列环境中 tikzboxes 的位置调整

Question

与每列相关的“标题”位于不同的位置。

由于标题和框之间的空间不同，列的高度也不同。由于您使用的是[c]输入列，因此标题的高度不会相同

右侧的边距不受尊重，因此不对称（我以为 \columns 会自动执行此操作？）

边距会自动适应列的宽度，但如果将内容放入比列宽宽得多的列中，它将突出。Latex 会在日志文件中通知您有关 hbox 溢出的信息

另外，我怎样才能使框与框架的中心线对齐？（难道不应该通过 \columns[c] 来完成吗？）

居中列将使列彼此居中对齐。如果您希望内容位于框架的中心，请使用[c]居中对齐框架。

为了扭曲盒子内的整个方程式（而不是像以前的问题那样只扭曲方程式内的部分方程式），我建议使用tcolorbox：

\documentclass[t]{beamer}

%%%%%% ENCODAGE %%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

%%%%%% TIKZ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage[beamer,customcolors,norndcorners]{hf-tikz}

%%%%%% OTHERS %%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage{booktabs,calligra}
\usepackage{listings,stackengine}
\def\doubleunderline#1{\underline{\underline{#1}}}


\author{XXX}
\title{XXX}
\subtitle{XXX}
\institute [XXX] {XXX \\ XXX}
\date{\today}


%%%%%% DEFINITIONS %%%%%%%%%
\def\cmd#1{\texttt{\color{red}\footnotesize $\backslash$#1}}
\def\env#1{\texttt{\color{blue}\footnotesize #1}}
\definecolor{deepblue}{rgb}{0,0,0.5}
\definecolor{deepred}{rgb}{0.6,0,0}
\definecolor{deepgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0}
\definecolor{halfgray}{gray}{0.55}

\lstset{
    basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,
    keywordstyle=\bfseries\color{deepblue},
    emphstyle=\ttfamily\color{deepred},    % Custom highlighting style
    stringstyle=\color{deepgreen},
    numbers=left,
    numberstyle=\small\color{halfgray},
    rulesepcolor=\color{red!20!green!20!blue!20},
    frame=shadowbox,
}

%%%%%% VIDEO %%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage{multimedia}

%%%%%% BOX %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage{fancybox}
\usepackage{varwidth}
\usepackage{subcaption}

\hfsetbordercolor{blue!50!black}

%%%%%% PGFPLOTS %%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage[export]{adjustbox}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}

\definecolor{mygreen}{RGB}{28,172,0} % color values Red, Green, Blue
\definecolor{mylilas}{RGB}{170,55,241}
\definecolor{BgYellow}{HTML}{FFF59C}
\definecolor{FrameYellow}{HTML}{F7A600}
\usepackage{pgf, tikz, adjustbox}
\usetikzlibrary{spy}
\usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, matrix, positioning}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings, arrows.meta,
                patterns.meta
                }


\usepackage[most]{tcolorbox}
\tcbset{highlight math style={enhanced,colframe=blue!50!black,colback=bg,boxsep=0pt,sharp corners,
equal height group=C,
minimum for equal height group=C:1.5cm,
valign=center,
}}



\begin{document}

\begin{frame}[c]
\frametitle{Formalisme physique}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{.41\linewidth}
    \centering {\color{deepblue} Problème de Stokes}
\begin{tcolorbox}[ams equation*,colback=bg,colframe=blue!50!black,equal height group=C,valign=center,top=-.7\baselineskip]
  \left\{
      \begin{aligned}
        0 &= - \frac{\partial P}{\partial r} + \mu \frac{\partial^2 u}{\partial z^2}    \\
        0 &= -\frac{\partial P}{\partial z} - \rho g    \\
        0 &= \frac{\partial {u}}{\partial {r}} + \frac{{u}}{{r}} + \frac{\partial {w}}{\partial {z}}\\
     \end{aligned}
    \right.
    \end{tcolorbox}
    
\end{column}
\begin{column}{.65\linewidth}
    \centering {\color{deepblue} Conditions limites}
\begin{tcolorbox}[ams equation*,colback=bg,colframe=blue!50!black,equal height group=C,valign=center,top=-.7\baselineskip]
  \left\{
      \begin{aligned}
        {w}({z} = {h}) &= \frac{\partial {h}}{\partial {t}} + {u} \frac{\partial {h}}{\partial {r}}   \\
        {p}(z = {h}) &= {D} \left( \Delta^{2}_{{r}} {h}\right) + \rho g h+{P_0}  \\
        \doubleunderline{\sigma} \cdot \underline{n} &= - P_T \cdot \underline{n}\\
     \end{aligned}
    \right.
    \end{tcolorbox}
    
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}



\end{document}

Answer 1