我如何调整数轴上的标签（以显示不等式）使得生成的 .png 文件（要下载）的尺寸具有相同的大小？

Question

大家好，

我正在为学校学生制作图表，我正在为学校项目制作数字线。请注意，我仅使用 LaTeX 来创建图表，因此我下载了 .png 文件并将其用于我的内容。在创建数字线时，当线的范围更广时，即 -40{to}40 和 -60{to}60，我遇到了一个问题。当范围相对较小时，这是一项简单的任务，但对于较大的范围，标签会相互重叠。

这个问题有解决办法吗？我正在分享我从这个伟大的社区学到的工作。

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14pt]{standalone}

 \usepackage{pgfplots} \usepackage{pgf,tikz,pgfplots,xcolor}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.9}


\pgfplotsset{%
compat=newest,
tick label style={font=\tiny},
label style={font=\small},
legend style={font=\small},
axis x line = center,
axis y line = center,
every axis/.style={pin distance=1ex},
}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[%
axis x line=center,
axis y line=none,
inner axis line style={<->},
xmin=-60,xmax=60, ymin=0, ymax=1,
xtick distance=5,
%xticklabels={-60,-55,-50,-45,-40,-35,-30,-25,-20,-15,-10,-5,0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60},
]
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[%
axis x line=center,
axis y line=none,
inner axis line style={<->},
ymin=0,ymax=1,
xmin=-43,xmax=43,
xtick distance = 5,
axis line style = thick,
%major tick style = thick,
%i am using the following if necessary
%x tick label style = {font=\tiny}
%xtick={1,2,3},
%xtick style={},
%xtick={-4,-3,-2,-1,1,2,3,4},
]
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Answer 1

你TikZ可以用它绘制自己的数字线。我创建了一个相应的命令供你使用。我鼓励你尝试不同的参数，以便在每种情况下都能得到你想要的结果。

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14pt]{standalone}

\newcommand\drawNumberLine[4]{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        % draw arrow from -arrowLength/2-0.5  to  arrowLength/2+0.5
        \draw[latex-latex,thick] (-#1/2 -.5,0) -- (#1/2 + .5,0);
        % draw ticks with label
        \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\nextStep}{#2+#3}
        \foreach \x [count=\c] in {#2,\nextStep,...,#4} {
            % scale \x to arrow length
            % (x - from_min) * (to_max - to_min) / (from_max - from_min) + to_min
            \pgfmathsetmacro{\xPos}{(\x - #2) * (#1/2 - -#1/2) / (#4 - #2) + -#1/2};
            % draw tick
            \draw[thick] (\xPos,-.1) -- (\xPos,.1);
            % tick label above or below? (based on \c which starts at 1)
            %  - even: below
            %  -  odd: above
            \pgfmathsetmacro{\yPos}{ifthenelse(mod(\c,2)==0,-.3,.3)}
            % \x < 0: shift a little bit to the left (-.12)
            \pgfmathsetmacro{\xPos}{ifthenelse(\x<0,\xPos-.12,\xPos)}
            % set tick label
            \node[font=\footnotesize] at (\xPos,\yPos) {$\x$};
        }
    \end{tikzpicture}
}

% here are the labels always below
\newcommand\drawNumberLineLabelsBelow[4]{%
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        % draw arrow from -arrowLength/2-0.5  to  arrowLength/2+0.5
        \draw[latex-latex,thick] (-#1/2 -.5,0) -- (#1/2 + .5,0);
        % draw ticks with label
        \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\nextStep}{#2+#3}
        \foreach \x [count=\c] in {#2,\nextStep,...,#4} {
            % scale \x to arrow length
            % (x - from_min) * (to_max - to_min) / (from_max - from_min) + to_min
            \pgfmathsetmacro{\xPos}{(\x - #2) * (#1/2 - -#1/2) / (#4 - #2) + -#1/2};
            % draw tick
            \draw[thick] (\xPos,-.1) -- (\xPos,.1);
            % tick label position
            \pgfmathsetmacro{\yPos}{-.3}
            % \x < 0: shift a little bit to the left (-.12)
            \pgfmathsetmacro{\xPos}{ifthenelse(\x<0,\xPos-.12,\xPos)}
            % set tick label
            \node[font=\footnotesize] at (\xPos,\yPos) {$\x$};
        }
    \end{tikzpicture}
}

\begin{document}
\drawNumberLine%
    {8}%   arrow length
    {-40}% start point
    {5}%   step wide
    {40}%  end point

\drawNumberLine%
    {8}%   arrow length
    {-60}% start point
    {5}%   step wide
    {60}%  end point

\drawNumberLine%
    {8}%   arrow length
    {-20}% start point
    {2}%   step wide
    {20}%  end point

\drawNumberLine%
    {8}%  arrow length
    {15}% start point
    {5}%  step wide
    {95}% end point

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\drawNumberLineLabelsBelow%
    {15}%  arrow length
    {-40}% start point
    {5}%   step wide
    {40}%  end point

\drawNumberLineLabelsBelow%
    {15}%  arrow length
    {-60}% start point
    {5}%   step wide
    {60}%  end point

\drawNumberLineLabelsBelow%
    {15}%  arrow length
    {-20}% start point
    {2}%   step wide
    {20}%  end point

\drawNumberLineLabelsBelow%
    {15}% arrow length
    {15}% start point
    {5}%  step wide
    {95}% end point
\end{document}

一些结果：

标签在上方和下方之间变化的一些结果：

新的：15 至 95