我正在尝试绘制带有上括号和下括号的矩阵。这可以借助节点编号来完成，并\tikzset处理书法括号的一些选项。
根据我的做法，输出符合要求。但是，这样的选项需要多个括号宽度和不同长度的括号幅度。我宁愿选择一种类似于\SubMatrix调整括号宽度的优雅解决方案。
相关话题
是否可以使用计数器iRow和jCol来突出显示每个单元格NiceTabular？
这个 MWE 有助于展示我需要什么
\documentclass{amsart}
\usepackage[x11names]{xcolor}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{nicematrix}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing,calligraphy}
\tikzset{
BraceThick/.style = {decorate,
decoration={calligraphic brace, amplitude=3.7pt,
pre =moveto, pre length=1.1pt,
post=moveto, post length=1.1pt,
raise=#1},
thick,
pen colour=black},
BraceThick/.default=0pt
}
\tikzset{
BraceMirroredThick/.style = {decorate,
decoration={calligraphic brace, amplitude=3.7pt,
pre =moveto, pre length=1.1pt,
post=moveto, post length=1.1pt,
mirror,
raise=#1},
thick,
pen colour=black},
BraceMirroredThick/.default=0pt,
}
\tikzset{
BraceSemiThick/.style = {decorate,
decoration={calligraphic brace, amplitude=2.5pt,
pre =moveto, pre length=1.1pt,
post=moveto, post length=1.1pt,
raise=#1},
semithick,
pen colour=black},
BraceSemiThick/.default=0pt
}
\tikzset{
BraceMirroredSemiThick/.style = {decorate,
decoration={calligraphic brace, amplitude=2.5pt,
pre =moveto, pre length=1.1pt,
post=moveto, post length=1.1pt,
mirror,
raise=#1},
semithick,
pen colour=black},
BraceMirroredSemiThick/.default=0pt,
}
\tikzset{
BraceThin/.style = {decorate,
decoration={calligraphic brace, amplitude=1.7pt,
pre =moveto, pre length=0.61pt,
post=moveto, post length=0.61pt,
raise=#1},
thin,
pen colour=black},
BraceThin/.default=0pt
}
\tikzset{
BraceMirroredThin/.style = {decorate,
decoration={calligraphic brace, amplitude=1.7pt,
pre =moveto, pre length=0.61pt,
post=moveto, post length=0.61pt,
mirror,
raise=#1},
thin,
pen colour=black},
BraceMirroredThin/.default=0pt,
}
\ExplSyntaxOn
\NewDocumentCommand{\highlightNodes}{ O { } }
{
\foreach \i in {1,...,\arabic{iRow}}
\foreach \j in {1,...,\arabic{jCol}}
{
\tikz [remember~picture, overlay]
\node [opacity=0.21] at (\i.5-|\j.5) {\color{gray} \i , \j} ;
}
}
\ExplSyntaxOff
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
E =
\begin{bNiceArray}{>{\strut}l|l}[create-extra-nodes, margin, extra-margin=1pt]
\Block{2-1}{E_1} & 0 \\
\cline {2-2}
& \Block{2-1}{E_2} \\
\cline {1-1}
0 & \\
\CodeAfter
{
\begin{tikzpicture}[name suffix = -large]
\draw[BraceSemiThick={0pt}] (1-1.north west) -- node[above=0pt] {$C_1$} (1-1.north east);
\draw[BraceSemiThick={0pt}] (1-2.north west) -- node[above=0pt] {$C_2$} (1-2.north east);
\draw[BraceMirroredThin={0pt}] (3-1.south west) -- node[below=0pt] {$C_1$} (3-1.south east);
\draw[BraceMirroredThin={0pt}] (3-2.south west) -- node[below=0pt] {$C_2$} (3-2.south east);
\end{tikzpicture}
\highlightNodes
}
\end{bNiceArray}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
编辑
看起来过度矫正和不足矫正看起来都很好。但是，我们可以添加以下内容
\vspace{11mm}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{bNiceArray}{ccc|c}[margin, create-extra-nodes]
\Block[fill=Coral3]{3-3}<\large>{Z} & & & 0 \\
& \hspace*{1cm} & & \Vdots \\
& & & 0 \\ \hline
0 & \Cdots & 0 & 0
\CodeAfter
{
\begin{tikzpicture}[name suffix = -large]
\draw[BraceThick={0pt}] (1-1.north west) -- node[above=0pt] {$C_1$} (1-3.north east);
\draw[BraceThick={0pt}] (1-4.north east) -- node[right=0pt] {$C_2$} (3-4.south east);
\draw[BraceMirroredThin={0pt}] (4-4.south east)-- node[right=0pt] {$C_4$} (4-4.north east);
\draw[BraceMirroredThick={0pt}] (4-1.south west)-- node[below=0pt] {$C_3$} (4-3.south east);
\end{tikzpicture}
% \highlightNodes
}
\highlightNodes
\end{bNiceArray}
\mathstrut
\end{equation*}
\vspace{11mm}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{bNiceArray}{ccc|c}[margin, create-extra-nodes]
\Block[fill=Coral3]{3-3}<\large>{Z} & & & 0 \\
& \hspace*{1cm} & & \Vdots \\
& & & 0 \\ \hline
0 & \Cdots & 0 & 0
\CodeAfter
{
\begin{tikzpicture}[name suffix = -large]
\draw[BraceThin={0pt}] (1-1.north west) -- node[above=0pt] {$C_1$} (1-3.north east);
\draw[BraceThin={0pt}] (1-4.north east) -- node[right=0pt] {$C_2$} (3-4.south east);
\draw[BraceMirroredThick={0pt}] (4-4.south east)-- node[right=0pt] {$C_4$} (4-4.north east);
\draw[BraceMirroredThin={0pt}] (4-1.south west)-- node[below=0pt] {$C_3$} (4-3.south east);
\end{tikzpicture}
% \highlightNodes
}
\highlightNodes
\end{bNiceArray}
\mathstrut
\end{equation*}
我们看到得到以下结果
如您所见，一个示例中的支架选择看起来不错，但另一个示例中的支架选择非常丑陋，因为支架太细了。对于BraceMirroredThickC4，它看起来甚至不像支架。
\SubMatrix调整其宽度（thick、thin等）并amplitude动态地使其看起来美观。
答案1
像这样？
由于nicematrix也需要使用大括号tikz（并且最终图像需要两次或更多次编译），我认为在您的情况下最好采用纯tikz解决方案：
\documentclass[border=3.141592]{standalone}
\usepackage{mathdots}
\usepackage[x11names]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathreplacing,
calligraphy,
fit,
matrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
BC/.style args = {#1/#2}{% Braces Calligraphic
decorate,
decoration={calligraphic brace, amplitude=2pt,
pre =moveto, pre length=1pt,
post=moveto, post length=1pt,
raise=#1,
#2},% for mirroring of brace
thick,
pen colour={black}
},
]
\matrix (m) [matrix of math nodes,
nodes={minimum height=2ex, minimum width=1.3em, inner sep=1pt,
anchor=center, text=gray!50},
column sep=4pt, row sep=1pt,
left delimiter={[},right delimiter={]},
inner xsep=0pt, inner ysep=1pt
]
{
1,1 & 1,2 & 1,3 & 1,4 \\
2,1 & 2,2 & 2,3 & 2,4 \\
3,1 & 3,2 & 3,3 & 3,4 \\
4,1 & 4,2 & 4,3 & 4,4 \\
};
\draw (m-3-1.south west) -- (m-3-4.south east)
(m-1-3.north east) -- (m-4-3.south east);
% braces
\draw[BC=2pt/ ] (m-1-1.north west) -- node[above=2pt] {$C_1$} (m-1-3.north east);
\draw[BC=8pt/ ] (m-1-4.north east) -- node[right=9pt] {$C_2$} (m-3-4.south east);
\draw[BC=2pt/mirror] (m-4-1.south west) -- node[below=2pt] {$C_3$} (m-4-3.south east);
\draw[BC=8pt/mirror] (m-4-4.south east) -- node[right=9pt] {$C_4$} (m-4-4.north east);
%
\node[fill=Coral3, semitransparent, fit=(m-1-1) (m-3-3),
inner sep=0pt] {};
\draw[very thick, line cap=round, dash pattern=on 0pt off 2\pgflinewidth]
(m-1-4) node {0} -- (m-4-4) node {0} -- (m-4-1) node {0};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
注意：上面的图片可以插入到数学环境中。另外，显示的结果只需要一个 MWE 编译即可。
答案2
6.4 版nicematrix(2021/11/23) 提供了新的命令\OverBrace和\UnderBrace可用于\CodeAfter解决这种情况。括号是标准 LaTeX 的括号（即用当前数学字体构造的括号），而不是 Tikz 的括号。
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage[x11names]{xcolor}
\usepackage{nicematrix}
\usepackage{tikz}
\ExplSyntaxOn
\NewDocumentCommand{\highlightNodes}{ O { } }
{
\foreach \i in {1,...,\arabic{iRow}}
\foreach \j in {1,...,\arabic{jCol}}
{
\tikz [remember~picture, overlay]
\node [opacity=0.21] at (\i.5-|\j.5) {\color{gray} \i , \j} ;
}
}
\ExplSyntaxOff
\begin{document}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{bNiceArray}{ccc|c}[margin, create-extra-nodes]
\Block[fill=Coral3]{3-3}<\large>{Z} & & & 0 \\
& \hspace*{1cm} & & \Vdots \\
& & & 0 \\ \hline
0 & \Cdots & 0 & 0
\CodeAfter
\highlightNodes
\OverBrace[shorten,yshift=1mm]{1-1}{4-3}{C_{1}}
\UnderBrace[shorten]{4-1}{4-3}{C_{3}}
\end{bNiceArray}
\end{equation*}
\end{document}
与往常一样nicematrix，您需要进行多次编译。
