\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{c c c c c c c}
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Metal}} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Initial temperature, $\pm 0.01 (\ang{-}C)$}} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Final temperature, $\pm 0.01 (\ang{-}C)$}} \\ \cline{2-7}
& \textbf{1} & \textbf{2} & \textbf{3} & \textbf{1} & \textbf{2} & \textbf{3} \\ \hline
Iron & $18.1$ & $19.0$ & $18.7$ & $21.9$ & $24.3$ & $24.4$ \\
Zinc & $18.9$ & $18.9$ & $18.8$ & $32.7$ & $38.5$ & $41.0$ \\
Magnesium & $18.8$ & $18.7$ & $18.9$ & $72.8$ & $76.4$ & $75.8$ \\
Tin & $19.0$ & $18.9$ & $18.6$ & $20.1$ & $20.9$ & $19.4$ \\
Aluminium & $18.7$ & $18.9$ & $18.7$ & $18.8$ & $18.9$ & $18.7$ \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Initial and final temperatures of metals reacting with Copper Sulphate solution}
\end{table}
最后一列太大，因为初始温度和最终标题太大。如何使所有多列宽度相同？
答案1
请始终提供完整的测试文件，我不得不猜测\ang这里的文本宽度。但是，您可以强制列足够宽以使用w来自array
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{float,multirow,array}
\newcommand\ang[1]{??}
\addtolength\textwidth{50pt}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\setlength\extrarowheight{2pt}
\begin{tabular}{@{}l *{6}{wc{45pt}}@{}}
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Metal}} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Initial temperature, $\pm 0.01 (\ang{-}C)$}} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\textbf{Final temperature, $\pm 0.01 (\ang{-}C)$}} \\ \cline{2-7}
& \textbf{1} & \textbf{2} & \textbf{3} & \textbf{1} & \textbf{2} & \textbf{3} \\ \hline
Iron & $18.1$ & $19.0$ & $18.7$ & $21.9$ & $24.3$ & $24.4$ \\
Zinc & $18.9$ & $18.9$ & $18.8$ & $32.7$ & $38.5$ & $41.0$ \\
Magnesium & $18.8$ & $18.7$ & $18.9$ & $72.8$ & $76.4$ & $75.8$ \\
Tin & $19.0$ & $18.9$ & $18.6$ & $20.1$ & $20.9$ & $19.4$ \\
Aluminium & $18.7$ & $18.9$ & $18.7$ & $18.8$ & $18.9$ & $18.7$ \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Initial and final temperatures of metals reacting with Copper Sulphate solution}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案2
以下是基于 的另一种方法siunitx，booktabs以及\multicolumn包含所有重复信息的方法。使用此方法，无需人为拉伸列：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{makecell}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{l *{6}{S[table-format=1.2]}}
\toprule
\textbf{Metal} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{\bfseries Temperature, \SI{\pm 0.01}{\celsius}}\\
\cmidrule{2-7}
& \multicolumn{3}{c}{\bfseries Initial} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\bfseries Final} \\
\cmidrule(r){2-4} \cmidrule(l){5-7}
& \textbf{1} & \textbf{2} & \textbf{3} & \textbf{1} & \textbf{2} & \textbf{3} \\
\midrule
Iron & 18.1 & 19.0 & 18.7 & 21.9 & 24.3 & 24.4 \\
Zinc & 18.9 & 18.9 & 18.8 & 32.7 & 38.5 & 41.0 \\
Magnesium & 18.8 & 18.7 & 18.9 & 72.8 & 76.4 & 75.8 \\
Tin & 19.0 & 18.9 & 18.6 & 20.1 & 20.9 & 19.4 \\
Aluminium & 18.7 & 18.9 & 18.7 & 18.8 & 18.9 & 18.7 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{Initial and final temperatures of metals reacting with Copper Sulphate solution}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案3
我将在表格的标题中提供更多的结构——并且不会使任何单一信息超载。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{siunitx} % for '\SI' macro
\usepackage{booktabs}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{ @{} l cccccc @{}}
\toprule
& \multicolumn{6}{c}{Temperatures, in \si{\celsius}} \\
\cmidrule(l){2-7}
& \multicolumn{3}{c}{Initial} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{Final} \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-4} \cmidrule(l){5-7}
Metal & 1 & 2 & 3 & 1 & 2 & 3 \\
\midrule
Iron & 18.1 & 19.0 & 18.7 & 21.9 & 24.3 & 24.4 \\
Zinc & 18.9 & 18.9 & 18.8 & 32.7 & 38.5 & 41.0 \\
Magnesium & 18.8 & 18.7 & 18.9 & 72.8 & 76.4 & 75.8 \\
Tin & 19.0 & 18.9 & 18.6 & 20.1 & 20.9 & 19.4 \\
Aluminium & 18.7 & 18.9 & 18.7 & 18.8 & 18.9 & 18.7 \\
\bottomrule
\multicolumn{7}{@{}l}{\footnotesize Note: All temperatures are accurate to${}\pm\SI{0.1}{\celsius}$.}
\end{tabular}
\caption{Initial and final temperatures of metals reacting with copper sulphate solution}
\end{table}
\end{document}
答案4
我建议使用siunitx数字列的对齐方式，并固定列的宽度 S，以便多列内容对于这 S 列的宽度总和来说不会太宽。
此外，我提出了各种改进：使用来自的规则booktabs，在水平规则周围添加一些垂直填充，使用包将 \multicolumns 分成两行makecell，等等。
\documentclass[]{article}
\usepackage{multirow, makecell, booktabs}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\renewcommand{\theadfont}{\normalsize\bfseries}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[H]
\centering\sisetup{detect-weight, table-format=2.1, table-number-alignment=center, table-column-width=8mm}
\begin{tabular}{c*{7}{S}}
\toprule
\multirow{3.5}{*}{\textbf{Metal}} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\thead{Initial temperature\\\SI[detect-weight]{\pm 0.01}{\celsius}}} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\thead{Final temperature, \\ \SI{\pm 0.01}{\celsius}}} \\ \cmidrule(lr){2-4}\cmidrule(lr){5-7}
& {\bfseries 1} & {\bfseries 2} & {\bfseries 3} & {\bfseries 1} & {\bfseries 2} & {\bfseries 3} \\ \midrule
Iron & 18.1 & 19.0 & 18.7 & 21.9 & 24.3 & 24.4 \\
Zinc & 18.9 & 18.9 & 18.8 & 32.7 & 38.5 & 41.0 \\
Magnesium & 18.8 & 18.7 & 18.9 & 72.8 & 76.4 & 75.8 \\
Tin & 19.0 & 18.9 & 18.6 & 20.1 & 20.9 & 19.4 \\
Aluminium & 18.7 & 18.9 & 18.7 & 18.8 & 18.9 & 18.7 \\ \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\caption{Initial and final temperatures of metals reacting with Copper Sulphate solution}
\end{table}
\end{document}
