我有一份standalone包含两个图的文档。请参阅 MWE：
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
% PACKAGES LOADING
\usepackage{pgfplots} % To draw plots.
% TIKZ & PGFPLOTS LIBRARIES & SETTINGS
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.6}
\usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween}
\usetikzlibrary{fit, calc, matrix, positioning, arrows.meta, intersections, through, backgrounds, patterns}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.17}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
intersections,
positioning}
\pgfplotsset{width=6cm, height=6cm, % <---
axis lines=middle,
xlabel={$\cdot$},
xlabel style={anchor=west},
ylabel={$u(\cdot)$},
ylabel style={anchor=south},
xtick=\empty, ytick=\empty,
clip=false,
ylabel style={overlay},
yticklabel style={overlay},
}
\tikzset{
ddline/.append style = {draw=gray, densely dotted},
tick/.style = {inner sep=2pt, font=\footnotesize, align=right}
}
% FIGURES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
% Figure 1 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline]
\begin{axis}[
axis x line shift={-ln(0.1)}, % <---
xmin = 0,
domain = 0.1:5,
samples = 100,
scale = 1.5
]
\addplot [thick] {ln(\x)};
%
\draw[ddline]
(0.5,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below,yshift=-1.97pt] {$x$} |- coordinate[pos=0.5] (ux)
(0,{ln(0.5)}) node[tick,left] {$u(x)$};
\draw[ddline, name path=B]
(2,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below,xshift=20pt] {$px+(1-p)y$} |-
(0,{ln(2)}) node[tick,left] {$u(px+(1-p)y)$};
\draw[ddline]
(4,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below,yshift=-1.97pt] {$y$} |- coordinate[pos=0.5] (uy)
(0,{ln(4)}) node[tick,left] {$u(y)$};
\draw[name path=A, semitransparent] (ux) -- (uy);
\draw[name intersections={of=A and B, by=s}, ddline]
(s) -- (s -| 1.2,1.2) node[tick,left] {};
\draw[ddline]
(1.2,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below] {$c(F,u)$} |-
(0,{ln(1.22)}) node[tick,left] {$pu(x)+(1-p)u(y)$};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}%
% Figure 2 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline]
\begin{axis}[
axis x line shift={-ln(0.1)}, % <---
xmin = 0,
domain = 0.1:5,
samples = 100,
scale = 1.5,
]
\addplot [thick] {ln(\x)};
%
\draw[ddline]
(0.5,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below,yshift=-1.97pt] {$x-\varepsilon$} |- coordinate[pos=0.5] (ux)
(0,{ln(0.5)}) node[tick,left] {$u(x-\varepsilon)$};
\draw[ddline, name path=B]
(2,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below] {$(b)$} |-
(0,{ln(1.22)}) node[tick,left] {$(a)=u(x)$};
\draw[ddline]
(4,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below,yshift=-1.97pt] {$x+\varepsilon$} |- coordinate[pos=0.5] (uy)
(0,{ln(4)}) node[tick,left] {$u(x+\varepsilon)$};
\draw[name path=A, semitransparent] (ux) -- (uy);
\draw[ddline]
(1.2,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below,yshift=-1.97pt] {$x$} |-
(1.2,{ln(1.22)}) node[tick,left] {};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}%
\end{document}
然后我通过以下方式将这些图包含到我的主.tex文件中：\includepraphics[]{}
\documentclass{article}
% PACKAGES LOADING
\usepackage{graphicx}
% DOCUMENT ITSELF %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[page=1]{MWE 1.pdf}
\caption{Caption}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[page=2]{MWE 1.pdf}
\caption{Caption}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
正如您在图片中看到的，这些图并没有按照y-axis我的要求通过 对齐。我见过与我的问题类似的问题，但没有一个能解决我的问题。有些答案使用了 选项trim axis，但这在文档类中效果不佳，standalone因为它会删除 左侧的所有内容y-axis。我也尝试过baseline、overlay和use as bounding box选项，但无济于事。我怎样才能按其对齐这些图y-axis？
答案1
一种解决方法是在第二个中添加幻影节点tikzpicture：
\draw (0,0) node[tick,left] {\phantom{$pu(x)+(1-p)u(y)$}};
平均能量损失
\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
% PACKAGES LOADING
\usepackage{pgfplots} % To draw plots.
% TIKZ & PGFPLOTS LIBRARIES & SETTINGS
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.6}
\usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween}
\usetikzlibrary{fit, calc, matrix, positioning, arrows.meta, intersections, through, backgrounds, patterns}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.17}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
intersections,
positioning}
\pgfplotsset{width=6cm, height=6cm, % <---
axis lines=middle,
xlabel={$\cdot$},
xlabel style={anchor=west},
ylabel={$u(\cdot)$},
ylabel style={anchor=south},
xtick=\empty, ytick=\empty,
clip=false,
ylabel style={overlay},
yticklabel style={overlay},
}
\tikzset{
ddline/.append style = {draw=gray, densely dotted},
tick/.style = {inner sep=2pt, font=\footnotesize, align=right}
}
% FIGURES %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
% Figure 1 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline]
\begin{axis}[
axis x line shift={-ln(0.1)}, % <---
xmin = 0,
domain = 0.1:5,
samples = 100,
scale = 1.5
]
\addplot [thick] {ln(\x)};
%
\draw[ddline]
(0.5,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below,yshift=-1.97pt] {$x$} |- coordinate[pos=0.5] (ux)
(0,{ln(0.5)}) node[tick,left] {$u(x)$};
\draw[ddline, name path=B]
(2,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below,xshift=20pt] {$px+(1-p)y$} |-
(0,{ln(2)}) node[tick,left] {$u(px+(1-p)y)$};
\draw[ddline]
(4,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below,yshift=-1.97pt] {$y$} |- coordinate[pos=0.5] (uy)
(0,{ln(4)}) node[tick,left] {$u(y)$};
\draw[name path=A, semitransparent] (ux) -- (uy);
\draw[name intersections={of=A and B, by=s}, ddline]
(s) -- (s -| 1.2,1.2) node[tick,left] {};
\draw[ddline]
(1.2,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below] {$c(F,u)$} |-
(0,{ln(1.22)}) node[tick,left] {$pu(x)+(1-p)u(y)$};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}%
% Figure 2 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{tikzpicture}[baseline]
\begin{axis}[
axis x line shift={-ln(0.1)}, % <---
xmin = 0,
domain = 0.1:5,
samples = 100,
scale = 1.5,
]
\addplot [thick] {ln(\x)};
%
\draw (0,0) node[tick,left] {\phantom{$pu(x)+(1-p)u(y)$}};
\draw[ddline]
(0.5,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below,yshift=-1.97pt] {$x-\varepsilon$} |- coordinate[pos=0.5] (ux)
(0,{ln(0.5)}) node[tick,left] {$u(x-\varepsilon)$};
\draw[ddline, name path=B]
(2,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below] {$(b)$} |-
(0,{ln(1.22)}) node[tick,left] {$(a)=u(x)$};
\draw[ddline]
(4,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below,yshift=-1.97pt] {$x+\varepsilon$} |- coordinate[pos=0.5] (uy)
(0,{ln(4)}) node[tick,left] {$u(x+\varepsilon)$};
\draw[name path=A, semitransparent] (ux) -- (uy);
\draw[ddline]
(1.2,{ln(0.1)}) node[tick,below,yshift=-1.97pt] {$x$} |-
(1.2,{ln(1.22)}) node[tick,left] {};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}%
\end{document}
