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如何改变自动机/图形边缘之间的角度

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-arrows graphs automata edge
如何改变自动机/图形边缘之间的角度

我想要得到这个： 在此处输入图片描述

但这就是我得到的：

在此处输入图片描述

这是代码：

\begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
        node distance=1.5cm,
        every node/.style={draw, fill, circle, inner sep=1.102pt},
        endnode/.style={fill=none, inner sep=5pt},
        every edge/.style={draw, ->, shorten >=5pt, shorten <=5pt},
        itslabel/.style={draw=none, fill=none, above=0pt, pos=0.5, font=\footnotesize},
        ]
        % position the nodes a..d
        \node (a) [draw=none,fill=none] {I};
        \node (b) [right=of a] {};
        \node (c) [above right=of b] {};
        \node (d) [above right=of c] {};
        \node (e) [right=of d] {};
        \node (f) [right=of e] {};
        \node (g) [right=of f] {};
        \node (gend) [endnode] at (g) {};
        \node (h) [below right=of c] {};
        \node (i) [right=of h] {};
        \node (j) [right=of i] {};
        \node (k) [right=of j] {};
        \node (l) [right=of k] {};
        \node (m) [right=of l] {};
        \node (mend) [endnode] at (m) {};
        \node (n) [below right=of b] {};
        \node (o) [right=of n] {};
        \node (p) [right=of o] {};
        \node (q) [right=of p] {};
        \node (r) [right=of q] {};
        \node (s) [right=of r] {};
        \node (send) [endnode] at (s) {};
        
        
        %[shorten >=1em]    final
        \path (a.center) edge (b) 
        (b) edge node [itslabel, pos=0.38, above=5pt] {\(\varepsilon\)} (c)
        (c.center) edge node [itslabel, pos = 0.4, above = 0.1] {\(\varepsilon\)} (d)
        (d) edge node [itslabel] {\(1\)} (e)
        (e) edge node [itslabel] {\(\varepsilon\)} (f)
        (f) edge [shorten >=1em] node [itslabel] {\(0\)} (g)
        (c) edge node [itslabel, pos = 0.32, below = 0.2] {\(\varepsilon\)} (h)
        (h) edge node [itslabel] {\(0\)} (i)
        (i) edge [shorten >=1em] node [itslabel] {\(\varepsilon\)} (j)
        (j) edge node [itslabel] {\(0\)} (k)
        (k) edge node [itslabel] {\(\varepsilon\)} (l)
        (l) edge [shorten >=1em] node [itslabel] {\(1\)} (m)
        (b) edge node [itslabel, pos = 0.32, below = 0.2] {\(\varepsilon\)} (n)
        (n) edge node [itslabel] {\(0\)} (o)
        (o) edge node [itslabel] {\(\varepsilon\)} (p)
        (p) edge node [itslabel] {\(1\)} (q)
        (q) edge node [itslabel] {\(\varepsilon\)} (r)
        (r) edge [shorten >=1em] node [itslabel] {\(0\)} (s);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}

有人知道我如何得到第一个图的图形/自动机吗？（图形的边缘最接近）

答案1

yshift您可以向适当的节点添加：

    \node (d) [above right=of c, yshift=-.375cm] {};
...
    \node (h) [below right=of c, yshift=.375cm] {};

在此处输入图片描述

这是使用 的替代方法forest，它会自动创建您想要的间距。

在此处输入图片描述

您可以通过更改 来调整垂直间距s sep，通过更改 来调整水平间距l sep。例如，

for tree={s sep=0cm, l sep=1cm, grow'=0, ...

会使结果更长更平坦。

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{forest}
\tikzset{lbl/.style={midway, font=\scriptsize, outer sep=-1pt}}

\newcommand{\e}{\varepsilon}

\begin{document}

\begin{forest}
for tree={grow'=0, edge=-stealth, outer sep=3pt, anchor=center, if n children=0{draw, circle, minimum size=4mm}{}}
[I, for descendants={inner sep=0pt, node contents=\textbullet}
[
    [,edge label={node[lbl, above left]{$\e$}}
        [,edge label={node[lbl, above left]{$\e$}}
            [,edge label={node[lbl, above]{1}}
                [,edge label={node[lbl, above]{$\e$}}
                    [,edge label={node[lbl, above]{0}}]]]]
        [,edge label={node[lbl, below left]{$\e$}}
            [,edge label={node[lbl, above]{0}}
                [,edge label={node[lbl, above]{$\e$}}
                    [,edge label={node[lbl, above]{0}}
                        [,edge label={node[lbl, above]{$\e$}}
                            [,edge label={node[lbl, above]{1}}]]]]]]]
    [,edge label={node[lbl, below left]{$\e$}}
        [,edge label={node[lbl, above]{0}}
            [,edge label={node[lbl, above]{$\e$}}
                [,edge label={node[lbl, above]{1}}
                    [,edge label={node[lbl, above]{$\e$}}
                        [,edge label={node[lbl, above]{0}}]]]]]]]]
\end{forest}

\end{document}

答案2

您可以使用普通的 Tikz 绘图命令在不同位置绘制线条。

这是一个 MWE（请注意包含前言材料，以便其他人更容易运行此代码）。

\documentclass[tikz,border=5mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows, 
                arrows.meta, 
                calc, 
                positioning,
                decorations.markings, 
                automata 
               }
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    node distance=1.5cm,
    every node/.style={draw, fill, circle, inner sep=1.102pt},
    endnode/.style={fill=none, inner sep=5pt},
    every edge/.style={draw, ->, shorten >=5pt, shorten <=5pt},
    itslabel/.style={draw=none, fill=none, above=0pt, pos=0.5, font=\footnotesize},
    ]
    % position the nodes a..d
    \node (a) [draw=none,fill=none] {I};
    \node (b) [right=of a] {};
    \node (c) [above right=of b] {};
    \node (d) [above right=of c] {};
    \node (e) [right=of d] {};
    \node (f) [right=of e] {};
    \node (g) [right=of f] {};
    \node (gend) [endnode] at (g) {};
    \node (h) [below right=of c] {};
    \node (i) [right=of h] {};
    \node (j) [right=of i] {};
    \node (k) [right=of j] {};
    \node (l) [right=of k] {};
    \node (m) [right=of l] {};
    \node (mend) [endnode] at (m) {};
    \node (n) [below right=of b] {};
    \node (o) [right=of n] {};
    \node (p) [right=of o] {};
    \node (q) [right=of p] {};
    \node (r) [right=of q] {};
    \node (s) [right=of r] {};
    \node (send) [endnode] at (s) {};
    
    
    %[shorten >=1em]    final
    \path (a.center) edge (b) 
    (b) edge node [itslabel, pos=0.38, above=5pt] {\(\varepsilon\)} (c)
    (c.center) edge node [itslabel, pos = 0.4, above = 0.1] {\(\varepsilon\)} (d)
    (d) edge node [itslabel] {\(1\)} (e)
    (e) edge node [itslabel] {\(\varepsilon\)} (f)
    (f) edge [shorten >=1em] node [itslabel] {\(0\)} (g)
    (c) edge node [itslabel, pos = 0.32, below = 0.2] {\(\varepsilon\)} (h)
    (h) edge node [itslabel] {\(0\)} (i)
    (i) edge [shorten >=1em] node [itslabel] {\(\varepsilon\)} (j)
    (j) edge node [itslabel] {\(0\)} (k)
    (k) edge node [itslabel] {\(\varepsilon\)} (l)
    (l) edge [shorten >=1em] node [itslabel] {\(1\)} (m)
    (b) edge node [itslabel, pos = 0.32, below = 0.2] {\(\varepsilon\)} (n)
    (n) edge node [itslabel] {\(0\)} (o)
    (o) edge node [itslabel] {\(\varepsilon\)} (p)
    (p) edge node [itslabel] {\(1\)} (q)
    (q) edge node [itslabel] {\(\varepsilon\)} (r)
    (r) edge [shorten >=1em] node [itslabel] {\(0\)} (s);

\draw[ ->, shorten >=5pt, shorten <=5pt] ($(g) + (0,.1cm)$)
     -- ++(0,.3cm) 
     -| node [itslabel, pos=.2] {\(\varepsilon\)} (b);
\draw[ ->, shorten >=5pt, shorten <=5pt] ($(m) + (0,-.1cm)$)
     -- ++(0,-2cm)
     -| node [itslabel, pos=.2] {\(\varepsilon\)} 
     ($(b) + (-.2cm,0)$);
\draw[ ->, shorten >=5pt, shorten <=5pt] ($(s) + (0,-.1cm)$)
     -- ++(0,-.3cm)
     -| node [itslabel, pos=.2] {\(\varepsilon\)} (b);
     

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

生成的图像如下： 在此处输入图片描述

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