我目前正在用 Latex 编写一个自动打印机程序，用于打印一些技术报告。整个打印机可以通过外部程序控制和启动，该程序提供 csv 文件和数据，使用 Pgfplots 处理后生成报告或 Beamer 格式的不同标准化图表。但我的问题是自动生成的文件名太长。由于该报告用于技术测量，因此文件名或图例条目可以标记为 File_Testname_3V6_1V7_Remeasure_Operator1_Operator2_D20210512T102239 或类似名称。这给我带来了几个问题，因为 Latex 无法在目录和 pgfplots 图例条目中破坏这些名称。
有什么方法可以强制 Latex 将这些长标签拆分成多行？遗憾的是，代码有点长，无法提供完整的工作示例，但无论如何，问题应该（从我的理解）与 plotfile 函数无关。Adjustbox 用于压缩 Report 或 Beamer 格式的大 pgfplotstable 图。
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\usepackage{underscore}
\usepackage{graphicx, siunitx}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\usepackage{tikz, pgfplots, pgfplotstable}
\usepgfplotslibrary{units}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
% ======== Commands ========
\newcommand{\comma}{/pgf/number format/read comma as period}
\newcommand{\semicolon}{semicolon}
\newcommand{\commadelim}{comma}
\newcommand{\type}{commadelim}
% ======== Plotfile ========
\newcommand{\plotfile}[3]{
\edef\rememberuscatcode{% make the underscore into a printable symbol,
\catcode`_=\the\catcode`_
\let\noexpand\rememberuscatcode\relax
}
\catcode`_=12 % but first remember its meaning
%
% Write correct column seperator
\newcommand{\tempmacro}{#3}
\ifx\tempmacro\semicolon
\renewcommand{\type}{semicolon}
\fi
\ifx\tempmacro\commadelim
\renewcommand{\type}{comma}
\fi
\pgfplotstableread[col sep=\type]
{\detokenize{#1}}{\table}
\pgfplotstablegetcolsof{\table}
\renewcommand{\tempmacro}{#2}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\numberofcols{%Define max. Nr of used columns
\ifx\tempmacro\undefined
{\pgfplotsretval-1}
\else
{#2}
\fi
}%
\pgfplotsinvokeforeach{1,...,\numberofcols}{
\pgfplotstablegetcolumnnamebyindex{##1}\of{\table}\to{\colname}
\addplot table [y index=##1, \comma] {\table};
\addlegendentryexpanded{\colname}
}%
\rememberuscatcode
}%
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\begin{filecontents} {File_Testname_3V6_1V7_Remeasure_Operator1_Operator2_D20210512T102239.csv}
Entry1;Entry_With_Different_Settings;Entry2_With_Different_Settings
0,25;0;0
4;75;76
9;70;70
\end{filecontents}
\section{Print}
\subsection{File_Testname_3V6_1V7_Remeasure_Operator1_Operator2_D20210512T102239}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{center}
\begin{adjustbox}{minipage=\textwidth, pagecenter,
max totalheight = 0.74\textheight, max width = 0.9\textwidth}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
width=0.82\linewidth, height=0.48\linewidth,
grid=major, grid style={dashed,gray!30},
xlabel=X Axis,
x unit=\si{\volt \per \meter},
xmin = 0, xmax = 9,
ylabel=Y Axis, y unit=\si{\milli \ampere},
legend pos=outer north east, legend cell align={left},
]
\addplot[mark=none, red, dashed] coordinates {(0,100) (10,100)};
\addplot[mark=none, red, dashed,forget plot] coordinates {(0,30) (10,25)};
\addlegendentry{\footnotesize Limit}
%
\plotfile{File_Testname_3V6_1V7_Remeasure_Operator1_Operator2_D20210512T102239.csv}{2}{semicolon}
%
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{adjustbox}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
答案1
此版本使用 url 包。大多数情况下，您只需要使用\protect\url它来避免过早扩展它。我还使用图例来限制文本宽度，并在条目之间添加了间隙。
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\usepackage{underscore}
\usepackage{graphicx, siunitx}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\usepackage{tikz, pgfplots, pgfplotstable}
\usepgfplotslibrary{units}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
\usepackage{url}
% ======== Commands ========
\newcommand{\comma}{/pgf/number format/read comma as period}
\newcommand{\semicolon}{semicolon}
\newcommand{\commadelim}{comma}
\newcommand{\type}{commadelim}
% ======== Plotfile ========
\newcommand{\plotfile}[3]{
\edef\rememberuscatcode{% make the underscore into a printable symbol,
\catcode`_=\the\catcode`_
\let\noexpand\rememberuscatcode\relax
}
\catcode`_=12 % but first remember its meaning
%
% Write correct column seperator
\newcommand{\tempmacro}{#3}
\ifx\tempmacro\semicolon
\renewcommand{\type}{semicolon}
\fi
\ifx\tempmacro\commadelim
\renewcommand{\type}{comma}
\fi
\pgfplotstableread[col sep=\type]
{\detokenize{#1}}{\table}
\pgfplotstablegetcolsof{\table}
\renewcommand{\tempmacro}{#2}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\numberofcols{%Define max. Nr of used columns
\ifx\tempmacro\undefined
{\pgfplotsretval-1}
\else
{#2}
\fi
}%
\pgfplotsinvokeforeach{1,...,\numberofcols}{
\pgfplotstablegetcolumnnamebyindex{##1}\of{\table}\to{\colname}
\addplot table [y index=##1, \comma] {\table};
\addlegendentryexpanded[text width=1in, text depth=]{\protect\url{\colname}}
\addlegendimage{empty legend}
\addlegendentry{}
}%
\rememberuscatcode
}%
\begin{document}
{\sloppy\tableofcontents}
\begin{filecontents} {File_Testname_3V6_1V7_Remeasure_Operator1_Operator2_D20210512T102239.csv}
Entry1;Entry_With_Different_Settings;Entry2_With_Different_Settings
0,25;0;0
4;75;76
9;70;70
\end{filecontents}
\section{Print}
\subsection{\protect\url{File_Testname_3V6_1V7_Remeasure_Operator1_Operator2_D20210512T102239}}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{center}
\begin{adjustbox}{minipage=\textwidth, pagecenter,
max totalheight = 0.74\textheight, max width = 0.9\textwidth}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
width=0.82\linewidth, height=0.48\linewidth,
grid=major, grid style={dashed,gray!30},
xlabel=X Axis,
x unit=\si{\volt \per \meter},
xmin = 0, xmax = 9,
ylabel=Y Axis, y unit=\si{\milli \ampere},
legend pos=outer north east, legend cell align={left},
]
\addplot[mark=none, red, dashed] coordinates {(0,100) (10,100)};
\addplot[mark=none, red, dashed,forget plot] coordinates {(0,30) (10,25)};
\addlegendentry{\footnotesize Limit}
%
\plotfile{File_Testname_3V6_1V7_Remeasure_Operator1_Operator2_D20210512T102239.csv}{2}{semicolon}
%
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{adjustbox}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
这将执行测试以确定列名是否长于 1 英寸。为了使其正常工作，我不得不将大部分 pgfplotstable 代码移到 tikzpicture 之外。
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\usepackage{underscore}
\usepackage{graphicx, siunitx}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\usepackage{tikz, pgfplots, pgfplotstable}
\usepgfplotslibrary{units}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
\usepackage{url}
\newsavebox{\urlbox}
\newif\iflongcolnames
% ======== Commands ========
\newcommand{\comma}{/pgf/number format/read comma as period}
\newcommand{\semicolon}{semicolon}
\newcommand{\commadelim}{comma}
\newcommand{\type}{commadelim}
% ======== Plotfile ========
\newcommand{\plotfile}{
\pgfplotsinvokeforeach {1,...,\numberofcols}{
\pgfplotstablegetcolumnnamebyindex{##1}\of{\table}\to{\colname}
\addplot table [y index=##1, \comma] {\table};
\iflongcolnames
\addlegendentryexpanded[text width=1in, text depth=]{\protect\url{\colname}}
\addlegendimage{empty legend}
\addlegendentry{}
\else
\addlegendentryexpanded{\colname}
\fi
}%
}%
% ====== preview ++++++
\newcommand{\preview}[3]{%
\edef\rememberuscatcode{% make the underscore into a printable symbol,
\catcode`_=\the\catcode`_
\let\noexpand\rememberuscatcode\relax
}
\catcode`_=12 % but first remember its meaning
%
% Write correct column seperator
\newcommand{\tempmacro}{#3}%
\ifx\tempmacro\semicolon
\renewcommand{\type}{semicolon}%
\fi
\ifx\tempmacro\commadelim
\renewcommand{\type}{comma}%
\fi
\pgfplotstableread[col sep=\type]%
{\detokenize{#1}}{\table} %
\pgfplotstablegetcolsof{\table}%
\renewcommand{\tempmacro}{#2}%
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\numberofcols{%Define max. Nr of used columns
\ifx\tempmacro\undefined
0
\else
{#2}
\fi
}%
\foreach \i in {1,...,\numberofcols}{%
\pgfplotstablegetcolumnnamebyindex{\i}\of{\table}\to{\colname}%
\savebox{\urlbox}{\colname}%
\ifdim\wd\urlbox > 1in\relax
\global\longcolnamestrue
\fi
}%
\rememberuscatcode
}%
\begin{document}
{\sloppy\tableofcontents}
\begin{filecontents} {File_Testname_3V6_1V7_Remeasure_Operator1_Operator2_D20210512T102239.csv}
Entry1;Entry_With_Different_Settings;Entry2_With_Different_Settings
0,25;0;0
4;75;76
9;70;70
\end{filecontents}
\section{Print}
\subsection{\protect\url{File_Testname_3V6_1V7_Remeasure_Operator1_Operator2_D20210512T102239}}
\begin{figure}[ht]
\preview{File_Testname_3V6_1V7_Remeasure_Operator1_Operator2_D20210512T102239.csv}{2}{semicolon}
\begin{adjustbox}{minipage=\textwidth, pagecenter,
max totalheight = 0.74\textheight, max width = 0.9\textwidth}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
width=0.82\linewidth, height=0.48\linewidth,
grid=major, grid style={dashed,gray!30},
xlabel=X Axis,
x unit=\si{\volt \per \meter},
xmin = 0, xmax = 9,
ylabel=Y Axis, y unit=\si{\milli \ampere},
legend pos=outer north east, legend cell align={left},
]
\addplot[mark=none, red, dashed] coordinates {(0,100) (10,100)};
\addplot[mark=none, red, dashed,forget plot] coordinates {(0,30) (10,25)};
\addlegendentry{\footnotesize Limit}
%
\plotfile
%
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{adjustbox}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
答案2
问题实际上有两个方面：章节中的长标题和长的图例宽度。
为了解决分段问题，我设置了一个宏\breakabledef，它将创建一个\def，但下划线将被替换为，\_并\allowbreak插入到每个非空格/非宏字符之后。然后，只需使用这个定义的宏作为节标题即可。
至于剧情图例，我不太了解如何tikz改变图例位置或剧情的换行。但我会注意到环境的组合center与 相冲突adjustbox，所以我在那里删除/更改了一些东西，让它回到中心。
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{ifthen}
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\usepackage{underscore}
\usepackage{graphicx, siunitx}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\usepackage{tikz, pgfplots, pgfplotstable}
\usepgfplotslibrary{units}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
% ======== Commands ========
\newcommand{\comma}{/pgf/number format/read comma as period}
\newcommand{\semicolon}{semicolon}
\newcommand{\commadelim}{comma}
\newcommand{\type}{commadelim}
% ======== Plotfile ========
\newcommand{\plotfile}[3]{
\edef\rememberuscatcode{% make the underscore into a printable symbol,
\catcode`_=\the\catcode`_
\let\noexpand\rememberuscatcode\relax
}
\catcode`_=12 % but first remember its meaning
%
% Write correct column seperator
\newcommand{\tempmacro}{#3}
\ifx\tempmacro\semicolon
\renewcommand{\type}{semicolon}
\fi
\ifx\tempmacro\commadelim
\renewcommand{\type}{comma}
\fi
\pgfplotstableread[col sep=\type]
{\detokenize{#1}}{\table}
\pgfplotstablegetcolsof{\table}
\renewcommand{\tempmacro}{#2}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\numberofcols{%Define max. Nr of used columns
\ifx\tempmacro\undefined
{\pgfplotsretval-1}
\else
{#2}
\fi
}%
\pgfplotsinvokeforeach{1,...,\numberofcols}{
\pgfplotstablegetcolumnnamebyindex{##1}\of{\table}\to{\colname}
\addplot table [y index=##1, \comma] {\table};
\addlegendentryexpanded{\colname}
}%
\rememberuscatcode
}%
\usepackage{tokcycle}
\newcommand\breakabledef[2]{%
\resettokcycle
\Characterdirective{\ifx_##1\addcytoks{\_}\else\addcytoks{##1}\fi
\addcytoks{\allowbreak}}%
\tokcyclexpress{#2}%
\expandafter\def\expandafter#1\expandafter{\the\cytoks}%
}
\begin{document}
\breakabledef\mycsv
{File_Testname_3V6_1V7_Remeasure_Operator1_Operator2_D20210512T102239}
\tableofcontents
\begin{filecontents}[overwrite] {File_Testname_3V6_1V7_Remeasure_Operator1_Operator2_D20210512T102239.csv}
Entry1;Entry_With_Different_Settings;Entry2_With_Different_Settings
0,25;0;0
4;75;76
9;70;70
\end{filecontents}
\section{Print}
\subsection{\mycsv}
\begin{figure}[ht]
% \begin{center}
\begin{adjustbox}{minipage=.9\textwidth, pagecenter,
max totalheight = 0.74\textheight, max width = 0.8\textwidth}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
width=0.82\linewidth, height=0.48\linewidth,
grid=major, grid style={dashed,gray!30},
xlabel=X Axis,
x unit=\si{\volt \per \meter},
xmin = 0, xmax = 9,
ylabel=Y Axis, y unit=\si{\milli \ampere},
legend pos=outer north east,
legend cell align={left},
]
\addplot[mark=none, red, dashed] coordinates {(0,100) (10,100)};
\addplot[mark=none, red, dashed,forget plot] coordinates {(0,30) (10,25)};
\addlegendentry{\footnotesize Limit}
%
\plotfile{File_Testname_3V6_1V7_Remeasure_Operator1_Operator2_D20210512T102239.csv}{2}{semicolon}
%
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{adjustbox}
% \end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
