{Seis}
            \cvtag{Siete}
            \cvtag{Ocho}
            \cvtag{Nueve}
            \cvtag{Diez}
            \medskip
            
            \cvtag{Rojo}
            \cvtag{Amarillo}
            \cvtag{Azul}
            \cvtag{Verde}
            \cvtag{Violeta}
            \cvtag{Naranja}
            \cvtag{Marron}
            \cvtag{Blanco}
            \cvtag{Gris}
            \cvtag{Negro}
        % ----- LEARNING -----
        
        % ----- LANGUAGES -----
        \cvsection{Languages}
            \cvlang{Lang 1}{Native}\\
            \divider
            
            \cvlang{Lang 2}{Basic / A2}
            %% Yeah I didn't spend too much time making all the
            %% spacing consistent... sorry. Use \smallskip, \medskip,
            %% \bigskip, \vpsace etc to make ajustments.
            \smallskip
        % ----- LANGUAGES -----
            
        % ----- REFERENCES -----
        \cvsection{References}
            \cvref{Ref 1}{ref-1}
            \divider
            
            \cvref{Ref 2}{ref-2}
            \divider
            
            \cvref{Ref 3}{ref-3}
            \smallskip
        % ----- REFERENCES -----
        
        % ----- MOST PROUD -----
        % \cvsection{Most Proud of}
        
        % \cvachievement{\faTrophy}{Fantastic Achievement}{and some details about it}\\
        % \divider
        % \cvachievement{\faHeartbeat}{Another achievement}{more details about it of course}\\
        % \divider
        % \cvachievement{\faHeartbeat}{Another achievement}{more details about it of course}
        % ----- MOST PROUD -----
        
        % \cvsection{A Day of My Life}
        
        % Adapted from @Jake's answer from http://tex.stackexchange.com/a/82729/226
        % \wheelchart{outer radius}{inner radius}{
        % comma-separated list of value/text width/color/detail}
        % \wheelchart{1.5cm}{0.5cm}{%
        %   6/8em/accent!30/{Sleep,\\beautiful sleep},
        %   3/8em/accent!40/Hopeful novelist by night,
        %   8/8em/accent!60/Daytime job,
        %   2/10em/accent/Sports and relaxation,
        %   5/6em/accent!20/Spending time with family
        % }
        
        % use ONLY \newpage if you want to force a page break for
        % ONLY the current column
        \newpage
        
        %% Switch to the right column. This will now automatically move to the second
        %% page if the content is too long.
        \switchcolumn
        
        % ----- ABOUT ME -----
        \cvsection{About Me}
            \begin{quote}
                Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
            \end{quote}
        % ----- ABOUT ME -----
        
        % ----- EXPERIENCE -----
        \cvsection{Experience}
            \cvevent{Charge }{| Company}{Mm YYYY -- Mm YYYY}{City, Country}
            \begin{itemize}
                \item First item
                \item Second item
                \item Third item
            \end{itemize}
            \divider
            
            \cvevent{Charge }{| Company}{Mm YYYY -- Mm YYYY}{City, Country}
            \begin{itemize}
                \item First item
                \item Second item
                \item Third item
            \end{itemize}
        % ----- EXPERIENCE -----
        
        % ----- EDUCATION -----
        \cvsection{Education}
            \cvevent{Title }{| Institution}{Mm YYYY -- Mm YYYY}{City, Country}
            \begin{itemize}
                \item GPA: 1,23
            \end{itemize}
            \divider
            
            \cvevent{Title }{| Institution}{Mm YYYY -- Mm YYYY}{City, Country}
            \begin{itemize}
                \item GPA: 1,23
            \end{itemize}
        % ----- EDUCATION -----
        
        % ----- PROJECTS -----
        \cvsection{Projects}
            \cvevent{Project 1 }{\cvrepo{| \faGithub}{https://github.com/user/repo}\cvrepo{| \faGlobe}{https://repo-demo.com/}}{Mm YYYY -- Mm YYYY}{}
            \begin{itemize}
                \item Item 1
                \item Item 2
            \end{itemize}
            \divider
            
            \cvevent{Project 1 }{\cvrepo{| \faGitlab}{https://gitlab.com/user/repo}\cvrepo{| \faGlobe}{https://repo-demo.com/}}{Mm YYYY -- Mm YYYY}{}
            \begin{itemize}
                \item Item 1
                \item Item 2
            \end{itemize}
        % ----- PROJECTS -----
    \end{paracol}
\end{document}