我想绘制如下图形(绘制离散信号) 但值中带点,我的意思是 x 上的点值没有 y 值,就像“没有信息” (...)。我稍微修改了此线程中的代码,但很难添加“点”下面我附上了我想要的示例以及我的 tex 代码及其输出。我在谷歌上搜索了 1 个小时,但没有结果。
特克斯代码
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\title{}
\author{}
\date{}
\begin{document}
\begin{filecontents}{data.dat}
n xn
0 10
1 9
2 5
3 2
4 -3
5 -
20 8
21 3
\end{filecontents}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}
[%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
scale=1.3,
axis x line=middle,
axis y line=middle,
every axis x label={at={(current axis.right of origin)},anchor=north west},
every axis y label={at={(current axis.above origin)},anchor= north west},
every axis plot post/.style={mark options={fill=black}},
xmin=0,
xmax=20,
xtick={0,1, 2, 3,4,5,20, 21},
xticklabels={0,1, 2, 3, 4, .., 20, 21},
xlabel={$\boldsymbol{x}$},
ylabel={$\boldsymbol{z[n]}$},
ytick={-5, 10},
ymin=-5,
ymax=10,
]%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\addplot+[ycomb,black, very thick] table [x={n}, y={xn}] {data.dat};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
谢谢阅读。
答案1
添加怎么样
\path[draw,loosely dotted,thick,black](6,-1)--(19,-1);
在轴环境内?
答案2
如何解决您的问题,在@ukg 回答(+1)中显示,因此这里有一些主题建议,可以改进(根据我的意见)您的 MWE:
\RequirePackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{data.dat}
n xn
0 10
1 9
2 5
3 2
4 -3
12 -3
13 2
14 5
20 8
21 3
25 nan
\end{filecontents}
\documentclass[margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.18}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[x=4mm,
axis lines=middle,
axis on top,
xlabel=$x$,
ylabel=${z[n]}$,
label style={anchor=north east},
xtick=data,
tick label style = {fill=white, inner sep=2pt, font=\scriptsize},
extra x ticks = {0},
ymin=-5, ymax=10,
enlarge x limits={0.1},
enlarge y limits={0.2,upper},
every axis plot post/.style={very thick},
]
\addplot [ycomb, mark=*] table [x=n, y=xn] {zdata.dat};
\draw[very thick, dash pattern=on 1pt off 3pt,
transform canvas={yshift=-1.5ex}
]
(6,0) -- (10,0) % 6: position of 6th tick,
% 10: position od 10th tick
(16,0) -- (18,0);
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}