如何正确将 IEEE 出版物的表格标题居中

Question

我准备了一个小型 MWE 来复制我遇到的问题。如何正确地将 IEEE 出版物的表格标题居中？

以下不正确行为：

以下正确行为我在寻找：

以下是我目前所做的工作：

\documentclass{ieeetran}
\usepackage{ragged2e}  
\usepackage{booktabs, makecell, 
            tabularx}  % added
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\RaggedRight\hspace{0pt}%
                     \hsize=#1\hsize}X} % new
\usepackage{siunitx} % consider is v3

\begin{document} 

% Paragraphs... 

\begin{table*}
\caption{Ranking of research methodologies for QUERY-1}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{4pt}
\setcellgapes{3pt}
\makegapedcells
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{} >{\itshape}L{0.9}cc cL{1.1}c}
% \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}l*{10}{C}c@{}}
    \toprule
\multicolumn{2}{@{} l}{Breakdown of research methodologies} \\
    \midrule
\normalfont{Criterion 1} 
    & Criterion 2 & Criterion 3 & Classification & Papers using the research method \\
    \midrule
Analytical 
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
    
Analytical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
     
Analytical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
    
Analytical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
    
Analytical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
   
Empirical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
    
Empirical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\

Empirical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
  
Empirical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\

Empirical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
    \bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table*}

为了解决这个问题，我尝试了几种解决方案，我发现此来源，其他来源。为了更加精确，我尝试了以下方法：

\begin{table*}
  \centering
  \begin{tabularx}{|p{2.5cm}|p{2.5cm}|p{2.5cm}|p{2.5cm}|p{2.5cm}|}

但这并不像帖子中描述的那样有效。但我也尝试了另一种方法，这是一种更通用的方法，如下所示：

\begin{table}
 \centering
 \begin{tabularx}{|c|c|c|c|c|}

所有解决方案均未给我带来预期的行为。请指出正确的方向以找到解决此问题的方法。

編輯

根据用户的建议，为了正确地将标题对齐到中间，应该在开始时进行以下修改：

\begin{table*}
\caption{Ranking of research methodologies for QUERY-1}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{4pt}
\setcellgapes{3pt}
\makegapedcells
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{}X !{\qquad}Xc!{\qquad}Xc!{\qquad}Xc}

   % Table stuff...

   \bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{table*}

然而，列之间的额外空间仍然存在，正如你在下面看到的，这仍然是不正确行为，因为我正在寻找一个更简洁的表格，正如我在问题中所展示的那样。

Answer 1

表格占用了页面的整个宽度，因此必须把多余的空间放到某处。

具有相同宽度的列间距可以使分布更加美观。

\documentclass{ieeetran}

\usepackage{ragged2e}  
\usepackage{booktabs, makecell,     tabularx}  % added
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\RaggedRight\hspace{0pt} \hsize=#1\hsize}X} % new
\usepackage{siunitx} % consider is v3

\newcolumntype{Y}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}% added <<<<<<<<<<
\begin{document}
    
\begin{table*}
    \caption{Ranking of research methodologies for QUERY-1}
    \setlength{\tabcolsep}{4pt}
    \setcellgapes{3pt}
    \makegapedcells     
        \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{} XXXX Y}% changed <<<<
        \toprule
        \multicolumn{2}{@{} l}{Breakdown of research methodologies} \\
        \midrule
        \normalfont{Criterion 1} 
        & Criterion 2 & Criterion 3 & Classification & Nro  papers \\
        \midrule
        Analytical 
        & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
        
        Analytical
        & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
        
        Analytical
        & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
        
        Analytical
        & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
        
        Analytical
        & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
        
        Empirical
        & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
        
        Empirical
        & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
        
        Empirical
        & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
        
        Empirical
        & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
        
        Empirical
        & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
        \bottomrule
    \end{tabularx}
\end{table*}    
    
\end{document}

而是使用\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{} XXXX c}（以及最后一列的较长标题），您将得到一个类似于问题中显示的表格。

Answer 2

此版本使用表格*。它均衡了列之间的间隙。

\documentclass{ieeetran}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{siunitx} % consider is v3

\usepackage{lipsum}% MWE only

\begin{document} 
% Paragraphs... 

\begin{table*}
\caption{Ranking of research methodologies for QUERY-1}

\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}} ccccc @{}}
%\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}l*{10}{C}c@{}}
    \toprule
\multicolumn{2}{@{}l}{Breakdown of research methodologies} \\
    \midrule
{\normalfont Criterion 1} 
    & Criterion 2 & Criterion 3 & Classification & Papers using the research method \\
    \midrule
Analytical 
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
Analytical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
Analytical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
Analytical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
Analytical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
Empirical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
Empirical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
Empirical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
Empirical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
Empirical
    & Qualitative & Conceptual & Literature review & 21 \\
    \bottomrule
\end{tabular*}
\end{table*}

\lipsum[1-16]

\end{document}