使用 Tikz 创建带有节点和箭头的图形

Question

我正在尝试生成以下图表

下面是我为了生成这样的图表而编写的代码

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[->,>=stealth',shorten >=1pt,auto,node distance=3cm,
                    thick,main node/.style={circle,draw,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries}]

  \node[main node] (1) {a};
  \node[main node] (2) [below = 1] {d};
  \node[main node] (3) [right = 2] {e};
  \node[main node] (4) [above left = 3] {c};
  \node[main node] (5) [above right = 4] {b};
  \node[main node] (6) [below right = 5] {f};

  \path[every node/.style={font=\sffamily\small}]
    (1) edge node [right] {a} (1)
    (2) edge node [right] {d} (2)
    (3) edge node [left] {e} (3)
    (4) edge node [left] {c} (3)
        edge node [left] {c} (2)
        edge node [right] {c} (5)
    (5) edge node [right] {b} (1)
    (6) edge node [left] {f} (2);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

我得到了以下输出：

我如何获得预期的图表？

Answer 1

你的定位错了。你可以使用它，left=3cm of <node>但left=3它什么也没做。有了positioning库，你可以通过微调来调整一切。

下面，我没有正确调整箭头上的节点位置。可以自动完成（参见选项auto）或手动完成，pos=...例如使用。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,positioning}
\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[->,>=stealth',shorten >=1pt,auto,node distance=2cm,
                        thick,main node/.style={circle,draw,minimum size=8mm,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries}]
    
      \node[main node] (a) {a};
      \node[main node] (c) [below right = of a] {c};
      \node[main node] (d) [below left = of c] {d};
      \node[main node] (e) [below right = of c] {e};  
      \node[main node] (b) [above right = of c] {b};
      \node[main node] (f) [below right = of b] {f};
    
      \path[every node/.style={font=\sffamily\small}]
        (a) edge node [right] {$1$} (d)
        (c) edge node [right] {$2$} (a)
            edge node [left] {$3$} (d)
            edge node [left] {$5$} (b)
        (d) edge node [below] {$-2$} (e)
        (e) edge node [right] {$3$} (c)
        (b) edge node [right] {$-1$} (f)
        (f) edge node [below] {$-2$} (e);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 2

没有positioning图书馆。

\documentclass[tikz,border=5mm]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\path[nodes={circle,draw,minimum size=5mm}] 
(-1,1)  node (a) {$a$}
(1,1)   node (b) {$b$}
(0,0)   node (c) {$c$}      
(-1,-1) node (d) {$d$}
(1,-1)  node (e) {$e$}
(2,0)   node (f) {$f$}
;
\begin{scope}[nodes={midway,scale=.6,magenta}]
\draw[->] (a)--(d) node[left]{$1$};
\draw[->] (c)--(a) node[above right]{$2$};
\draw[->] (c)--(d) node[above left]{$3$};
\draw[->] (e)--(c) node[above right]{$3$};
\draw[->] (c)--(b) node[above left]{$5$};
\draw[->] (d)--(e) node[above]{$-2$};
\draw[->] (f)--(e) node[below right]{$-2$};
\draw[->] (b)--(f) node[above right]{$-1$};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 3

通过使用tikz-cd包，您的图表可以轻松绘制。

编辑： 向箭头添加选项math mode，即：因此标签位于数学节点中而无需将其插入到$... $：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz-cd}

\begin{document}
    \[
\begin{tikzcd}[
  sep = 2cm,
cells = {nodes={circle, draw, thick, 
                minimum size=11mm, inner sep=1pt, anchor=center,
                font=\Large\sffamily\bfseries}
                },
  math mode = false,
arrow style = tikz,
     arrows = {>={Straight Barb[angle=90:4pt 2]}, semithick, math mode},
     labels = {font=\normalsize}
                  ]
a  \ar[dd,"1"]  &   & b \ar[dr,"-1"]    &   \\ 
                & c \ar[ul,"2"] \ar[ur,"5"]  \ar[dl,"3"]
                &   & f \ar[dl,"-2"]        \\
d \ar[rr, "-2"] &   & e \ar[lu,"3"]     &                   
\end{tikzcd}
    \]
\end{document}