为什么我的 tikz 代码无法在 Overleaf 中编译

Question

你真的需要所有这些包吗？你的前言太乱了。

在序言中，你几乎加载了所有的包两次或更多次，更糟糕的是，其中一些包有不同的选项！彻底清理它！
有些软件包，如subfigure和filecontents已经过时
该软件包titlesec与 IEEEtran 文档类不兼容
软件包caption与 IEEEtran 文档类不兼容
不要在同一个文档中使用enumitem和打包enumerate

编辑（2）： 尝试清理文档前言，考虑到上述内容，请参见以下 MWE。此时，我想知道这篇文章是否打算发表在某些 IEEE 期刊上。如果是，则需要进一步清理，您需要删除所有所需格式的重新设计，即删除包geometry、fancyhdr、titlesec等...在 IEEEtran 文章的设计中，请考虑可在加拿大运输安全局。

现在，它可以在（免费帐户）Overleaf 中以及在我本地安装的 MiKTeX 中使用您的图像代码进行无错误编译。但是，由于它很糟糕（由创建时的预期结果matcha.io），我从头开始重新绘制它，目标是使其更清晰、一致且更简短。当然，图像代码及其设计的进一步改进仍然是可能的，但现在它可以作为一个很好的起点：

\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}
\IEEEoverridecommandlockouts              
\usepackage[hmargin=0.65in,vmargin={0.66in,0.99in}]{geometry}

\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage[compact]{titlesec}
\titlespacing{\section}{10pt}{3pt}{3pt}
\usepackage{relsize}
\usepackage{interval}
\usepackage{booktabs, longtable, multirow, supertabular, tabularx}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.5}
    \newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{\centering\hspace{0pt}\arraybackslash}p{#1}}
    \newcolumntype{M}[1]{>{\centering\hspace{0pt}\arraybackslash}m{#1}}
    \newcolumntype{L}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{3cm}}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage[ruled,vlined]{algorithm2e}
\usepackage{algorithmic}
\usepackage{cite}
\def\BibTeX{{\rm B\kern-.05em{\sc i\kern-.025em b}\kern-.08em
    T\kern-.1667em\lower.7ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
\usepackage[table]{xcolor}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\setlist{nolistsep,leftmargin=.6cm}
\usepackage{bbm, bm}
\usepackage{breqn}
\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb, amsthm}
\usepackage{psfrag}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                fit,
                positioning,
                quotes}

\usepackage{cuted}
\usepackage{soul} 
\usepackage{pbox}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\usepackage{fancyhdr}

\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhead[C]{Confidential}

\usepackage{lipsum}

\begin{document}
\lipsum[1]

\begin{figure}[ht]
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
  node distance = 4mm and 8mm,
              > = Straight Barb,
     arr/.style = {very thick, loosely dotted, shorten <=2mm, shorten >=2mm},
every edge quotes/.append style = {auto, inner sep=2pt,
                                   font=\scriptsize, sloped, pos=0.7},
       N/.style = {draw, minimum size=1.3em, semithick},
FIT/.style args = {#1/#2}{fit=#2,
                          text width=#1,anchor=west,
                          inner ysep=0pt, outer sep=0pt,
                          draw},
every label/.append style = {inner ysep=1ex, align=center}
                        ]
\node (n1) [N]                  {$X_t^{a_1}$};
\node (n2) [N,below=of n1]      {$X_t^{a_2}$};
\node (n3) [N,below=12mm of n2] {$X_t^{a_k}$};
\draw[arr]  (n2) -- (n3);
%
\node[align=center, above=of n1] {Channel input\\$C_{\text{in}}$};
\node[align=center, below=of n3] {active device set:\\
                                  $\{a_1,a_2,\dotsc,a_k$\},\\
                                  $X_t^{a_i}\in\{0,1\}$};
%
\coordinate[right=of n1.north east] (aux1);    
\coordinate[right=of n3.south east] (aux2);
\node (f1) [FIT=5em/(aux1) (aux2), 
            label={[anchor=north]north:$\displaystyle\sum_i^k X_t^{a_i}$},
            label={[anchor=south]south:Hamming\\ weight\\ computation}
            ] {};
\foreach \i in {1,2,3}
    \draw[->]  (n\i) -- (n\i -| f1.west);             
%
\coordinate[right=of f1.north east] (aux3);
\coordinate[right=of f1.south east] (aux4);
\node (f2) [FIT=2em/(aux3) (aux4),
            label={[name=f2a,anchor=north]north:0},
            label={[name=f2b,anchor=north,yshift=-1em]north:1},
            label={[name=f2c]center:$i$},
            label={[name=f2d,anchor=south]south:$k$}
            ] {};
\draw[arr]  (f2b) -- (f2c) -- (f2d);
%
\node[align=center, below=of f2] 
    {$p_i=1-\exp\left(-\frac{\tau^2}{i\sigma^2 + \sigma_{\omega}^2}\right)$};
%
\foreach \i in {a,...,d}
    \draw[->]  (f2\i -| f1.east) -- (f2\i -| f2.west);
%
\node (c1)  [circle,draw, right=12mm of f2a -| f2.east] {0};
\node (c2)  [circle,draw, right=12mm of f2d -| f2.east] {1};
%
\node[align=center, above=of c1] {Channel ouput\\$Z_t$};
\foreach \i in {a,b,d}
{
    \draw[->] (f2\i -| f2.east) -- (c1);
    \draw[->] (f2\i -| f2.east) -- (c2);
}
    \draw[->] (f2c -| f2.east) to ["$p_i$"]     (c1);
    \draw[->] (f2c -| f2.east) to ["$1-p_i$" '] (c2);

    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\lipsum[2-8]
\end{document}

编辑（1）： 如果您喜欢用阴影矩形覆盖图像，请在图像代码末尾添加：

   \begin{tikzpicture}[
% existed image code
\draw[dashed, fill=gray!30, semitransparent]  % <--- new
    (current bounding box.south west) rectangle (current bounding box.north east);
    \end{tikzpicture}

这样得到的图像将变成如下形式：

不过，我猜你可能喜欢用这个矩形作为图像背景。在这种情况下，你需要添加 Ti钾Z 库backgrounds 和图像代码末尾：

\scoped[on background layer]
\draw[dashed, fill=gray!15] 
    (current bounding box.south west) rectangle (current bounding box.north east);

现在图像将呈现以下外观：

还有一种可能，图像有灰色背景，但节点是白色的。在这种情况下，您需要fill=white向所有节点添加样式定义或重写图像代码，如下所示：

\documentclass[conference]{IEEEtran}
\IEEEoverridecommandlockouts              
\usepackage[hmargin=0.65in,vmargin={0.66in,0.99in}]{geometry}

\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb, amsthm}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                backgrounds,
                fit,
                positioning,
                quotes}

\begin{document}
\begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
  node distance = 4mm and 8mm,
              > = Straight Barb,
     arr/.style = {very thick, loosely dotted, shorten <=2mm, shorten >=2mm},
every edge quotes/.append style = {auto, inner sep=2pt,
                                   font=\scriptsize, sloped, pos=0.7},
    base/.style = {draw, fill=white, semithick},
       C/.style = {circle, base},
       N/.style = {base, minimum size=1.3em},
FIT/.style args = {#1/#2}{fit=#2,
                          text width=#1,anchor=west,
                          inner ysep=0pt, outer sep=0pt,
                          base},
every label/.append style = {inner ysep=1ex, align=center}
                        ]
\node (n1) [N]                  {$X_t^{a_1}$};
\node (n2) [N,below=of n1]      {$X_t^{a_2}$};
\node (n3) [N,below=12mm of n2] {$X_t^{a_k}$};
\draw[arr]  (n2) -- (n3);
%
\node[align=center, above=of n1] {Channel input\\$C_{\text{in}}$};
\node[align=center, below=of n3] {active device set:\\
                                  $\{a_1,a_2,\dotsc,a_k$\},\\
                                  $X_t^{a_i}\in\{0,1\}$};
%
\coordinate[right=of n1.north east] (aux1);    
\coordinate[right=of n3.south east] (aux2);
\node (f1) [FIT=5em/(aux1) (aux2), 
            label={[anchor=north]north:$\displaystyle\sum_i^k X_t^{a_i}$},
            label={[anchor=south]south:Hamming\\ weight\\ computation}
            ] {};
\foreach \i in {1,2,3}
    \draw[->]  (n\i) -- (n\i -| f1.west);             
%
\coordinate[right=of f1.north east] (aux3);
\coordinate[right=of f1.south east] (aux4);
\node (f2) [FIT=2em/(aux3) (aux4),
            label={[name=f2a,anchor=north]north:0},
            label={[name=f2b,anchor=north,yshift=-1em]north:1},
            label={[name=f2c]center:$i$},
            label={[name=f2d,anchor=south]south:$k$}
            ] {};
\draw[arr]  (f2b) -- (f2c) -- (f2d);
%
\node[align=center, below=of f2] 
    {$p_i=1-\exp\left(-\frac{\tau^2}{i\sigma^2 + \sigma_{\omega}^2}\right)$};
%
\foreach \i in {a,...,d}
    \draw[->]  (f2\i -| f1.east) -- (f2\i -| f2.west);
%
\node (c1)  [C, right=12mm of f2a -| f2.east] {0};
\node (c2)  [C, right=12mm of f2d -| f2.east] {1};
%
\node[align=center, above=of c1] {Channel ouput\\$Z_t$};
\foreach \i in {a,b,d}
{
    \draw[->] (f2\i -| f2.east) -- (c1);
    \draw[->] (f2\i -| f2.east) -- (c2);
}
    \draw[->] (f2c -| f2.east) to ["$p_i$"]     (c1);
    \draw[->] (f2c -| f2.east) to ["$1-p_i$" '] (c2);
\scoped[on background layer]
\draw[dashed, fill=gray!15] 
    (current bounding box.south west) rectangle (current bounding box.north east);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}

Answer 1